Module: Split::Zscore

Includes:
Math
Included in:
Alternative
Defined in:
lib/split/zscore.rb

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.calculate(p1, n1, p2, n2) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/split/zscore.rb', line 7

def self.calculate(p1, n1, p2, n2)
  # p_1 = Pa = proportion of users who converted within the experiment split (conversion rate)
  # p_2 = Pc = proportion of users who converted within the control split (conversion rate)
  # n_1 = Na = the number of impressions within the experiment split
  # n_2 = Nc = the number of impressions within the control split
  # s_1 = SEa = standard error of p_1, the estiamte of the mean
  # s_2 = SEc = standard error of p_2, the estimate of the control
  # s_p = SEp = standard error of p_1 - p_2, assuming a pooled variance
  # s_unp = SEunp = standard error of p_1 - p_2, assuming unpooled variance

  p_1 = p1.to_f
  p_2 = p2.to_f

  n_1 = n1.to_f
  n_2 = n2.to_f

  # Perform checks on data to make sure we can validly run our confidence tests
  if n_1 < 30 || n_2 < 30
    error = "Needs 30+ participants."
    return error
  elsif p_1 * n_1 < 5 || p_2 * n_2 < 5
    error = "Needs 5+ conversions."
    return error
  end

  # Formula for standard error: root(pq/n) = root(p(1-p)/n)
  s_1 = Math.sqrt((p_1)*(1-p_1)/(n_1))
  s_2 = Math.sqrt((p_2)*(1-p_2)/(n_2))

  # Formula for pooled error of the difference of the means: root(π*(1-π)*(1/na+1/nc)
  # π = (xa + xc) / (na + nc)
  pi = (p_1*n_1 + p_2*n_2)/(n_1 + n_2)
  s_p = Math.sqrt(pi*(1-pi)*(1/n_1 + 1/n_2))

  # Formula for unpooled error of the difference of the means: root(sa**2/na + sc**2/nc)
  s_unp = Math.sqrt(s_1**2 + s_2**2)

  # Boolean variable decides whether we can pool our variances
  pooled = s_1/s_2 < 2 && s_2/s_1 < 2

  # Assign standard error either the pooled or unpooled variance
  se = pooled ? s_p : s_unp

  # Calculate z-score
  z_score = (p_1 - p_2)/(se)

  return z_score

end