Class: File

Inherits:
IO show all
Defined in:
file.c

Overview

A File is an abstraction of any file object accessible by the program and is closely associated with class IO. File includes the methods of module FileTest as class methods, allowing you to write (for example) File.exist?("foo").

In the description of File methods, permission bits are a platform-specific set of bits that indicate permissions of a file. On Unix-based systems, permissions are viewed as a set of three octets, for the owner, the group, and the rest of the world. For each of these entities, permissions may be set to read, write, or execute the file:

The permission bits 0644 (in octal) would thus be interpreted as read/write for owner, and read-only for group and other. Higher-order bits may also be used to indicate the type of file (plain, directory, pipe, socket, and so on) and various other special features. If the permissions are for a directory, the meaning of the execute bit changes; when set the directory can be searched.

On non-Posix operating systems, there may be only the ability to make a file read-only or read-write. In this case, the remaining permission bits will be synthesized to resemble typical values. For instance, on Windows NT the default permission bits are 0644, which means read/write for owner, read-only for all others. The only change that can be made is to make the file read-only, which is reported as 0444.

Various constants for the methods in File can be found in File::Constants.

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Constants Classes: Stat

Constant Summary collapse

Separator =

separates directory parts in path

separator
SEPARATOR = 
separator
ALT_SEPARATOR =

platform specific alternative separator

Qnil
PATH_SEPARATOR =

path list separator

rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new2(PATH_SEP))

Constants inherited from IO

IO::SEEK_CUR, IO::SEEK_DATA, IO::SEEK_END, IO::SEEK_HOLE, IO::SEEK_SET

Constants included from Constants

Constants::APPEND, Constants::BINARY, Constants::CREAT, Constants::DIRECT, Constants::DSYNC, Constants::EXCL, Constants::LOCK_EX, Constants::LOCK_NB, Constants::LOCK_SH, Constants::LOCK_UN, Constants::NOATIME, Constants::NOCTTY, Constants::NOFOLLOW, Constants::NONBLOCK, Constants::NULL, Constants::RDONLY, Constants::RDWR, Constants::RSYNC, Constants::SHARE_DELETE, Constants::SYNC, Constants::TMPFILE, Constants::TRUNC, Constants::WRONLY

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from IO

#<<, #__read_nonblock, #__write_nonblock, #advise, #autoclose=, #autoclose?, #binmode, #binmode?, binread, binwrite, #bytes, #chars, #close, #close_on_exec=, #close_on_exec?, #close_read, #close_write, #closed?, #codepoints, copy_stream, #each, #each_byte, #each_char, #each_codepoint, #each_line, #eof, #eof?, #external_encoding, #fcntl, #fdatasync, #fileno, #flush, for_fd, foreach, #fsync, #getbyte, #getc, #gets, #initialize_copy, #inspect, #internal_encoding, #ioctl, #isatty, #lineno, #lineno=, #lines, new, #pid, pipe, popen, #pos, #pos=, #print, #printf, #putc, #puts, read, #read, #readbyte, #readchar, #readline, #readlines, readlines, #readpartial, #reopen, #rewind, #seek, select, #set_encoding, #stat, #sync, #sync=, sysopen, #sysread, #sysseek, #syswrite, #tell, #to_io, try_convert, #tty?, #ungetbyte, #ungetc, #write, write

Methods included from Enumerable

#all?, #any?, #chunk, #chunk_while, #collect, #collect_concat, #count, #cycle, #detect, #drop, #drop_while, #each_cons, #each_entry, #each_slice, #each_with_index, #each_with_object, #entries, #find, #find_all, #find_index, #first, #flat_map, #grep, #grep_v, #group_by, #include?, #inject, #lazy, #map, #max, #max_by, #member?, #min, #min_by, #minmax, #minmax_by, #none?, #one?, #partition, #reduce, #reject, #reverse_each, #select, #slice_after, #slice_before, #slice_when, #sort, #sort_by, #take, #take_while, #to_a, #to_h, #zip

Constructor Details

#new(filename, mode = "r"[, opt]) ⇒ File #new(filename[, mode [, perm]][, opt]) ⇒ File

Opens the file named by filename according to the given mode and returns a new File object.

See IO.new for a description of mode and opt.

If a file is being created, permission bits may be given in perm. These mode and permission bits are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see open(2) and chmod(2) man pages for details.

Examples

f = File.new("testfile", "r")
f = File.new("newfile",  "w+")
f = File.new("newfile", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644)

Overloads:

  • #new(filename, mode = "r"[, opt]) ⇒ File
  • #new(filename[, mode [, perm]][, opt]) ⇒ File 


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# File 'io.c', line 7655

static VALUE
rb_file_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
    if (RFILE(io)->fptr) {
  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "reinitializing File");
    }
    if (0 < argc && argc < 3) {
  VALUE fd = rb_check_convert_type(argv[0], T_FIXNUM, "Fixnum", "to_int");

  if (!NIL_P(fd)) {
      argv[0] = fd;
      return rb_io_initialize(argc, argv, io);
  }
    }
    rb_open_file(argc, argv, io);

    return io;
}

Class Method Details

.absolute_path(file_name[, dir_string]) ⇒ Object

Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. If the given pathname starts with a “~” it is NOT expanded, it is treated as a normal directory name.

File.absolute_path("~oracle/bin")       #=> "<relative_path>/~oracle/bin"



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# File 'file.c', line 3692

VALUE
rb_file_s_absolute_path(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE fname, dname;

    if (argc == 1) {
  return rb_file_absolute_path(argv[0], Qnil);
    }
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &dname);

    return rb_file_absolute_path(fname, dname);
}

.atime(file_name) ⇒ Time

Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object).

file_name can be an IO object.

File.atime("testfile")   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2046

static VALUE
rb_file_s_atime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  FilePathValue(fname);
  rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
    }
    return stat_atime(&st);
}

.basename(file_name[, suffix]) ⇒ Object

Returns the last component of the filename given in file_name, which can be formed using both File::SEPARATOR and File::ALT_SEPARATOR as the separator when File::ALT_SEPARATOR is not nil. If suffix is given and present at the end of file_name, it is removed. If suffix is “.*”, any extension will be removed.

File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb")          #=> "ruby.rb"
File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb")   #=> "ruby"
File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".*")    #=> "ruby"



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# File 'file.c', line 4057

static VALUE
rb_file_s_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE fname, fext, basename;
    const char *name, *p;
    long f, n;
    rb_encoding *enc;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &fext) == 2) {
  StringValue(fext);
  enc = check_path_encoding(fext);
    }
    FilePathStringValue(fname);
    if (NIL_P(fext) || !(enc = rb_enc_compatible(fname, fext))) {
  enc = rb_enc_get(fname);
  fext = Qnil;
    }
    if ((n = RSTRING_LEN(fname)) == 0 || !*(name = RSTRING_PTR(fname)))
  return rb_str_new_shared(fname);

    p = ruby_enc_find_basename(name, &f, &n, enc);
    if (n >= 0) {
  if (NIL_P(fext)) {
      f = n;
  }
  else {
      const char *fp;
      fp = StringValueCStr(fext);
      if (!(f = rmext(p, f, n, fp, RSTRING_LEN(fext), enc))) {
    f = n;
      }
      RB_GC_GUARD(fext);
  }
  if (f == RSTRING_LEN(fname)) return rb_str_new_shared(fname);
    }

    basename = rb_str_new(p, f);
    rb_enc_copy(basename, fname);
    OBJ_INFECT(basename, fname);
    return basename;
}

.birthtime(file_name) ⇒ Time

Returns the birth time for the named file.

file_name can be an IO object.

File.birthtime("testfile")   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003

If the platform doesn’t have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2201

static VALUE
rb_file_s_birthtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  FilePathValue(fname);
  rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
    }
    return stat_birthtime(&st);
}

.blockdev?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is a block device.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1445

static VALUE
rb_file_blockdev_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISBLK
#   ifdef S_IFBLK
# define S_ISBLK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)
#   else
# define S_ISBLK(m) (0)  /* anytime false */
#   endif
#endif

#ifdef S_ISBLK
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;

#endif
    return Qfalse;
}

.chardev?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is a character device.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1474

static VALUE
rb_file_chardev_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISCHR
#   define S_ISCHR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
#endif

    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;

    return Qfalse;
}

.chmod(mode_int, file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are operating system dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Returns the number of files processed.

File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out")   #=> 2

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2292

static VALUE
rb_file_s_chmod(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE vmode;
    VALUE rest;
    int mode;
    long n;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest);
    mode = NUM2INT(vmode);

    n = apply2files(chmod_internal, rest, &mode);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.chown(owner_int, group_int, file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Returns the number of files processed.

File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile")

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2432

static VALUE
rb_file_s_chown(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE o, g, rest;
    struct chown_args arg;
    long n;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest);
    arg.owner = to_uid(o);
    arg.group = to_gid(g);

    n = apply2files(chown_internal, rest, &arg);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.ctime(file_name) ⇒ Time

Returns the change time for the named file (the time at which directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).

file_name can be an IO object.

Note that on Windows (NTFS), returns creation time (birth time).

File.ctime("testfile")   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2147

static VALUE
rb_file_s_ctime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  FilePathValue(fname);
  rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
    }
    return stat_ctime(&st);
}

.delete(file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer .unlink(file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.

Overloads:



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# File 'file.c', line 2825

static VALUE
rb_file_s_unlink(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
    long n;

    n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.directory?(fname) ⇒ Boolean

call-seq:

File.directory?(file_name)   ->  true or false

Returns true if the named file is a directory, or a symlink that points at a directory, and false otherwise.

file_name can be an IO object.

File.directory?(".")

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1324

VALUE
rb_file_directory_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISDIR
#   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif

    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

.dirname(file_name) ⇒ Object

Returns all components of the filename given in file_name except the last one. The filename can be formed using both File::SEPARATOR and File::ALT_SEPARATOR as the separator when File::ALT_SEPARATOR is not nil.

File.dirname("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb")   #=> "/home/gumby/work"



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# File 'file.c', line 4111

static VALUE
rb_file_s_dirname(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    return rb_file_dirname(fname);
}

.executable?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is executable by the effective user and group id of this process. See eaccess(3).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1675

static VALUE
rb_file_executable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.executable_real?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is executable by the real user and group id of this process. See access(3).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1692

static VALUE
rb_file_executable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.exist?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Return true if the named file exists.

file_name can be an IO object.

“file exists” means that stat() or fstat() system call is successful.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1500

static VALUE
rb_file_exist_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.exists?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Deprecated method. Don’t use.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1515

static VALUE
rb_file_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    const char *s = "FileTest#";
    if (obj == rb_mFileTest) {
  s = "FileTest.";
    }
    else if (obj == rb_cFile ||
       (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_CLASS) &&
        RTEST(rb_class_inherited_p(obj, rb_cFile)))) {
  s = "File.";
    }
    rb_warning("%sexists? is a deprecated name, use %sexist? instead", s, s);
    return rb_file_exist_p(obj, fname);
}

.expand_path(file_name[, dir_string]) ⇒ Object

Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. The given pathname may start with a “~”, which expands to the process owner’s home directory (the environment variable HOME must be set correctly). “~user” expands to the named user’s home directory.

File.expand_path("~oracle/bin")           #=> "/home/oracle/bin"

A simple example of using dir_string is as follows.

File.expand_path("ruby", "/usr/bin")      #=> "/usr/bin/ruby"

A more complex example which also resolves parent directory is as follows. Suppose we are in bin/mygem and want the absolute path of lib/mygem.rb.

File.expand_path("../../lib/mygem.rb", __FILE__)
#=> ".../path/to/project/lib/mygem.rb"

So first it resolves the parent of __FILE__, that is bin/, then go to the parent, the root of the project and appends lib/mygem.rb.



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# File 'file.c', line 3659

VALUE
rb_file_s_expand_path(int argc, const VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE fname, dname;

    if (argc == 1) {
  return rb_file_expand_path(argv[0], Qnil);
    }
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &dname);

    return rb_file_expand_path(fname, dname);
}

.extname(path) ⇒ String

Returns the extension (the portion of file name in path starting from the last period).

If path is a dotfile, or starts with a period, then the starting dot is not dealt with the start of the extension.

An empty string will also be returned when the period is the last character in path.

File.extname("test.rb")         #=> ".rb"
File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb")   #=> ".rb"
File.extname(".a/b/d/test.rb")  #=> ".rb"
File.extname("foo.")            #=> ""
File.extname("test")            #=> ""
File.extname(".profile")        #=> ""
File.extname(".profile.sh")     #=> ".sh"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 4248

static VALUE
rb_file_s_extname(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    const char *name, *e;
    long len;
    VALUE extname;

    FilePathStringValue(fname);
    name = StringValueCStr(fname);
    len = RSTRING_LEN(fname);
    e = ruby_enc_find_extname(name, &len, rb_enc_get(fname));
    if (len <= 1)
  return rb_str_new(0, 0);
    extname = rb_str_subseq(fname, e - name, len); /* keep the dot, too! */
    OBJ_INFECT(extname, fname);
    return extname;
}

.file?(file) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file exists and is a regular file.

file can be an IO object.

If the file argument is a symbolic link, it will resolve the symbolic link and use the file referenced by the link.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1717

static VALUE
rb_file_file_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

.fnmatch(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean .fnmatch?(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:

*

Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp.

*

Matches all files regular files

c*

Matches all files beginning with c

*c

Matches all files ending with c

*c*

Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).

To match hidden files (that start with a . set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.

**

Matches directories recursively or files expansively.

?

Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.

[set]

Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).

\

Escapes the next metacharacter.

{a,b}

Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).

flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.

Examples:

File.fnmatch('cat',       'cat')        #=> true  # match entire string
File.fnmatch('cat',       'category')   #=> false # only match partial string

File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats')                    #=> false # { } isn't supported by default
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true  # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB

File.fnmatch('c?t',     'cat')          #=> true  # '?' match only 1 character
File.fnmatch('c??t',    'cat')          #=> false # ditto
File.fnmatch('c*',      'cats')         #=> true  # '*' match 0 or more characters
File.fnmatch('c*t',     'c/a/b/t')      #=> true  # ditto
File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat')          #=> true  # inclusive bracket expression
File.fnmatch('ca[^t]',  'cat')          #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!')

File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT')                     #=> false # case sensitive
File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true  # case insensitive

File.fnmatch('?',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
File.fnmatch('*',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto

File.fnmatch('\?',   '?')                       #=> true  # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary
File.fnmatch('\a',   'a')                       #=> true  # escaped ordinary remains ordinary
File.fnmatch('\a',   '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE)  #=> true  # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary
File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?')                       #=> true  # can escape inside bracket expression

File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile')                      #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading
File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH)  #=> true  # period by default.
File.fnmatch('.*',  '.profile')                      #=> true

rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string.
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb')                    #=> false
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb')                  #=> false
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb')                    #=> true
File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb')                  #=> false
File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
File.fnmatch('*',           'dave/.profile')                      #=> true

pattern = '*' '/' '*'
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true

pattern = '**' '/' 'foo'
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)     #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> false
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true

Overloads:

  • .fnmatch(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • .fnmatch?(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean) 


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# File 'dir.c', line 2522

static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE pattern, path;
    VALUE rflags;
    int flags;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
  flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
    else
  flags = 0;

    StringValue(pattern);
    FilePathStringValue(path);

    if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
  struct brace_args args;

  args.value = path;
  args.flags = flags;
  if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
            (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern)) > 0)
      return Qtrue;
    }
    else {
  rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_compatible(pattern, path);
  if (!enc) return Qfalse;
  if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), flags) == 0)
      return Qtrue;
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(pattern);

    return Qfalse;
}

.fnmatch(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean .fnmatch?(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:

*

Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp.

*

Matches all files regular files

c*

Matches all files beginning with c

*c

Matches all files ending with c

*c*

Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).

To match hidden files (that start with a . set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.

**

Matches directories recursively or files expansively.

?

Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.

[set]

Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).

\

Escapes the next metacharacter.

{a,b}

Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).

flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.

Examples:

File.fnmatch('cat',       'cat')        #=> true  # match entire string
File.fnmatch('cat',       'category')   #=> false # only match partial string

File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats')                    #=> false # { } isn't supported by default
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true  # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB

File.fnmatch('c?t',     'cat')          #=> true  # '?' match only 1 character
File.fnmatch('c??t',    'cat')          #=> false # ditto
File.fnmatch('c*',      'cats')         #=> true  # '*' match 0 or more characters
File.fnmatch('c*t',     'c/a/b/t')      #=> true  # ditto
File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat')          #=> true  # inclusive bracket expression
File.fnmatch('ca[^t]',  'cat')          #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!')

File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT')                     #=> false # case sensitive
File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true  # case insensitive

File.fnmatch('?',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
File.fnmatch('*',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto

File.fnmatch('\?',   '?')                       #=> true  # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary
File.fnmatch('\a',   'a')                       #=> true  # escaped ordinary remains ordinary
File.fnmatch('\a',   '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE)  #=> true  # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary
File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?')                       #=> true  # can escape inside bracket expression

File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile')                      #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading
File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH)  #=> true  # period by default.
File.fnmatch('.*',  '.profile')                      #=> true

rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string.
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb')                    #=> false
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb')                  #=> false
File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb')                    #=> true
File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb')                  #=> false
File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
File.fnmatch('*',           'dave/.profile')                      #=> true

pattern = '*' '/' '*'
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true

pattern = '**' '/' 'foo'
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)     #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> true
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> false
File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true

Overloads:

  • .fnmatch(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • .fnmatch?(pattern, path, [flags]) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean) 


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# File 'dir.c', line 2522

static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE pattern, path;
    VALUE rflags;
    int flags;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
  flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
    else
  flags = 0;

    StringValue(pattern);
    FilePathStringValue(path);

    if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
  struct brace_args args;

  args.value = path;
  args.flags = flags;
  if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
            (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern)) > 0)
      return Qtrue;
    }
    else {
  rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_compatible(pattern, path);
  if (!enc) return Qfalse;
  if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), flags) == 0)
      return Qtrue;
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(pattern);

    return Qfalse;
}

.ftype(file_name) ⇒ String

Identifies the type of the named file; the return string is one of “file”, “directory”, “characterSpecial”, “blockSpecial”, “fifo”, “link”, “socket”, or “unknown”.

File.ftype("testfile")            #=> "file"
File.ftype("/dev/tty")            #=> "characterSpecial"
File.ftype("/tmp/.X11-unix/X0")   #=> "socket"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2020

static VALUE
rb_file_s_ftype(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
    }

    return rb_file_ftype(&st);
}

.grpowned?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file exists and the effective group id of the calling process is the owner of the file. Returns false on Windows.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1809

static VALUE
rb_file_grpowned_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (rb_group_member(st.st_gid)) return Qtrue;
#endif
    return Qfalse;
}

.identical?(file_1, file_2) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named files are identical.

file_1 and file_2 can be an IO object.

open("a", "w") {}
p File.identical?("a", "a")      #=> true
p File.identical?("a", "./a")    #=> true
File.link("a", "b")
p File.identical?("a", "b")      #=> true
File.symlink("a", "c")
p File.identical?("a", "c")      #=> true
open("d", "w") {}
p File.identical?("a", "d")      #=> false

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1905

static VALUE
rb_file_identical_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname1, VALUE fname2)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
    struct stat st1, st2;

    if (rb_stat(fname1, &st1) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (rb_stat(fname2, &st2) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (st1.st_dev != st2.st_dev) return Qfalse;
    if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
#else
    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION st1, st2;
    HANDLE f1 = 0, f2 = 0;

    f1 = w32_io_info(&fname1, &st1);
    if (f1 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse;
    if (f1) {
  struct w32_io_info_args arg;
  arg.fname = &fname2;
  arg.st = &st2;
  f2 = (HANDLE)rb_ensure(call_w32_io_info, (VALUE)&arg, close_handle, (VALUE)f1);
    }
    else {
  f2 = w32_io_info(&fname2, &st2);
    }
    if (f2 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse;
    if (f2) CloseHandle(f2);

    if (st1.dwVolumeSerialNumber == st2.dwVolumeSerialNumber &&
  st1.nFileIndexHigh == st2.nFileIndexHigh &&
  st1.nFileIndexLow == st2.nFileIndexLow)
  return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
#endif
}

.join(string, ...) ⇒ String

Returns a new string formed by joining the strings using File::SEPARATOR.

File.join("usr", "mail", "gumby")   #=> "usr/mail/gumby"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 4400

static VALUE
rb_file_s_join(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
    return rb_file_join(args, separator);
}

.lchmod(mode_int, file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2369

static VALUE
rb_file_s_lchmod(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE vmode;
    VALUE rest;
    long mode, n;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest);
    mode = NUM2INT(vmode);

    n = apply2files(lchmod_internal, rest, (void *)(long)mode);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.lchown(owner_int, group_int, file_name, ..) ⇒ Integer

Equivalent to File::chown, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number of files in the argument list.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2508

static VALUE
rb_file_s_lchown(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE o, g, rest;
    struct chown_args arg;
    long n;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest);
    arg.owner = to_uid(o);
    arg.group = to_gid(g);

    n = apply2files(lchown_internal, rest, &arg);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.link(old_name, new_name) ⇒ 0

Creates a new name for an existing file using a hard link. Will not overwrite new_name if it already exists (raising a subclass of SystemCallError). Not available on all platforms.

File.link("testfile", ".testfile")   #=> 0
IO.readlines(".testfile")[0]         #=> "This is line one\n"

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 2709

static VALUE
rb_file_s_link(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
    FilePathValue(from);
    FilePathValue(to);
    from = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
    to = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);

    if (link(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) {
  sys_fail2(from, to);
    }
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

.lstat(file_name) ⇒ Object

Same as File::stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.

File.symlink("testfile", "link2test")   #=> 0
File.stat("testfile").size              #=> 66
File.lstat("link2test").size            #=> 8
File.stat("link2test").size             #=> 66



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# File 'file.c', line 1139

static VALUE
rb_file_s_lstat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
    struct stat st;

    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
    }
    return rb_stat_new(&st);
#else
    return rb_file_s_stat(klass, fname);
#endif
}

.mkfifo(*args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'file.c', line 5501

static VALUE
rb_file_s_mkfifo(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE path;
    int mode = 0666;

    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
    if (argc > 1) {
  mode = NUM2INT(argv[1]);
    }
    path = argv[0];
    FilePathValue(path);
    path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
    if (mkfifo(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode)) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(path);
    }
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

.mtime(file_name) ⇒ Time

Returns the modification time for the named file as a Time object.

file_name can be an IO object.

File.mtime("testfile")   #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2095

static VALUE
rb_file_s_mtime(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  FilePathValue(fname);
  rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
    }
    return stat_mtime(&st);
}

.open(*args) ⇒ Object

call-seq:

IO.open(fd, mode="r" [, opt])                -> io
IO.open(fd, mode="r" [, opt]) { |io| block } -> obj

With no associated block, IO.open is a synonym for IO.new. If the optional code block is given, it will be passed io as an argument, and the IO object will automatically be closed when the block terminates. In this instance, IO.open returns the value of the block.

See IO.new for a description of the fd, mode and opt parameters.



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# File 'io.c', line 6378

static VALUE
rb_io_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE io = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
  return rb_ensure(rb_yield, io, io_close, io);
    }

    return io;
}

.owned?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file exists and the effective used id of the calling process is the owner of the file.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1778

static VALUE
rb_file_owned_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (st.st_uid == geteuid()) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

.path(path) ⇒ String

Returns the string representation of the path

File.path("/dev/null")          #=> "/dev/null"
File.path(Pathname.new("/tmp")) #=> "/tmp"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 4277

static VALUE
rb_file_s_path(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    return rb_get_path(fname);
}

.pipe?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is a pipe.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1347

static VALUE
rb_file_pipe_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IFIFO
#  ifndef S_ISFIFO
#    define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)
#  endif

    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;

#endif
    return Qfalse;
}

.readable?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is readable by the effective user and group id of this process. See eaccess(3).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1539

static VALUE
rb_file_readable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.readable_real?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is readable by the real user and group id of this process. See access(3).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1556

static VALUE
rb_file_readable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.readlink(link_name) ⇒ Object

Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. Not available on all platforms.

File.symlink("testfile", "link2test")   #=> 0
File.readlink("link2test")              #=> "testfile"



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# File 'file.c', line 2768

static VALUE
rb_file_s_readlink(VALUE klass, VALUE path)
{
    return rb_readlink(path, rb_filesystem_encoding());
}

.realdirpath(pathname[, dir_string]) ⇒ Object

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem.

The real pathname doesn't contain symlinks or useless dots.

If _dir_string_ is given, it is used as a base directory
for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.

The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.



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# File 'file.c', line 3933

static VALUE
rb_file_s_realdirpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE path, basedir;
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &basedir);
    return rb_realpath_internal(basedir, path, 0);
}

.realpath(pathname[, dir_string]) ⇒ Object

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual

filesystem not containing symlinks or useless dots.

If _dir_string_ is given, it is used as a base directory
for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.

All components of the pathname must exist when this method is
called.



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# File 'file.c', line 3913

static VALUE
rb_file_s_realpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE path, basedir;
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &basedir);
    return rb_realpath_internal(basedir, path, 1);
}

.rename(old_name, new_name) ⇒ 0

Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a SystemCallError if the file cannot be renamed.

File.rename("afile", "afile.bak")   #=> 0

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 2844

static VALUE
rb_file_s_rename(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
    const char *src, *dst;
    VALUE f, t;

    FilePathValue(from);
    FilePathValue(to);
    f = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
    t = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);
    src = StringValueCStr(f);
    dst = StringValueCStr(t);
#if defined __CYGWIN__
    errno = 0;
#endif
    if (rename(src, dst) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
#if defined DOSISH
  switch (e) {
    case EEXIST:
      if (chmod(dst, 0666) == 0 &&
    unlink(dst) == 0 &&
    rename(src, dst) == 0)
    return INT2FIX(0);
  }
#endif
  syserr_fail2(e, from, to);
    }

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

.setgid?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file has the setgid bit set.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1859

static VALUE
rb_file_sgid_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISGID
    return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISGID);
#else
    return Qfalse;
#endif
}

.setuid?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file has the setuid bit set.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1842

static VALUE
rb_file_suid_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISUID
    return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISUID);
#else
    return Qfalse;
#endif
}

.size(file_name) ⇒ Integer

Returns the size of file_name.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 1951

static VALUE
rb_file_s_size(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  FilePathValue(fname);
  rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fname);
    }
    return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}

.size?(file_name) ⇒ Integer?

Returns nil if file_name doesn’t exist or has zero size, the size of the file otherwise.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 1757

static VALUE
rb_file_size_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
    if (st.st_size == 0) return Qnil;
    return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}

.socket?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is a socket.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1409

static VALUE
rb_file_socket_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISSOCK
#  ifdef _S_ISSOCK
#    define S_ISSOCK(m) _S_ISSOCK(m)
#  else
#    ifdef _S_IFSOCK
#      define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == _S_IFSOCK)
#    else
#      ifdef S_IFSOCK
#  define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)
#      endif
#    endif
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef S_ISSOCK
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;

#endif
    return Qfalse;
}

.split(file_name) ⇒ Array

Splits the given string into a directory and a file component and returns them in a two-element array. See also File::dirname and File::basename.

File.split("/home/gumby/.profile")   #=> ["/home/gumby", ".profile"]

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 4294

static VALUE
rb_file_s_split(VALUE klass, VALUE path)
{
    FilePathStringValue(path);    /* get rid of converting twice */
    return rb_assoc_new(rb_file_s_dirname(Qnil, path), rb_file_s_basename(1,&path));
}

.stat(file_name) ⇒ Object

Returns a File::Stat object for the named file (see File::Stat).

File.stat("testfile").mtime   #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003



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# File 'file.c', line 1085

static VALUE
rb_file_s_stat(VALUE klass, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    FilePathValue(fname);
    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fname);
    }
    return rb_stat_new(&st);
}

.sticky?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1876

static VALUE
rb_file_sticky_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_ISVTX
    return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISVTX);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

.symlink(old_name, new_name) ⇒ 0

Creates a symbolic link called new_name for the existing file old_name. Raises a NotImplemented exception on platforms that do not support symbolic links.

File.symlink("testfile", "link2test")   #=> 0

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 2739

static VALUE
rb_file_s_symlink(VALUE klass, VALUE from, VALUE to)
{
    FilePathValue(from);
    FilePathValue(to);
    from = rb_str_encode_ospath(from);
    to = rb_str_encode_ospath(to);

    if (symlink(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) {
  sys_fail2(from, to);
    }
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

.symlink?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is a symbolic link.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1371

static VALUE
rb_file_symlink_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifndef S_ISLNK
#  ifdef _S_ISLNK
#    define S_ISLNK(m) _S_ISLNK(m)
#  else
#    ifdef _S_IFLNK
#      define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == _S_IFLNK)
#    else
#      ifdef S_IFLNK
#  define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
#      endif
#    endif
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef S_ISLNK
    struct stat st;

    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue;
#endif

    return Qfalse;
}

.truncate(file_name, integer) ⇒ 0

Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.

f = File.new("out", "w")
f.write("1234567890")     #=> 10
f.close                   #=> nil
File.truncate("out", 5)   #=> 0
File.size("out")          #=> 5

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 4422

static VALUE
rb_file_s_truncate(VALUE klass, VALUE path, VALUE len)
{
#ifdef HAVE_TRUNCATE
#define NUM2POS(n) NUM2OFFT(n)
    off_t pos;
#else
#define NUM2POS(n) NUM2LONG(n)
    long pos;
#endif

    pos = NUM2POS(len);
    FilePathValue(path);
    path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
#ifdef HAVE_TRUNCATE
    if (truncate(StringValueCStr(path), pos) < 0)
  rb_sys_fail_path(path);
#else /* defined(HAVE_CHSIZE) */
    {
  int tmpfd;

  if ((tmpfd = rb_cloexec_open(StringValueCStr(path), 0, 0)) < 0) {
      rb_sys_fail_path(path);
  }
        rb_update_max_fd(tmpfd);
  if (chsize(tmpfd, pos) < 0) {
      int e = errno;
      close(tmpfd);
      rb_syserr_fail_path(e, path);
  }
  close(tmpfd);
    }
#endif
    return INT2FIX(0);
#undef NUM2POS
}

.umask ⇒ Integer .umask(integer) ⇒ Integer

Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the previous value. Umask values are subtracted from the default permissions, so a umask of 0222 would make a file read-only for everyone.

File.umask(0006)   #=> 18
File.umask         #=> 6

Overloads:



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# File 'file.c', line 2891

static VALUE
rb_file_s_umask(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    int omask = 0;

    if (argc == 0) {
  omask = umask(0);
  umask(omask);
    }
    else if (argc == 1) {
  omask = umask(NUM2INT(argv[0]));
    }
    else {
  rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
    }
    return INT2FIX(omask);
}

.delete(file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer .unlink(file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.

Overloads:



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# File 'file.c', line 2825

static VALUE
rb_file_s_unlink(VALUE klass, VALUE args)
{
    long n;

    n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.utime(atime, mtime, file_name, ...) ⇒ Integer

Sets the access and modification times of each named file to the first two arguments. Returns the number of file names in the argument list.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2640

static VALUE
rb_file_s_utime(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE rest;
    struct utime_args args;
    struct timespec tss[2], *tsp = NULL;
    long n;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &args.atime, &args.mtime, &rest);

    if (!NIL_P(args.atime) || !NIL_P(args.mtime)) {
  tsp = tss;
  tsp[0] = rb_time_timespec(args.atime);
  if (args.atime == args.mtime)
      tsp[1] = tsp[0];
  else
      tsp[1] = rb_time_timespec(args.mtime);
    }
    args.tsp = tsp;

    n = apply2files(utime_internal, rest, &args);
    return LONG2FIX(n);
}

.world_readable?(file_name) ⇒ Fixnum?

If file_name is readable by others, returns an integer representing the file permission bits of file_name. Returns nil otherwise. The meaning of the bits is platform dependent; on Unix systems, see stat(2).

file_name can be an IO object.

File.world_readable?("/etc/passwd")     #=> 420
m = File.world_readable?("/etc/passwd")
sprintf("%o", m)            #=> "644"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 1589

static VALUE
rb_file_world_readable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IROTH
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
    if ((st.st_mode & (S_IROTH)) == S_IROTH) {
  return UINT2NUM(st.st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.world_writable?(file_name) ⇒ Fixnum?

If file_name is writable by others, returns an integer representing the file permission bits of file_name. Returns nil otherwise. The meaning of the bits is platform dependent; on Unix systems, see stat(2).

file_name can be an IO object.

File.world_writable?("/tmp")        #=> 511
m = File.world_writable?("/tmp")
sprintf("%o", m)            #=> "777"

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 1653

static VALUE
rb_file_world_writable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
#ifdef S_IWOTH
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil;
    if ((st.st_mode & (S_IWOTH)) == S_IWOTH) {
  return UINT2NUM(st.st_mode & (S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO|S_IXUGO));
    }
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

.writable?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is writable by the effective user and group id of this process. See eaccess(3).

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1611

static VALUE
rb_file_writable_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.writable_real?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file is writable by the real user and group id of this process. See access(3)

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1628

static VALUE
rb_file_writable_real_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    FilePathValue(fname);
    fname = rb_str_encode_ospath(fname);
    if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse;
    return Qtrue;
}

.zero?(file_name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the named file exists and has a zero size.

file_name can be an IO object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'file.c', line 1737

static VALUE
rb_file_zero_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    struct stat st;

    if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse;
    if (st.st_size == 0) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

Instance Method Details

#atime ⇒ Time

Returns the last access time (a Time object)

for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed.

  File.new("testfile").atime   #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2070

static VALUE
rb_file_atime(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return stat_atime(&st);
}

#birthtime ⇒ Time

Returns the birth time for file.

File.new("testfile").birthtime   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003

If the platform doesn’t have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2230

static VALUE
rb_file_birthtime(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return stat_birthtime(&st);
}

#chmod(mode_int) ⇒ 0

Changes permission bits on file to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Follows symbolic links. Also see File#lchmod.

f = File.new("out", "w");
f.chmod(0644)   #=> 0

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 2320

static VALUE
rb_file_chmod(VALUE obj, VALUE vmode)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    int mode;
#if !defined HAVE_FCHMOD || !HAVE_FCHMOD
    VALUE path;
#endif

    mode = NUM2INT(vmode);

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
#ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
    if (fchmod(fptr->fd, mode) == -1) {
  if (HAVE_FCHMOD || errno != ENOSYS)
      rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    else {
  if (!HAVE_FCHMOD) return INT2FIX(0);
    }
#endif
#if !defined HAVE_FCHMOD || !HAVE_FCHMOD
    if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
    path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
    if (chmod(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

#chown(owner_int, group_int) ⇒ 0

Changes the owner and group of file to the given numeric owner and group id’s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file’s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows symbolic links. See also File#lchown.

File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000)

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 2462

static VALUE
rb_file_chown(VALUE obj, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    rb_uid_t o;
    rb_gid_t g;
#ifndef HAVE_FCHOWN
    VALUE path;
#endif

    o = to_uid(owner);
    g = to_gid(group);
    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
#ifndef HAVE_FCHOWN
    if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
    path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
    if (chown(RSTRING_PTR(path), o, g) == -1)
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#else
    if (fchown(fptr->fd, o, g) == -1)
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

#ctime ⇒ Time

Returns the change time for file (that is, the time directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).

Note that on Windows (NTFS), returns creation time (birth time).

File.new("testfile").ctime   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2173

static VALUE
rb_file_ctime(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return stat_ctime(&st);
}

#flock(locking_constant) ⇒ 0, false

Locks or unlocks a file according to locking_constant (a logical or of the values in the table below). Returns false if File::LOCK_NB is specified and the operation would otherwise have blocked. Not available on all platforms.

Locking constants (in class File):

LOCK_EX   | Exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an
          | exclusive lock for a given file at a time.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_NB   | Don't block when locking. May be combined
          | with other lock options using logical or.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_SH   | Shared lock. Multiple processes may each hold a
          | shared lock for a given file at the same time.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_UN   | Unlock.

Example:

# update a counter using write lock
# don't use "w" because it truncates the file before lock.
File.open("counter", File::RDWR|File::CREAT, 0644) {|f|
  f.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
  value = f.read.to_i + 1
  f.rewind
  f.write("#{value}\n")
  f.flush
  f.truncate(f.pos)
}

# read the counter using read lock
File.open("counter", "r") {|f|
  f.flock(File::LOCK_SH)
  p f.read
}

Returns:

  • (0, false) 


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# File 'file.c', line 4587

static VALUE
rb_file_flock(VALUE obj, VALUE operation)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    int op[2], op1;
    struct timeval time;

    op[1] = op1 = NUM2INT(operation);
    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    op[0] = fptr->fd;

    if (fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
  rb_io_flush_raw(obj, 0);
    }
    while ((int)rb_thread_io_blocking_region(rb_thread_flock, op, fptr->fd) < 0) {
  int e = errno;
  switch (e) {
    case EAGAIN:
    case EACCES:
#if defined(EWOULDBLOCK) && EWOULDBLOCK != EAGAIN
    case EWOULDBLOCK:
#endif
      if (op1 & LOCK_NB) return Qfalse;

      time.tv_sec = 0;
      time.tv_usec = 100 * 1000; /* 0.1 sec */
      rb_thread_wait_for(time);
      rb_io_check_closed(fptr);
      continue;

    case EINTR:
#if defined(ERESTART)
    case ERESTART:
#endif
      break;

    default:
      rb_syserr_fail_path(e, fptr->pathv);
  }
    }
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

#lstat ⇒ Object

Same as IO#stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.

File.symlink("testfile", "link2test")   #=> 0
File.stat("testfile").size              #=> 66
f = File.new("link2test")
f.lstat.size                            #=> 8
f.stat.size                             #=> 66



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# File 'file.c', line 1170

static VALUE
rb_file_lstat(VALUE obj)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;
    VALUE path;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
    path = rb_str_encode_ospath(fptr->pathv);
    if (lstat(RSTRING_PTR(path), &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return rb_stat_new(&st);
#else
    return rb_io_stat(obj);
#endif
}

#mtime ⇒ Time

Returns the modification time for file.

File.new("testfile").mtime   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2118

static VALUE
rb_file_mtime(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return stat_mtime(&st);
}

#path ⇒ Object #to_path ⇒ Object

Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.

File.new("testfile").path               #=> "testfile"
File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path   #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"



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# File 'file.c', line 367

static VALUE
rb_file_path(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;

    fptr = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr;
    rb_io_check_initialized(fptr);
    if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
    return rb_obj_taint(rb_str_dup(fptr->pathv));
}

#size ⇒ Integer

Returns the size of file in bytes.

File.new("testfile").size   #=> 66

Returns:



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# File 'file.c', line 2256

static VALUE
rb_file_size(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
    struct stat st;

    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE) {
  rb_io_flush_raw(obj, 0);
    }
    if (fstat(fptr->fd, &st) == -1) {
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
    }
    return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size);
}

#path ⇒ Object #to_path ⇒ Object

Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.

File.new("testfile").path               #=> "testfile"
File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path   #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"



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# File 'file.c', line 367

static VALUE
rb_file_path(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;

    fptr = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr;
    rb_io_check_initialized(fptr);
    if (NIL_P(fptr->pathv)) return Qnil;
    return rb_obj_taint(rb_str_dup(fptr->pathv));
}

#truncate(integer) ⇒ 0

Truncates file to at most integer bytes. The file must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms.

f = File.new("out", "w")
f.syswrite("1234567890")   #=> 10
f.truncate(5)              #=> 0
f.close()                  #=> nil
File.size("out")           #=> 5

Returns:

  • (0) 


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# File 'file.c', line 4477

static VALUE
rb_file_truncate(VALUE obj, VALUE len)
{
    rb_io_t *fptr;
#if defined(HAVE_FTRUNCATE)
#define NUM2POS(n) NUM2OFFT(n)
    off_t pos;
#else
#define NUM2POS(n) NUM2LONG(n)
    long pos;
#endif

    pos = NUM2POS(len);
    GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
    if (!(fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE)) {
  rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "not opened for writing");
    }
    rb_io_flush_raw(obj, 0);
#ifdef HAVE_FTRUNCATE
    if (ftruncate(fptr->fd, pos) < 0)
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#else /* defined(HAVE_CHSIZE) */
    if (chsize(fptr->fd, pos) < 0)
  rb_sys_fail_path(fptr->pathv);
#endif
    return INT2FIX(0);
#undef NUM2POS
}