Module: PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID

Defined in:
lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb

Overview

This plugin is used for interacting with a SonMicro SM132 USB RFID Reader / Writer (PCB V3) && SM2330-USB Rev.0

Class Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.authors ⇒ Object

Author(s)

0day Inc. <[email protected]>



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 704

public_class_method def self.authors
  'AUTHOR(S):
    0day Inc. <[email protected]>
  '
end

.backup_tag(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.backup_tag(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 511

public_class_method def self.backup_tag(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  logger.info('Starting backup_tag')

  rfid_data = read_tag(son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj)

  file = ''
  backup_msg = ''
  loop do
    print 'Enter File Name to Save Backup: '
    file = gets.scrub.chomp.strip
    file_dir = File.dirname(file)
    break if Dir.exist?(file_dir)

    backup_msg = "\n****** ERROR: Directory #{file_dir} for #{file} does not exist ******"
    puts backup_msg
  end

  File.write(file, "#{JSON.pretty_generate(rfid_data)}\n")
  logger.info("Backup saved to #{file}")
  puts 'Backup complete.'
  rfid_data
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error backing up tag: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to backup tag - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end

.clone_tag(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.clone_tag(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 544

public_class_method def self.clone_tag(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  logger.info('Starting clone_tag')

  print 'This will overwrite the target tag. Continue? [y/N]: '
  unless gets.chomp.strip.upcase == 'Y'
    logger.info('Copy cancelled by user')
    puts 'Copy cancelled.'
    return nil
  end

  rfid_data = read_tag(son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj)
  write_tag(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    rfid_data: rfid_data
  )
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error copying tag: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to copy tag - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end

.connect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

son_micro_rfid_obj = PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.connect(

block_dev: 'optional - serial block device path (defaults to /dev/ttyUSB0)',
baud: 'optional - (defaults to 19_200)',
data_bits: 'optional - (defaults to 8)',
stop_bits: 'optional - (defaults to 1)',
parity: 'optional - :even|:mark|:odd|:space|:none (defaults to :none)',
flow_control: 'optional - :none||:hard||:soft (defaults to :none)'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 26

public_class_method def self.connect(opts = {})
  opts[:block_dev] ||= '/dev/ttyUSB0'
  opts[:baud] ||= 19_200
  opts[:data_bits] ||= 8
  opts[:stop_bits] ||= 1
  opts[:parity] ||= :none
  opts[:flow_control] ||= :none

  logger.info("Connecting to #{opts[:block_dev]} at baud #{opts[:baud]}")
  PWN::Plugins::Serial.connect(opts)
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Connection failed: #{e.message}")
  disconnect(son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj) unless son_micro_rfid_obj.nil?
  raise e
end

.disconnect(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.disconnect(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 684

public_class_method def self.disconnect(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]

  logger.info('Disabling antenna power')
  exec(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    cmd: :antenna_power,
    params: :off
  )

  logger.info('Disconnecting from device')

  PWN::Plugins::Serial.disconnect(serial_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj)
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error disconnecting: #{e.message}")
  raise e
end

.exec(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.exec(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
cmd: 'required - cmd returned from #list_cmds method',
params: 'optional - parameters for specific command returned from #list_params method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 239

public_class_method def self.exec(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  cmd = opts[:cmd].to_s.scrub.strip.chomp
  params = opts[:params]

  logger.info("Executing command: #{cmd} with params: #{params.inspect}")

  params_bytes = []
  case cmd.to_sym
  when :reset
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x81]
  when :firmware
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x81, 0x82]
  when :seek_for_tag
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x82, 0x83]
  when :select_tag
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x83, 0x84]
  when :authenticate
    raise "Parameters must be a hash with :block, :key_type, :key for #{cmd}" unless params.is_a?(Hash)

    # Placeholder: [block, key_type, key]
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x07, 0x85]
    block = params[:block].to_i
    key_type = params[:key_type] == :key_a ? 0x60 : 0x61
    key = params[:key] || [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]
    params_bytes = [block, key_type] + key
  when :read_block
    # Placeholder: [block]
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x02, 0x86]
    params_bytes = [params[:block].to_i] if params.is_a?(Hash) && params[:block]
  when :write_block
    raise "Parameters must be a hash with :block, :data for #{cmd}" unless params.is_a?(Hash) && params[:block] && params[:data]

    # Placeholder: [block, data]
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x06, 0x87] # Adjust length based on data
    block = params[:block].to_i
    data = params[:data].is_a?(Array) ? params[:data] : params[:data].split.map { |b| b.to_i(16) }
    params_bytes = [block] + data
    cmd_bytes[2] = params_bytes.length + 2 # Update length
  when :write_value
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03]
  when :write_four_byte_block
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04]
  when :write_key
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x05]
  when :increment
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x06]
  when :decrement
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x07]
  when :antenna_power
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x02, 0x90]
    case params.to_s.to_sym
    when :off
      params_bytes = [0x00, 0x92]
    when :on
      params_bytes = [0x01, 0x93]
    when :reset
      params_bytes = [0x02, 0x94]
    else
      raise "Unsupported Parameters: #{params} for #{cmd}. Supported parameters are:\n#{list_params(cmd: cmd).join("\n")}\n"
    end
  when :read_port
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x08]
  when :write_port
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x09]
  when :halt
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x93, 0x94]
  when :set_baud_rate
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x09, 0x0A]
  when :sleep
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0A, 0x0B]
  when :poll_buffer
    cmd_bytes = [0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0xB0, 0xB1]
  else
    logger.error("Unsupported command: #{cmd}")
    raise "Unsupported Command: #{cmd}. Supported commands are:\n#{list_cmds.join("\n")}\n"
  end

  cmd_bytes += params_bytes unless params_bytes.empty?
  PWN::Plugins::Serial.request(
    serial_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    payload: cmd_bytes
  )

  response = parse_responses(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    cmd: cmd.to_sym
  )
  logger.info("Response for #{cmd}: #{response.inspect}")
  response
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error executing command #{cmd}: #{e.message}")
  raise e
ensure
  PWN::Plugins::Serial.flush_session_data
end

.help ⇒ Object

Display Usage for this Module



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 712

public_class_method def self.help
  puts "USAGE:
    son_micro_rfid_obj = #{self}.connect(
      block_dev: 'optional serial block device path (defaults to /dev/ttyUSB0)',
      baud: 'optional (defaults to 19_200)',
      data_bits: 'optional (defaults to 8)',
      stop_bits: 'optional (defaults to 1)',
      parity: 'optional - :even|:mark|:odd|:space|:none (defaults to :none)',
      flow_control: 'optional - :none|:hard|:soft (defaults to :none)'
    )

    cmds = #{self}.list_cmds

    params = #{self}.list_params(
      cmd: 'required - cmd returned from #list_cmds method'
    )

    parsed_cmd_resp_arr = #{self}.exec(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
      cmd: 'required - cmd returned from #list_cmds method',
      params: 'optional - parameters for specific command returned from #list_params method'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.read_tag(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
      authn: 'optional - authentication flag (default: false)',
      key: 'optional - key for authentication (default: [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF])'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.write_tag(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
      rfid_data: 'required - RFID data to write',
      authn: 'optional - authentication flag (default: false)',
      key: 'optional - key for authentication (default: [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF])'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.backup_tag(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.clone_tag(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.load_tag_from_file(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'
    )

    rfid_data = #{self}.update_tag(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'
    )

    #{self}.disconnect(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'
    )

    #{self}.authors
  "
end

.list_cmds ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

cmds = PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.list_cmds



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 44

public_class_method def self.list_cmds
  i[
    reset
    firmware
    seek_for_tag
    select_tag
    authenticate
    read_block
    write_block
    write_value
    write_four_byte_block
    write_key
    increment
    decrement
    antenna_power
    read_port
    write_port
    halt
    set_baud_rate
    sleep
    poll_buffer
  ]
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error listing commands: #{e.message}")
  raise e
end

.list_params(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

params = PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.list_params(

cmd: 'required - cmd returned from #list_cmds method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 76

public_class_method def self.list_params(opts = {})
  cmd = opts[:cmd].to_s.scrub.strip.chomp

  case cmd.to_sym
  when :reset
    params = i[reset_not_implemented]
  when :firmware
    params = i[firmware_no_params_required]
  when :seek_for_tag
    params = i[seek_for_tag_no_params_required]
  when :select_tag
    params = i[select_tag_no_params_required]
  when :authenticate
    params = i[block key_type key]
  when :read_block
    params = i[block]
  when :write_block
    params = i[block data]
  when :write_value
    params = i[write_value_not_implemented]
  when :write_four_byte_block
    params = i[write_four_byte_block_not_implemented]
  when :write_key
    params = i[write_key_not_implemented]
  when :increment
    params = i[increment_not_implemented]
  when :decrement
    params = i[decrement_not_implemented]
  when :antenna_power
    params = i[off on reset]
  when :read_port
    params = i[read_port_not_implemented]
  when :write_port
    params = i[write_port_not_implemented]
  when :halt
    params = i[halt_no_params_required]
  when :set_baud_rate
    params = i[set_baud_rate_not_implemented]
  when :sleep
    params = i[sleep_not_implemented]
  when :poll_buffer
    params = i[poll_buffer_not_implemented]
  else
    logger.error("Unsupported command: #{cmd}")
    raise "Unsupported Command: #{cmd}. Supported commands are:\n#{list_cmds.join("\n")}\n"
  end

  params
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error listing parameters for #{cmd}: #{e.message}")
  raise e
end

.load_tag_from_file(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.load_tag_from_file(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 571

public_class_method def self.load_tag_from_file(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  logger.info('Starting load_tag_from_file')

  print 'This will overwrite the target tag. Continue? [y/N]: '
  unless gets.chomp.strip.upcase == 'Y'
    logger.info('Load cancelled by user')
    puts 'Load cancelled.'
    return nil
  end

  file = ''
  restore_msg = ''
  loop do
    print 'Enter File Name to Restore to Tag: '
    file = gets.scrub.chomp.strip
    break if File.exist?(file)

    restore_msg = "\n****** ERROR: #{file} does not exist ******"
    puts restore_msg
  end

  rfid_data = JSON.parse(File.read(file), symbolize_names: true)
  write_tag(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    rfid_data: rfid_data
  )
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error loading tag from file: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to load tag from file - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end

.read_tag(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.read_tag(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
authn: 'optional - authentication flag (default: false)',
key: 'optional - key for authentication (default: [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF])'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 343

public_class_method def self.read_tag(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  authn = opts[:authn] ||= false
  key = opts[:key] ||= [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]

  logger.info('Starting read_tag')

  print 'Reader Activated. Please Scan Tag...'
  exec_resp = exec(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    cmd: :seek_for_tag
  )

  rfid_data = exec_resp.last
  logger.info(rfid_data)

  if rfid_data[:resp_code_desc] == :no_tag_present
    logger.error('No RFID tag detected')
    raise 'No RFID tag detected'
  end

  # Read block data (e.g., block 4 for Ultralight, sector 0 block 0 for Classic)
  case rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]
  when :mifare_ultralight
    exec_resp = exec(
      son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
      cmd: :read_block,
      params: { block: 4 } # Example block
    )
    rfid_data[:block_data] = exec_resp.last[:block_data] if exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :read_success
  when :mifare_classic_1k, :mifare_classic_4k
    if authn
      exec_resp = exec(
        son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
        cmd: :authenticate,
        params: { block: 0, key_type: :key_a, key: key }
      )
      if exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :auth_success
        exec_resp = exec(
          son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
          cmd: :read_block,
          params: { block: 0 }
        )
        rfid_data[:block_data] = exec_resp.last[:block_data] if exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :read_success
      else
        logger.error("Authentication failed for #{rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]}")
        raise 'Authentication failed'
      end
    end
  end

  puts "\n#{rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]} >>> Tag ID: #{rfid_data[:tag_id]}"
  puts "Block Data: #{rfid_data[:block_data]}" if rfid_data[:block_data]
  logger.info("Read tag successful: #{rfid_data.inspect}")
  rfid_data
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error reading tag: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to read tag - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end

.update_tag(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.update_tag(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 609

public_class_method def self.update_tag(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  logger.info('Starting update_tag')

  print 'This will modify the tag\'s data. Continue? [y/N]: '
  unless gets.chomp.strip.upcase == 'Y'
    logger.info('Update cancelled by user')
    puts 'Update cancelled.'
    return nil
  end

  rfid_data = read_tag(son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj)
  unless rfid_data.is_a?(Hash) && rfid_data[:resp_code_desc] && rfid_data[:tag_id]
    logger.error('Invalid rfid_data structure')
    raise 'Invalid rfid_data structure'
  end

  # Update block data
  block_data = rfid_data[:block_data] || ''
  puts "\nCurrent Block Data: #{block_data}"
  print 'Enter Updated Block Data (hex bytes, space-separated, press Enter to keep original): '
  updated_value = gets.scrub.chomp.strip

  if updated_value.empty?
    puts "Keeping original value: #{block_data}"
    logger.info("Keeping original block data: #{block_data}")
    updated_value = block_data
  else
    # Validate hex bytes
    unless updated_value.match?(/\A([\da-fA-F]{2}\s)*[\da-fA-F]{2}\z/)
      logger.error('Invalid block data: must be hex bytes (e.g., FF 00)')
      raise 'Invalid block data: must be hex bytes (e.g., FF 00)'
    end
    # Validate length based on tag type
    data_bytes = updated_value.split.map { |b| b.to_i(16) }
    max_bytes = rfid_data[:resp_code_desc] == :mifare_ultralight ? 4 : 16
    unless data_bytes.length <= max_bytes
      logger.error("Block data too long: max #{max_bytes} bytes")
      raise "Block data too long: max #{max_bytes} bytes"
    end
    logger.info("Updated block data: #{updated_value}")
  end

  rfid_data[:block_data] = updated_value

  # Confirm changes
  puts "\nUpdated RFID Data:"
  puts "Tag ID: #{rfid_data[:tag_id]}"
  puts "Block Data: #{rfid_data[:block_data]}"
  print 'Confirm writing these changes to the tag? [y/N]: '
  unless gets.chomp.strip.upcase == 'Y'
    logger.info('Update cancelled by user')
    puts 'Update cancelled.'
    return rfid_data
  end

  rfid_data = write_tag(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    rfid_data: rfid_data
  )

  logger.info("Update tag successful: #{rfid_data.inspect}")
  puts 'tag updated successfully.'
  rfid_data
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error updating tag: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to update tag - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end

.write_tag(opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Supported Method Parameters

PWN::Plugins::SonMicroRFID.write_tag(

son_micro_rfid_obj: 'required - son_micro_rfid_obj returned from #connect method',
rfid_data: 'required - RFID data to write (see #read_tag for structure)',
authn: 'optional - authentication flag (default: false)',
key: 'optional - key for authentication (default: [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF])'

)



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# File 'lib/pwn/plugins/son_micro_rfid.rb', line 412

public_class_method def self.write_tag(opts = {})
  son_micro_rfid_obj = opts[:son_micro_rfid_obj]
  rfid_data = opts[:rfid_data]
  authn = opts[:authn] ||= false
  key = opts[:key] ||= [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]
  logger.info('Starting write_tag')

  unless rfid_data.is_a?(Hash) && rfid_data[:resp_code_desc] && rfid_data[:tag_id]
    logger.error('Invalid rfid_data: must be a hash with :resp_code_desc and :tag_id')
    raise 'Invalid rfid_data: must be a hash with :resp_code_desc and :tag_id'
  end

  puts "\nWriting to tag with Tag ID: #{rfid_data[:tag_id]}"
  print 'This will overwrite the tag. Continue? [y/N]: '
  unless gets.chomp.strip.upcase == 'Y'
    logger.info('Write cancelled by user')
    puts 'Write cancelled.'
    return rfid_data
  end

  # Select tag
  exec_resp = exec(
    son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
    cmd: :select_tag
  )
  if exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :no_tag_present
    logger.error('No RFID tag detected for writing')
    raise 'No RFID tag detected for writing'
  end

  # Write block data
  case rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]
  when :mifare_ultralight
    if rfid_data[:block_data]
      data = rfid_data[:block_data].split.map { |b| b.to_i(16) }
      exec_resp = exec(
        son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
        cmd: :write_block,
        params: { block: 4, data: data }
      )
      unless exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :write_success
        logger.error('Failed to write block for Ultralight')
        raise 'Failed to write block'
      end
    end
  when :mifare_classic_1k, :mifare_classic_4k
    if authn
      exec_resp = exec(
        son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
        cmd: :authenticate,
        params: { block: 0, key_type: :key_a, key: key }
      )
      if exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :auth_success
        if rfid_data[:block_data]
          data = rfid_data[:block_data].split.map { |b| b.to_i(16) }
          exec_resp = exec(
            son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj,
            cmd: :write_block,
            params: { block: 0, data: data }
          )
          unless exec_resp.last[:resp_code_desc] == :write_success
            logger.error('Failed to write block for Classic')
            raise 'Failed to write block'
          end
        end
      else
        logger.error("Authentication failed for #{rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]}")
        raise 'Authentication failed'
      end
    end
  else
    logger.error("Unsupported tag type: #{rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]}")
    raise "Unsupported tag type: #{rfid_data[:resp_code_desc]}"
  end

  # Verify write by re-reading
  read_data = read_tag(son_micro_rfid_obj: son_micro_rfid_obj)
  if read_data[:block_data] == rfid_data[:block_data]
    puts 'Write verification successful.'
    logger.info('Write verification successful')
  else
    puts 'ERROR: Written data does not match read data.'
    logger.error('Written data does not match read data')
  end

  logger.info("Write tag successful: #{rfid_data.inspect}")
  puts 'Tag written successfully.'
  rfid_data
rescue StandardError => e
  logger.error("Error writing tag: #{e.message}")
  puts "ERROR: Failed to write tag - #{e.message}"
  raise e
end