Module: Sequel::Model::ClassMethods

Included in:
Sequel::Model
Defined in:
lib/sequel/model/base.rb

Overview

Class methods for Sequel::Model that implement basic model functionality.

  • All of the following methods have class methods created that send the method to the model’s dataset: all, as_hash, avg, count, cross_join, distinct, each, each_server, empty?, except, exclude, exclude_having, fetch_rows, filter, first, first!, for_update, from, from_self, full_join, full_outer_join, get, graph, grep, group, group_and_count, group_append, group_by, having, import, inner_join, insert, intersect, invert, join, join_table, last, left_join, left_outer_join, limit, lock_style, map, max, min, multi_insert, naked, natural_full_join, natural_join, natural_left_join, natural_right_join, offset, order, order_append, order_by, order_more, order_prepend, paged_each, qualify, reverse, reverse_order, right_join, right_outer_join, select, select_all, select_append, select_group, select_hash, select_hash_groups, select_map, select_more, select_order_map, server, single_record, single_record!, single_value, single_value!, sum, to_hash, to_hash_groups, truncate, unfiltered, ungraphed, ungrouped, union, unlimited, unordered, where, where_all, where_each, where_single_value, with, with_recursive, with_sql

Constant Summary collapse

FINDER_TYPES = 
[:first, :all, :each, :get].freeze

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Details

#allowed_columns ⇒ Object (readonly)

Which columns should be the only columns allowed in a call to a mass assignment method (e.g. set) (default: not set, so all columns not otherwise restricted are allowed).



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 27

def allowed_columns
  @allowed_columns
end

#cache_anonymous_models ⇒ Object

Whether to cache the anonymous models created by Sequel::Model(). This is required for reloading them correctly (avoiding the superclass mismatch). True by default for backwards compatibility.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 32

def cache_anonymous_models
  @cache_anonymous_models
end

#dataset_method_modules ⇒ Object (readonly)

Array of modules that extend this model’s dataset. Stored so that if the model’s dataset is changed, it will be extended with all of these modules.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 37

def dataset_method_modules
  @dataset_method_modules
end

#dataset_module_class ⇒ Object (readonly)

The Module subclass to use for dataset_module blocks.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 40

def dataset_module_class
  @dataset_module_class
end

#default_set_fields_options ⇒ Object

The default options to use for Model#set_fields. These are merged with the options given to set_fields.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 44

def default_set_fields_options
  @default_set_fields_options
end

#fast_instance_delete_sql ⇒ Object (readonly)

SQL string fragment used for faster DELETE statement creation when deleting/destroying model instances, or nil if the optimization should not be used. For internal use only.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 48

def fast_instance_delete_sql
  @fast_instance_delete_sql
end

#fast_pk_lookup_sql ⇒ Object (readonly)

SQL string fragment used for faster lookups by primary key, or nil if the optimization should not be used. For internal use only.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 52

def fast_pk_lookup_sql
  @fast_pk_lookup_sql
end

#instance_dataset ⇒ Object (readonly)

The dataset that instance datasets (#this) are based on. Generally a naked version of the model’s dataset limited to one row. For internal use only.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 56

def instance_dataset
  @instance_dataset
end

#plugins ⇒ Object (readonly)

Array of plugin modules loaded by this class

Sequel::Model.plugins
# => [Sequel::Model, Sequel::Model::Associations]



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 62

def plugins
  @plugins
end

#primary_key ⇒ Object (readonly)

The primary key for the class. Sequel can determine this automatically for many databases, but not all, so you may need to set it manually. If not determined automatically, the default is :id.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 67

def primary_key
  @primary_key
end

#raise_on_save_failure ⇒ Object

Whether to raise an error instead of returning nil on a failure to save/create/save_changes/update/destroy due to a validation failure or a before_* hook returning false (default: true).



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 72

def raise_on_save_failure
  @raise_on_save_failure
end

#raise_on_typecast_failure ⇒ Object

Whether to raise an error when unable to typecast data for a column (default: false). This should be set to true if you want to have model setter methods raise errors if the argument cannot be typecast properly.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 77

def raise_on_typecast_failure
  @raise_on_typecast_failure
end

#require_modification ⇒ Object

Whether to raise an error if an UPDATE or DELETE query related to a model instance does not modify exactly 1 row. If set to false, Sequel will not check the number of rows modified (default: true).



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 82

def require_modification
  @require_modification
end

#require_valid_table ⇒ Object

Requires that all models have valid tables, raising exceptions if creating a model without a valid table backing it. Enabling this will break code like:

class Foo < Sequel::Model
  set_dataset :my_foo
end

As when Sequel::Model is subclassed, before set_dataset is executed, it will try to get the schema for the foos table, which will raise an exception. You would need to switch to using:

class Foo < Sequel::Model(:my_foo)
end

or:

Foo = Class.new(Sequel::Model)
Foo.set_dataset :my_foo



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 102

def require_valid_table
  @require_valid_table
end

#simple_pk ⇒ Object

Should be the literal primary key column name if this Model’s table has a simple primary key, or nil if the model has a compound primary key or no primary key.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 106

def simple_pk
  @simple_pk
end

#simple_table ⇒ Object

Should be the literal table name if this Model’s dataset is a simple table (no select, order, join, etc.), or nil otherwise. This and simple_pk are used for an optimization in Model.[].



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 110

def simple_table
  @simple_table
end

#strict_param_setting ⇒ Object

Whether new/set/update and their variants should raise an error if an invalid key is used. A key is invalid if no setter method exists for that key or the access to the setter method is restricted (e.g. due to it being a primary key field). If set to false, silently skip any key where the setter method doesn’t exist or access to it is restricted.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 117

def strict_param_setting
  @strict_param_setting
end

#typecast_empty_string_to_nil ⇒ Object

Whether to typecast the empty string (”) to nil for columns that are not string or blob. In most cases the empty string would be the way to specify a NULL SQL value in string form (nil.to_s == ”), and an empty string would not usually be typecast correctly for other types, so the default is true.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 124

def typecast_empty_string_to_nil
  @typecast_empty_string_to_nil
end

#typecast_on_assignment ⇒ Object

Whether to typecast attribute values on assignment (default: true). If set to false, no typecasting is done, so it will be left up to the database to typecast the value correctly.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 129

def typecast_on_assignment
  @typecast_on_assignment
end

#use_after_commit_rollback ⇒ Object

Whether to enable the after_commit and after_rollback hooks when saving/destroying instances. On by default, can be turned off for performance reasons or when using prepared transactions (which aren’t compatible with after commit/rollback).



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 134

def use_after_commit_rollback
  @use_after_commit_rollback
end

#use_transactions ⇒ Object

Whether to use a transaction by default when saving/deleting records (default: true). If you are sending database queries in before_* or after_* hooks, you shouldn’t change the default setting without a good reason.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 139

def use_transactions
  @use_transactions
end

Instance Method Details

#<<(arg) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 240

def <<(arg)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.<<", "Switch to using #insert")
  dataset << (arg)
end

#[](*args) ⇒ Object

Returns the first record from the database matching the conditions. If a hash is given, it is used as the conditions. If another object is given, it finds the first record whose primary key(s) match the given argument(s). If no object is returned by the dataset, returns nil.

Artist[1] # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE id = 1
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>

Artist[:name=>'Bob'] # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1
# => #<Artist {:name=>'Bob', ...}>



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 255

def [](*args)
  args = args.first if args.size <= 1
  args.is_a?(Hash) ? first(args) : (primary_key_lookup(args) unless args.nil?)
end

#call(values) ⇒ Object

Initializes a model instance as an existing record. This constructor is used by Sequel to initialize model instances when fetching records. Requires that values be a hash where all keys are symbols. It probably should not be used by external code.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 264

def call(values)
  o = allocate
  o.instance_variable_set(:@values, values)
  o
end

#clear_setter_methods_cache ⇒ Object

Clear the setter_methods cache



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 271

def clear_setter_methods_cache
  @setter_methods = nil unless frozen?
end

#columns ⇒ Object

Returns the columns in the result set in their original order. Generally, this will use the columns determined via the database schema, but in certain cases (e.g. models that are based on a joined dataset) it will use Dataset#columns to find the columns.

Artist.columns
# => [:id, :name]



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 282

def columns
  return @columns if @columns
  return nil if frozen?
  set_columns(dataset.naked.columns)
end

#create(values = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Creates instance using new with the given values and block, and saves it.

Artist.create(:name=>'Bob')
# INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob')

Artist.create do |a|
  a.name = 'Jim'
end # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Jim')



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 296

def create(values = {}, &block)
  new(values, &block).save
end

#dataset ⇒ Object

Returns the dataset associated with the Model class. Raises an Error if there is no associated dataset for this class. In most cases, you don’t need to call this directly, as Model proxies many dataset methods to the underlying dataset.

Artist.dataset.all # SELECT * FROM artists



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 306

def dataset
  @dataset || raise(Error, "No dataset associated with #{self}")
end

#dataset=(ds) ⇒ Object

Alias of set_dataset



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 311

def dataset=(ds)
  set_dataset(ds)
end

#dataset_module(mod = nil) ⇒ Object

Extend the dataset with a module, similar to adding a plugin with the methods defined in DatasetMethods. This is the recommended way to add methods to model datasets.

If an argument, it should be a module, and is used to extend the underlying dataset. Otherwise an anonymous module is created, and if a block is given, it is module_evaled, allowing you do define dataset methods directly using the standard ruby def syntax. Returns the module given or the anonymous module created.

# Usage with existing module
Album.dataset_module Sequel::ColumnsIntrospection

# Usage with anonymous module
Album.dataset_module do
  def foo
    :bar
  end
end
Album.dataset.foo
# => :bar
Album.foo
# => :bar

Any anonymous modules created are actually instances of Sequel::Model::DatasetModule (a Module subclass), which allows you to call the subset method on them, which defines a dataset method that adds a filter. There are also a number of other methods with the same names as the dataset methods, which can use to define named dataset methods:

Album.dataset_module do
  subset :released, Sequel.identifier(release_date) <= Sequel::CURRENT_DATE
  order :by_release_date, :release_date
  select :for_select_options, :id, :name, :release_date
end
Album.released.sql
# => "SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (release_date <= CURRENT_DATE)"
Album.by_release_date.sql
# => "SELECT * FROM artists ORDER BY release_date"
Album.for_select_options.sql
# => "SELECT id, name, release_date FROM artists"
Album.released.by_release_date.for_select_options.sql
# => "SELECT id, name, release_date FROM artists WHERE (release_date <= CURRENT_DATE) ORDER BY release_date"

The following methods are supported: distinct, eager, exclude, exclude_having, grep, group, group_and_count, group_append, having, limit, offset, order, order_append, order_prepend, select, select_all, select_append, select_group, where, and server.

Any public methods in the dataset module will have class methods created that call the method on the dataset, assuming that the class method is not already defined.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 366

def dataset_module(mod = nil)
  if mod
    raise Error, "can't provide both argument and block to Model.dataset_module" if block_given?
    dataset_extend(mod)
    mod
  else
    @dataset_module ||= dataset_module_class.new(self)
    @dataset_module.module_eval(&Proc.new) if block_given?
    dataset_extend(@dataset_module)
    @dataset_module
  end
end

#db ⇒ Object

Returns the database associated with the Model class. If this model doesn’t have a database associated with it, assumes the superclass’s database, or the first object in Sequel::DATABASES. If no Sequel::Database object has been created, raises an error.

Artist.db.transaction do # BEGIN
  Artist.create(:name=>'Bob')
  # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob')
end # COMMIT

Raises:



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 389

def db
  return @db if @db
  @db = self == Model ? Sequel.synchronize{DATABASES.first} : superclass.db
  raise(Error, "No database associated with #{self}: have you called Sequel.connect or #{self}.db= ?") unless @db
  @db
end

#db=(db) ⇒ Object

Sets the database associated with the Model class. If the model has an associated dataset, sets the model’s dataset to a dataset on the new database with the same options used by the current dataset. This can be used directly on Sequel::Model to set the default database to be used by subclasses, or to override the database used for specific models:

Sequel::Model.db = DB1
Artist.db = DB2

Note that you should not use this to change the model’s database at runtime. If you have that need, you should look into Sequel’s sharding support.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 410

def db=(db)
  @db = db
  if @dataset
    Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.db= when the model has an existing dataset", "Use Sequel::Model.dataset= instead")
    set_dataset(db.dataset.clone(@dataset.opts))
  end
end

#db_schema ⇒ Object

Returns the cached schema information if available or gets it from the database. This is a hash where keys are column symbols and values are hashes of information related to the column. See Database#schema.

Artist.db_schema
# {:id=>{:type=>:integer, :primary_key=>true, ...},
#  :name=>{:type=>:string, :primary_key=>false, ...}}



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 426

def db_schema
  return @db_schema if @db_schema
  return nil if frozen?
  @db_schema = get_db_schema
end

#def_column_alias(meth, column) ⇒ Object

Create a column alias, where the column methods have one name, but the underlying storage uses a different name.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 434

def def_column_alias(meth, column)
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  overridable_methods_module.module_eval do
    define_method(meth){self[column]}
    define_method("#{meth}="){|v| self[column] = v}
  end
end

#def_dataset_method(*args, &block) ⇒ Object

If a block is given, define a method on the dataset (if the model currently has an dataset) with the given argument name using the given block. Also define a class method on the model that calls the dataset method. Stores the method name and block so that it can be reapplied if the model’s dataset changes.

If a block is not given, just define a class method on the model for each argument that calls the dataset method of the same argument name.

Using dataset_module is recommended over using this method. In addition to allowing more natural ruby syntax for defining methods manually, it also offers numerous helper methods that make defining common dataset methods more easily, as well as supporting dataset caching (assuming the arguments allow it).

# Add new dataset method and class method that calls it
Artist.def_dataset_method(:by_name){order(:name)}
Artist.where(:name.like('A%')).by_name
Artist.by_name.where(:name.like('A%'))

# Just add a class method that calls an existing dataset method
Artist.def_dataset_method(:paginate)
Artist.paginate(2, 10)

Raises:



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 463

def def_dataset_method(*args, &block)
  raise(Error, "No arguments given") if args.empty?

  if block
    raise(Error, "Defining a dataset method using a block requires only one argument") if args.length > 1
    Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.def_dataset_method", "Define the method inside a dataset_module block, or use the def_dataset_method_plugin")
    dataset_module{define_method(args.first, &block)}
  else
    Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.def_dataset_method", "Define a class method that calls the dataset method, or use the def_dataset_method_plugin")
    args.each{|arg| def_model_dataset_method(arg)}
  end
end

#def_Model(mod) ⇒ Object

Define a Model method on the given module that calls the Model method on the receiver. This is how the Sequel::Model() method is defined, and allows you to define Model() methods on other modules, making it easier to have custom model settings for all models under a namespace. Example:

module Foo
  Model = Class.new(Sequel::Model)
  Model.def_Model(self)
  DB = Model.db = Sequel.connect(ENV['FOO_DATABASE_URL'])
  Model.plugin :prepared_statements

  class Bar < Model
    # Uses Foo::DB[:bars]
  end

  class Baz < Model(:my_baz)
    # Uses Foo::DB[:my_baz]
  end
end



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 161

def def_Model(mod)
  model = self
  (class << mod; self; end).send(:define_method, :Model) do |source|
    model.Model(source)
  end
end

#dup ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 234

def dup
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Model.dup", "Create a subclass of the model instead of duping it")
  # raise(Error, "cannot dup/clone a Sequel::Model class") # SEQUEL5
  super
end

#find(*args, &block) ⇒ Object

Finds a single record according to the supplied filter. You are encouraged to use Model.[] or Model.first instead of this method.

Artist.find(:name=>'Bob')
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1

Artist.find{name > 'M'}
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name > 'M') LIMIT 1



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 484

def find(*args, &block)
  first(*args, &block)
end

#find_or_create(cond, &block) ⇒ Object

Like find but invokes create with given conditions when record does not exist. Unlike find in that the block used in this method is not passed to find, but instead is passed to create only if find does not return an object.

Artist.find_or_create(:name=>'Bob')
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1
# INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob')

Artist.find_or_create(:name=>'Jim'){|a| a.hometown = 'Sactown'}
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Jim') LIMIT 1
# INSERT INTO artists (name, hometown) VALUES ('Jim', 'Sactown')



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 500

def find_or_create(cond, &block)
  find(cond) || create(cond, &block)
end

#finder(meth = OPTS, opts = OPTS, &block) ⇒ Object

Create an optimized finder method using a dataset placeholder literalizer. This pre-computes the SQL to use for the query, except for given arguments.

There are two ways to use this. The recommended way is to pass a symbol that represents a model class method that returns a dataset:

def Artist.by_name(name)
  where(:name=>name)
end

Artist.finder :by_name

This creates an optimized first_by_name method, which you can call normally:

Artist.first_by_name("Joe")

The alternative way to use this to pass your own block:

Artist.finder(:name=>:first_by_name){|pl, ds| ds.where(:name=>pl.arg).limit(1)}

Note that if you pass your own block, you are responsible for manually setting limits if necessary (as shown above).

Options:

:arity

When using a symbol method name, this specifies the arity of the method. This should be used if if the method accepts an arbitrary number of arguments, or the method has default argument values. Note that if the method is defined as a dataset method, the class method Sequel creates accepts an arbitrary number of arguments, so you should use this option in that case. If you want to handle multiple possible arities, you need to call the finder method multiple times with unique :arity and :name methods each time.

:name

The name of the method to create. This must be given if you pass a block. If you use a symbol, this defaults to the symbol prefixed by the type.

:mod

The module in which to create the finder method. Defaults to the singleton class of the model.

:type

The type of query to run. Can be :first, :each, :all, or :get, defaults to :first.

Caveats:

This doesn’t handle all possible cases. For example, if you have a method such as:

def Artist.by_name(name)
  name ? where(:name=>name) : exclude(:name=>nil)
end

Then calling a finder without an argument will not work as you expect.

Artist.finder :by_name
Artist.by_name(nil).first
# WHERE (name IS NOT NULL)
Artist.first_by_name(nil)
# WHERE (name IS NULL)

See Dataset::PlaceholderLiteralizer for additional caveats.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 561

def finder(meth=OPTS, opts=OPTS, &block)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.finder and Sequel::Model.prepared_finder", "They have been moved to the finder plugin")
  if block
    raise Error, "cannot pass both a method name argument and a block of Model.finder" unless meth.is_a?(Hash)
    raise Error, "cannot pass two option hashes to Model.finder" unless opts.equal?(OPTS)
    opts = meth
    raise Error, "must provide method name via :name option when passing block to Model.finder" unless meth_name = opts[:name]
  end

  type = opts.fetch(:type, :first)
  unless prepare = opts[:prepare]
    raise Error, ":type option to Model.finder must be :first, :all, :each, or :get" unless FINDER_TYPES.include?(type)
  end
  limit1 = type == :first || type == :get
  meth_name ||= opts[:name] || :"#{type}_#{meth}"

  argn = lambda do |model|
    if arity = opts[:arity]
      arity
    else
      method = block || model.method(meth)
      (method.arity < 0 ? method.arity.abs - 1 : method.arity)
    end
  end

  loader_proc = if prepare
    proc do |model|
      args = prepare_method_args('$a', argn.call(model))
      ds = if block
        model.instance_exec(*args, &block)
      else
        model.send(meth, *args)
      end
      ds = ds.limit(1) if limit1
      model_name = model.name
      if model_name.to_s.empty?
        model_name = model.object_id
      else
        model_name = model_name.gsub(/\W/, '_')
      end
      ds.prepare(type, :"#{model_name}_#{meth_name}")
    end
  else
    proc do |model|
      n = argn.call(model)
      block ||= lambda do |pl, model2|
        args = (0...n).map{pl.arg}
        ds = model2.send(meth, *args)
        ds = ds.limit(1) if limit1
        ds
      end

      Sequel::Dataset::PlaceholderLiteralizer.loader(model, &block) 
    end
  end

  @finder_loaders[meth_name] = loader_proc
  mod = opts[:mod] || (class << self; self; end)
  if prepare
    def_prepare_method(mod, meth_name)
  else
    def_finder_method(mod, meth_name, type)
  end
end

#first_where(cond) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 626

def first_where(cond)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.first_where", "Instead, use Sequel::Model.first")
  if cond.is_a?(Integer)
    dataset.where(cond).first(cond)
  else
    dataset.first(cond)
  end
end

#freeze ⇒ Object

Freeze a model class, disallowing any further changes to it.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 636

def freeze
  dataset_module.freeze
  overridable_methods_module.freeze

  @finder_loaders.freeze # SEQUEL5: Remove

  if @dataset
    @dataset.freeze
    @instance_dataset.freeze
    db_schema.freeze.each_value(&:freeze)
    columns.freeze
    setter_methods.freeze
    @finder_loaders.each_key{|k| finder_for(k)} # SEQUEL5: Remove
  else
    @setter_methods = [].freeze
  end

  @dataset_method_modules.freeze
  @default_set_fields_options.freeze
  @finders.freeze # SEQUEL5: Remove
  @plugins.freeze
  @allowed_columns.freeze if @allowed_columns  # SEQUEL5: Remove

  super
end

#implicit_table_name ⇒ Object

Returns the implicit table name for the model class, which is the demodulized, underscored, pluralized name of the class.

Artist.implicit_table_name # => :artists
Foo::ArtistAlias.implicit_table_name # => :artist_aliases



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 715

def implicit_table_name
  pluralize(underscore(demodulize(name))).to_sym
end

#include(*mods) ⇒ Object

Clear the setter_methods cache when a module is included, as it may contain setter methods.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 664

def include(*mods)
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  super
end

#inherited(subclass) ⇒ Object

If possible, set the dataset for the model subclass as soon as it is created. Also, make sure the inherited class instance variables are copied into the subclass.

Sequel queries the database to get schema information as soon as a model class is created:

class Artist < Sequel::Model # Causes schema query
end



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 678

def inherited(subclass)
  super
  ivs = subclass.instance_variables.map(&:to_s)
  inherited_instance_variables.each do |iv, dup|
    next if ivs.include?(iv.to_s)
    if (sup_class_value = instance_variable_get(iv)) && dup
      sup_class_value = case dup
      when :dup
        sup_class_value.dup
      when :hash_dup
        h = {}
        sup_class_value.each{|k,v| h[k] = v.dup}
        h
      when Proc
        dup.call(sup_class_value)
      else
        raise Error, "bad inherited instance variable type: #{dup.inspect}"
      end
    end
    subclass.instance_variable_set(iv, sup_class_value)
  end

  unless ivs.include?("@dataset")
    if @dataset && self != Model
      subclass.set_dataset(@dataset.clone, :inherited=>true)
    elsif (n = subclass.name) && !n.to_s.empty?
      db
      subclass.set_dataset(subclass.implicit_table_name)
    end
  end
end

#initialize_copy(_) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 229

def initialize_copy(_)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Model.clone", "Create a subclass of the model instead of cloning it")
  # raise(Error, "cannot dup/clone a Sequel::Model class") # SEQUEL5
  super
end

#load(values) ⇒ Object

Calls #call with the values hash. Only for backwards compatibility.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 720

def load(values)
  call(values)
end

#method_added(meth) ⇒ Object

Clear the setter_methods cache when a setter method is added



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 725

def method_added(meth)
  clear_setter_methods_cache if meth.to_s.end_with?('=')
  super
end

#Model(source) ⇒ Object

Lets you create a Model subclass with its dataset already set. source should be an instance of one of the following classes:

Database

Sets the database for this model to source. Generally only useful when subclassing directly from the returned class, where the name of the subclass sets the table name (which is combined with the Database in source to create the dataset to use)

Dataset

Sets the dataset for this model to source.

other

Sets the table name for this model to source. The class will use the default database for model classes in order to create the dataset.

The purpose of this method is to set the dataset/database automatically for a model class, if the table name doesn’t match the implicit name. This is neater than using set_dataset inside the class, doesn’t require a bogus query for the schema, and works when using require_valid_table, or with plugins that assume a model’s dataset is valid.

When creating subclasses of Sequel::Model itself, this method is usually called on Sequel itself, using Sequel::Model(:something).

# Using a symbol
class Comment < Sequel::Model(:something)
  table_name # => :something
end

# Using a dataset
class Comment < Sequel::Model(DB1[:something])
  dataset # => DB1[:something]
end

# Using a database
class Comment < Sequel::Model(DB1)
  dataset # => DB1[:comments]
end



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 206

def Model(source)
  if cache_anonymous_models
    cache = Sequel.synchronize{@Model_cache ||= {}}
    if klass = Sequel.synchronize{cache[source]}
      return klass
    end
  end

  klass = Class.new(self)

  if source.is_a?(::Sequel::Database)
    klass.db = source
  else
    klass.set_dataset(source)
  end

  if cache_anonymous_models
    Sequel.synchronize{cache[source] = klass}
  end

  klass
end

#no_primary_key ⇒ Object

Mark the model as not having a primary key. Not having a primary key can cause issues, among which is that you won’t be able to update records.

Artist.primary_key # => :id
Artist.no_primary_key
Artist.primary_key # => nil



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 736

def no_primary_key
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  self.simple_pk = @primary_key = nil
end

#plugin(plugin, *args, &block) ⇒ Object

Loads a plugin for use with the model class, passing optional arguments to the plugin. If the plugin is a module, load it directly. Otherwise, require the plugin from either sequel/plugins/##plugin or sequel_##plugin, and then attempt to load the module using a the camelized plugin name under Sequel::Plugins.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 746

def plugin(plugin, *args, &block)
  m = plugin.is_a?(Module) ? plugin : plugin_module(plugin)
  unless @plugins.include?(m)
    @plugins << m
    m.apply(self, *args, &block) if m.respond_to?(:apply)
    extend(m::ClassMethods) if plugin_module_defined?(m, :ClassMethods)
    include(m::InstanceMethods) if plugin_module_defined?(m, :InstanceMethods)
    if plugin_module_defined?(m, :DatasetMethods)
      dataset_extend(m::DatasetMethods, :create_class_methods=>false)
    end
  end
  m.configure(self, *args, &block) if m.respond_to?(:configure)
end

#prepared_finder(meth = OPTS, opts = OPTS, &block) ⇒ Object

Similar to finder, but uses a prepared statement instead of a placeholder literalizer. This makes the SQL used static (cannot vary per call), but allows binding argument values instead of literalizing them into the SQL query string.

If a block is used with this method, it is instance_execed by the model, and should accept the desired number of placeholder arguments.

The options are the same as the options for finder, with the following exception:

:type

Specifies the type of prepared statement to create



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 812

def prepared_finder(meth=OPTS, opts=OPTS, &block)
  # SEQUEL5: Remove
  if block
    raise Error, "cannot pass both a method name argument and a block of Model.finder" unless meth.is_a?(Hash)
    meth = meth.merge(:prepare=>true)
  else
    opts = opts.merge(:prepare=>true)
  end
  finder(meth, opts, &block)
end

#primary_key_hash(value) ⇒ Object

Returns primary key attribute hash. If using a composite primary key value such be an array with values for each primary key in the correct order. For a standard primary key, value should be an object with a compatible type for the key. If the model does not have a primary key, raises an Error.

Artist.primary_key_hash(1) # => {:id=>1}
Artist.primary_key_hash([1, 2]) # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 768

def primary_key_hash(value)
  case key = @primary_key
  when Symbol
    {key => value}
  when Array
    hash = {}
    key.zip(Array(value)){|k,v| hash[k] = v}
    hash
  else
    raise(Error, "#{self} does not have a primary key")
  end
end

#qualified_primary_key_hash(value, qualifier = table_name) ⇒ Object

Return a hash where the keys are qualified column references. Uses the given qualifier if provided, or the table_name otherwise. This is useful if you plan to join other tables to this table and you want the column references to be qualified.

Artist.where(Artist.qualified_primary_key_hash(1))
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (artists.id = 1)



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 788

def qualified_primary_key_hash(value, qualifier=table_name)
  case key = @primary_key
  when Symbol
    {SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(qualifier, key) => value}
  when Array
    hash = {}
    key.zip(Array(value)){|k,v| hash[SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(qualifier, k)] = v}
    hash
  else
    raise(Error, "#{self} does not have a primary key")
  end
end

#restrict_primary_key ⇒ Object

Restrict the setting of the primary key(s) when using mass assignment (e.g. set). Because this is the default, this only make sense to use in a subclass where the parent class has used unrestrict_primary_key.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 826

def restrict_primary_key
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  @restrict_primary_key = true
end

#restrict_primary_key? ⇒ Boolean

Whether or not setting the primary key(s) when using mass assignment (e.g. set) is restricted, true by default.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 833

def restrict_primary_key?
  @restrict_primary_key
end

#set_allowed_columns(*cols) ⇒ Object

Set the columns to allow when using mass assignment (e.g. set). Using this means that any columns not listed here will not be modified. If you have any virtual setter methods (methods that end in =) that you want to be used during mass assignment, they need to be listed here as well (without the =).

It may be better to use a method such as set_only or set_fields that lets you specify the allowed fields per call.

Artist.set_allowed_columns(:name, :hometown)
Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :hometown=>'Sactown') # No Error
Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :records_sold=>30000) # Error



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 848

def set_allowed_columns(*cols)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.set_allowed_columns", "Load the whitelist_security plugin into the model class")
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  @allowed_columns = cols
end

#set_dataset(ds, opts = OPTS) ⇒ Object

Sets the dataset associated with the Model class. ds can be a Symbol, LiteralString, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, SQL::AliasedExpression (all specifying a table name in the current database), or a Dataset. If a dataset is used, the model’s database is changed to the database of the given dataset. If a dataset is not used, a dataset is created from the current database with the table name given. Other arguments raise an Error. Returns self.

It also attempts to determine the database schema for the model, based on the given dataset.

Note that you should not use this to change the model’s dataset at runtime. If you have that need, you should look into Sequel’s sharding support.

You should avoid calling this method directly. Instead of doing:

class Artist < Sequel::Model
  set_dataset :tbl_artists
end

You should use:

class Artist < Sequel::Model(:tbl_artists)
end

This ensures the class never uses an invalid dataset. Calling set_dataset after creating a class can create a class with initial invalid dataset, which will break when require_valid_table or certain plugins are used.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 884

def set_dataset(ds, opts=OPTS)
  inherited = opts[:inherited]
  @dataset = convert_input_dataset(ds)
  @require_modification = Sequel::Model.require_modification.nil? ? @dataset.provides_accurate_rows_matched? : Sequel::Model.require_modification
  if inherited
    self.simple_table = superclass.simple_table
    @columns = superclass.instance_variable_get(:@columns)
    @db_schema = superclass.instance_variable_get(:@db_schema)
  else
    @dataset = @dataset.with_extend(*@dataset_method_modules.reverse) if @dataset_method_modules
    @db_schema = get_db_schema
  end

  reset_instance_dataset
  self
end

#set_primary_key(key) ⇒ Object

Sets the primary key for this model. You can use either a regular or a composite primary key. To not use a primary key, set to nil or use no_primary_key. On most adapters, Sequel can automatically determine the primary key to use, so this method is not needed often.

class Person < Sequel::Model
  # regular key
  set_primary_key :person_id
end

class Tagging < Sequel::Model
  # composite key
  set_primary_key [:taggable_id, :tag_id]
end



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 915

def set_primary_key(key)
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  if key.is_a?(Array)
    if key.length < 2
      key = key.first
    else
      key = key.dup.freeze
    end
  end
  self.simple_pk = if key && !key.is_a?(Array)
    (@dataset || db).literal(key).freeze
  end
  @primary_key = key
end

#setter_methods ⇒ Object

Cache of setter methods to allow by default, in order to speed up new/set/update instance methods.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 931

def setter_methods
  return @setter_methods if @setter_methods
  @setter_methods = get_setter_methods
end

#subset(*args, &block) ⇒ Object

Sets up a dataset method that returns a filtered dataset. Sometimes thought of as a scope, and like most dataset methods, they can be chained. For example:

Topic.subset(:joes, :username.like('%joe%'))
Topic.subset(:popular){num_posts > 100}
Topic.subset(:recent){created_on > Date.today - 7}

Allows you to do:

Topic.joes.recent.popular

to get topics with a username that includes joe that have more than 100 posts and were created less than 7 days ago.

Both the args given and the block are passed to Dataset#filter.

This method creates dataset methods that do not accept arguments. To create dataset methods that accept arguments, you should use define a method directly inside a #dataset_module block.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 958

def subset(*args, &block)
  Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate("Sequel::Model.subset", "Use the subset method inside a dataset_module block, or use the def_dataset_method plugin")
  dataset_module{where(*args, &block)}
end

#table_name ⇒ Object

Returns name of primary table for the dataset. If the table for the dataset is aliased, returns the aliased name.

Artist.table_name # => :artists
Sequel::Model(:foo).table_name # => :foo
Sequel::Model(Sequel[:foo].as(:bar)).table_name # => :bar



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 969

def table_name
  dataset.first_source_alias
end

#unrestrict_primary_key ⇒ Object

Allow the setting of the primary key(s) when using the mass assignment methods. Using this method can open up security issues, be very careful before using it.

Artist.set(:id=>1) # Error
Artist.unrestrict_primary_key
Artist.set(:id=>1) # No Error



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 979

def unrestrict_primary_key
  clear_setter_methods_cache
  @restrict_primary_key = false
end

#with_pk(pk) ⇒ Object

Return the model instance with the primary key, or nil if there is no matching record.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 985

def with_pk(pk)
  primary_key_lookup(pk)
end

#with_pk!(pk) ⇒ Object

Return the model instance with the primary key, or raise NoMatchingRow if there is no matching record.



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# File 'lib/sequel/model/base.rb', line 990

def with_pk!(pk)
  with_pk(pk) || raise(NoMatchingRow.new(dataset))
end