Class: MicroCisc::Vm::Processor

Inherits:
Device
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb

Overview

Many of the coding decisions made in here are for performance reasons:

  1. Mostly one big class, avoiding object creation and referencing
  2. More verbose programming style in some cases
  3. Optimized/strange bitwise math for performance/avoiding ruby magic
  4. Some strange branching structures to shortcut common paths
  5. Few accessor methods, prefer instance vars
  6. Little runtime error checking

Performance isn't a deal breaker, but 1+ MIPS, roughly speaking, gives me a few times the MIPS of an original 6502 which puts me in the ball park of where I need to be to do some real programming. We just want something reasonable for debuging and doing some real coding, actual hardware will leave this in the dust most likely.

Constant Summary collapse

OP_MASK = 
0x8000
EFFECT_MASK = 
0x6000
DESTINATION_MASK = 
0x1C00
SOURCE_MASK = 
0x0380
ALU_OP_MASK = 
0x000F
IMMEDIATE_MASK = 
0x0030
INCREMENT_MASK = 
0x0040
IMMEDIATE_SIGN_MASK = 
0x0020
OP_SHIFT = 
15
EFFECT_SHIFT = 
13
DESTINATION_SHIFT = 
10
SOURCE_SHIFT = 
7
NEGATIVE_MASK = 
0x0004
ZERO_MASK = 
0x0002
OVERFLOW_MASK = 
0x0001
SIGNED_MODE_FLAG = 
0x0100
HALT_MODE_FLAG = 
0x0200
SIGN_BIT = 
0x8000
PAGE_MASK = 
0xFFC0
MEM_ARGS = 
[1, 2, 3]

Constants inherited from Device

Device::TYPE_BLOCK_IO, Device::TYPE_BLOCK_MEMORY, Device::TYPE_HID, Device::TYPE_INVALID, Device::TYPE_PROCESSOR, Device::TYPE_SERIAL, Device::TYPE_TERMINAL

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Attributes inherited from Device

#id

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from Device

#bank_index=, #banked?, #devices=, #handle_control_read, #read_control, #read_mem, #write_control, #write_mem

Constructor Details

#initialize(id, local_blocks, rom_blocks = []) ⇒ Processor

Returns a new instance of Processor.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 47

def initialize(id, local_blocks, rom_blocks = [])
  super(id, 1, local_blocks, rom_blocks)

  @registers = [0, 0, 0, 0]
  @pc = 0
  @flags = 0
  @overflow = 0
  @debug = false
  @run = false
  @pc_modified = false
  @count = 0
  @clocks_per_second = 200_000
end

Instance Attribute Details

#control ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute control.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 45

def control
  @control
end

#count ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute count.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 45

def count
  @count
end

#debug ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute debug.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 44

def debug
  @debug
end

#flags ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute flags.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 44

def flags
  @flags
end

#overflow ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute overflow.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 44

def overflow
  @overflow
end

#pc ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute pc.



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 45

def pc
  @pc
end

Instance Method Details

#compute(alu_code, arg1, arg2, update_flags) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 225

def compute(alu_code, arg1, arg2, update_flags)
  overflow = 0
  overflow_reg = 0

  case alu_code
  when 0x00
    # INV
    value = (arg1 & 0xFFFF) ^ 0xFFFF
  when 0x01
    # AND
    value = arg2 & arg1
  when 0x02
    # OR
    value = arg2 | arg1
  when 0x03
    # XOR
    value = arg2 ^ arg1
  when 0x04
    # Negate (2's compliment)
    value = -1 * arg1
  when 0x05
    # Shift left, zero extend
    value = arg2 << arg1
    overflow_reg = (value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16
    value = value & 0xFFFF
  when 0x06
    # Shift right, repsect signed mode
    overflow_mask = ~(-1 << arg1) & 0xFFFF
    overflow_reg = arg2 & overflow_mask
    overflow_reg >> (arg1 - 16) if arg1 > 16

    if @control & SIGNED_MODE_FLAG == 0
      value = (arg2 & 0xFFFF) >> arg1
    else
      value = arg2 >> arg1
    end
  when 0x07
    # Swap MSB and LSB bytes
    value = ((arg1 & 0xFF00) >> 8) | ((arg1 & 0x00FF) << 8)
  when 0x08
    # Zero LSB
    value = arg1 & 0xFF00
  when 0x09
    # Zero MSB
    value = arg1 & 0x00FF
  when 0x0A,0x0B
    arg1 = (arg1 ^ 0xFFFF) + 1 if alu_code == 0x0B
    value = (arg1 & 0xFFFF) + (arg2 & 0xFFFF)
    # Add, respect signed mode
    if @control & SIGNED_MODE_FLAG == 0
      if value > 0xFFFF
        overflow = 1
        overflow_reg = 1
      end
    else
      if ((arg1 & SIGN_BIT) == (arg2 & SIGN_BIT)) &&
          ((arg1 & SIGN_BIT) != (value & SIGN_BIT))
        overflow = 1
        overflow_reg = (value & 0xFFFF0000 >> 16) & 0xFFFF
      end
    end
    value = value & 0xFFFF
  when 0x0C
    if @control & SIGNED_MODE_FLAG == 0
      arg1 = ~(~arg1 & 0xFFFF) if arg1 & SIGN_BIT != 0
      arg2 = ~(~arg2 & 0xFFFF) if arg2 & SIGN_BIT != 0
    end
    value = arg1 * arg2
    overflow_reg = (value & 0xFFFF0000 >> 16) & 0xFFFF
    if ((overflow_reg & SIGN_BIT) == (value & SIGN_BIT)) &&
        overflow_reg == 0xFFFF
      # There was no actual overflow, it's just the sign extension
      overflow = 0 
    else
      overflow = 1
    end
    value = value & 0xFFFF
  when 0x0D
    if @control & SIGNED_MODE_FLAG == 0
      arg1 = ~(~arg1 & 0xFFFF) if arg1 & SIGN_BIT != 0
      arg2 = ~(~arg2 & 0xFFFF) if arg2 & SIGN_BIT != 0
    end
    value = arg2 / arg1
    overflow_reg = arg2 % arg1
    value = value & 0xFFFF
  when 0x0E
    value = arg1 & PAGE_MASK
  when 0x0F
    value = arg1 + @overflow
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported ALU code #{alu_code.to_s(16).upcase}"
  end

  zero = value == 0 ? 1 : 0
  negative = (value & 0x8000) == 0 ? 0 : 1

  if update_flags
    flags =
      (overflow * OVERFLOW_MASK) |
      (zero * ZERO_MASK) |
      (negative * NEGATIVE_MASK)
    @flags = flags
    @overflow = overflow_reg
  end
  value & 0xFFFF
end

#compute_result(is_copy, source, destination, immediates, alu, update_flags) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 192

def compute_result(is_copy, source, destination, immediates, alu, update_flags)
  source_value = source_value(source, immediates.first)
  if is_copy
    source_value
  else
    dest_immediate = immediates.size > 1 ? immediates.last : 0
    destination_value = destination_value(destination, dest_immediate)
    compute(alu, source_value, destination_value, update_flags)
  end
end

#destination_value(destination, immediate) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 148

def destination_value(destination, immediate)
  case destination
  when 0
    @pc
  when 1,2,3
    read_mem(@id, (@registers[destination] + immediate) & 0xFFFF)
  when 4
    @control
  else
    @registers[destination - 4]
  end
end

#do_command(prefix = '') ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 367

def do_command(prefix = '')
  return unless @debug
  $stdout.print "#{prefix}> "
  command = $stdin.readline
  exit(1) if /exit/.match(command)
  @debug = true if /debug|n|next/.match(command)
  @debug = false if /c|continue/.match(command)
  MicroCisc.logger.info(stack_string) if /stack/.match(command)
  byebug if /break/.match(command)
end

#exec_instruction(word) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 161

def exec_instruction(word)
  source = (word & SOURCE_MASK) >> SOURCE_SHIFT
  destination = (word & DESTINATION_MASK) >> DESTINATION_SHIFT
  effect = (word & EFFECT_MASK) >> EFFECT_SHIFT

  signed = !MEM_ARGS.include?(source)
  inc_is_immediate = signed && !MEM_ARGS.include?(destination)
  is_copy = (word & OP_MASK) == 0
  half_width = is_copy && MEM_ARGS.include?(source) && MEM_ARGS.include?(destination)
  immediates = extract_immediates(word, is_copy, inc_is_immediate, signed, half_width)

  alu = word & ALU_OP_MASK
  result = compute_result(is_copy, source, destination, immediates, alu, true)

  return false unless store?(@flags, effect)

  push = !inc_is_immediate && (word & INCREMENT_MASK) > 0
  store_result(result, source, destination, immediates, push, 0)

  # Detect halt instruction
  if immediates.first == 0 && source == 0 && destination == 0
    if alu == 0
      return 1
    else
      @pc += 1
      return 2
    end
  end
  0
end

#extract_immediates(word, is_copy, inc_is_immediate, signed, half_width) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 94

def extract_immediates(word, is_copy, inc_is_immediate, signed, half_width)
  if is_copy
    immediate_mask = IMMEDIATE_MASK | ALU_OP_MASK
    immediate_shift = 0
  else
    immediate_mask = IMMEDIATE_MASK
    immediate_shift = 4
  end

  sign_mask = IMMEDIATE_SIGN_MASK
  if inc_is_immediate
    sign_mask = INCREMENT_MASK
    immediate_mask = immediate_mask | INCREMENT_MASK
  end

  if signed && ((word & sign_mask) != 0)
    # Fancy bit inverse for high performance sign extend
    [~(~(word & immediate_mask) & immediate_mask) >> immediate_shift]
  elsif half_width
    [
      (word & immediate_mask) >> (immediate_shift + 3),
      (word & (immediate_mask >> 3)) >> immediate_shift
    ]
  else
    [(word & immediate_mask) >> immediate_shift]
  end
end

#format_data(data) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 378

def format_data(data)
  data.map { |w| '%04X' % w }.join(' ').gsub(/(([0-9A-Za-z]{4} ){16})/, "\\1\n")
end

#halt ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 382

def halt
  delta = (Time.now - @t0)
  MicroCisc.logger.info("HALT: #{@count} instructions in #{delta}s")
  MicroCisc.logger.info("Stack: " + stack_string)

  @run = false
end

#handle_control_update(address, value) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 61

def handle_control_update(address, value)
  if address == 0x7
    self.pc = value
  elsif address == 0x8
    set_register(1, value)
  elsif address == 0x9
    set_register(2, value)
  elsif address == 0xA
    set_register(3, value)
  elsif address == 0xB
    @flags = value & 0xFFFF
  elsif address == 0xC
    self.control = value
  end
end

#register(id) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 86

def register(id)
  @registers[id]
end

#run ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 338

def run
  @t0 = Time.now
  @count = 0
  while(@run) do
    word = read_mem(@id, @pc, true)
    if @debug
      # Pause before executing next command
      do_command("#{'%04x' % [@pc]} #{ucisc(word)} ")
    end
    special = exec_instruction(word)
    if special != 0
      halt if special == 1
      @debug = true if special == 2
    end
    if @pc_modified
      @pc_modified = false
    else
      @pc += 1
    end
    @count += 1

    allowed_count = (Time.now - @t0) * @clocks_per_second
    while @count >= allowed_count
      sleep(1.0 / @clocks_per_second)
      allowed_count = (Time.now - @t0) * @clocks_per_second
    end
  end
end

#set_register(id, value) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 90

def set_register(id, value)
  @registers[id] = value
end

#source_value(source, immediate) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 135

def source_value(source, immediate)
  case source
  when 0
    (@pc + immediate) & 0xFFFF
  when 1,2,3
    read_mem(@id, (@registers[source] + immediate) & 0xFFFF)
  when 4
    immediate
  else
    (@registers[source - 4] + immediate) & 0xFFFF
  end
end

#stack_string ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 390

def stack_string
  address = @registers[1] & 0xFFFF
  str = "#{'%04X' % address} => "
  while(address > 0xFF00 && address < 0x10000 && address - (0xFFFF & @registers[1]) < 10)
    str += "0x#{'%04X' % read_mem(@id, address)} "
    address += 1
  end
  str
end

#start(debug = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 332

def start(debug = false)
  @debug = debug
  @run = true
  run
end

#store?(flags, effect) ⇒ Boolean

  • 0 = zero?
  • 1 = not zero?
  • 2 = negative?
  • 3 = store

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 126

def store?(flags, effect)
  return true if effect == 3 # handle the common case quickly

  zero = flags & ZERO_MASK != 0
  (effect == 0 && zero) ||
    (effect == 1 && !zero) ||
    (effect == 2 && (flags & NEGATIVE_MASK != 0))
end

#store_result(value, source, destination, immediates, push, sign) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 203

def store_result(value, source, destination, immediates, push, sign)
  case destination
  when 0
    @pc = value
    @pc_modified = true
  when 1,2,3
    if push
      @registers[destination] = (@registers[destination] - 1) & 0xFFFF
    end
    imm = immediates.size > 1 ? immediates.last : 0
    address = @registers[destination] + imm
    write_mem(@id, address, value)
  when 4
    self.control = value
  else
    @registers[destination - 4] = value
  end
  if push && !MEM_ARGS.include?(destination) && MEM_ARGS.include?(source)
    @registers[source] = (@registers[source] + 1) & 0xFFFF
  end
end

#ucisc(word) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/micro_cisc/vm/processor.rb', line 400

def ucisc(word)
  source = (word & SOURCE_MASK) >> SOURCE_SHIFT
  destination = (word & DESTINATION_MASK) >> DESTINATION_SHIFT
  effect = (word & EFFECT_MASK) >> EFFECT_SHIFT

  src =
    if source == 0
      '0.reg'
    elsif source < 4
      "#{source}.mem"
    elsif source == 4
      '4.val'
    else
      "#{source - 4}.reg"
    end

  dest =
    if destination == 0
      '0.reg'
    elsif destination < 4
      "#{destination}.mem"
    elsif destination == 4
      '4.reg'
    else
      "#{destination - 4}.reg"
    end

  # Eh?
  signed = !MEM_ARGS.include?(source)
  inc_is_immediate = signed && !MEM_ARGS.include?(destination)
  is_copy = (word & OP_MASK) == 0
  half_width = is_copy && MEM_ARGS.include?(source) && MEM_ARGS.include?(destination)
  immediates = extract_immediates(word, is_copy, inc_is_immediate, signed, half_width)

  value = source_value(source, immediates.first)
  store = store?(@flags, effect)

  alu = word & ALU_OP_MASK
  result = compute_result(is_copy, source, destination, immediates, alu, true)
  alu = is_copy ? '' : "0x#{alu.to_s(16).upcase}.op "

  imm0 = immediates.first < 0 ? "-#{(immediates.first * -1)}.imm" : "#{immediates.first}.imm"
  imm1 =
    if half_width
      immediates.last < 0 ? "-#{(immediates.last * -1)}.imm " : "#{immediates.last}.imm "
    else
      ""
    end
  eff = "#{effect}.eff"
  push = !inc_is_immediate && (word & INCREMENT_MASK) > 0
  push = push ? 'push ' : ''
  ins = is_copy ? 'copy' : 'compute'


  "Stack: #{stack_string}\n#{ins} #{alu}#{src} #{imm0} #{dest} #{imm1}#{eff} #{push}# value: #{value} (0x#{'%04x' % (value & 0xFFFF)}), result: #{result} (0x#{'%04x' % (result & 0xFFFF)}), #{'not ' if !store}stored"
end