Class: PostgresMonitor::Monitor

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(connection_params) ⇒ Monitor

Returns a new instance of Monitor.



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 3

def initialize(connection_params)
  @host     = connection_params[:host]
  @port     = connection_params[:port] ? connection_params[:port] : self.port
  @user     = connection_params[:user]
  @password = connection_params[:password]
  @sslmode  = connection_params[:sslmode] ? connection_params[:sslmode] : 'require'
  @dbname   = connection_params[:dbname]

  @long_query_threshold = connection_params[:long_query_threshold] ? connection_params[:long_query_threshold] : '5 seconds'

  @connection = self.connect
end

Instance Method Details

#backend_query ⇒ Object

DEPRECATION WARNING This seems to have an issue with returning multiple duplicate results; Deprecating in favor of connection_counts returns Active and Idle connections from DB



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 69

def backend_query
  warn 'DEPRECATED. Please use connection_counts instead'

  sql = %Q(
    SELECT ( SELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE
      #{
        if nine_two?
          "state <> 'idle'"
        else
          "current_query <> '<IDLE>'"
        end
      }
    ) AS backends_active, ( SELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE
      #{
        if nine_two?
          "state = 'idle'"
        else
          "current_query = '<IDLE>'"
        end
      }
    ) AS backends_idle FROM pg_stat_activity;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#bgwriter_query ⇒ Object

returns Scheduled and Requested Checkpoints



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 27

def bgwriter_query
  execute_sql 'SELECT * FROM pg_stat_bgwriter;'
end

#blocking ⇒ Object

QUERY QUERIES [that feels wrong…] display queries holding locks other queries are waiting to be released



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 396

def blocking
  query_column = self.query_column
  pid_column = self.pid_column
  sql = %Q(
    SELECT
        bl.pid AS blocked_pid,
        ka.#{query_column} AS blocking_statement,
        now() - ka.query_start AS blocking_duration,
        kl.pid AS blocking_pid,
        a.#{query_column} AS blocked_statement,
        now() - a.query_start AS blocked_duration
    FROM
        pg_catalog.pg_locks bl
    JOIN
        pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity a ON bl.pid = a.#{pid_column}
    JOIN
        pg_catalog.pg_locks kl
    JOIN
        pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity ka
        ON kl.pid = ka.#{pid_column}
        ON bl.transactionid = kl.transactionid AND bl.pid != kl.pid
    WHERE NOT
      bl.granted
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#cache_hit ⇒ Object

calculates your cache hit rate (effective databases are at 99% and up)



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 111

def cache_hit
  sql = %q(
    SELECT
      'index hit rate' AS name,
      (sum(idx_blks_hit)) / nullif(sum(idx_blks_hit + idx_blks_read),0) AS ratio
    FROM
      pg_statio_user_indexes
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
      'table hit rate' AS name,
      sum(heap_blks_hit) / nullif(sum(heap_blks_hit) + sum(heap_blks_read),0) AS ratio
    FROM
      pg_statio_user_tables;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#calls ⇒ Object

show 10 most frequently called queries This is dependent on the pg_stat_statements being loaded



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 506

def calls
  return unless extension_loaded? 'pg_stat_statements'
  sql = %Q(
    SELECT
      query AS qry,
      interval '1 millisecond' * total_time AS exec_time,
      to_char((total_time/sum(total_time) OVER()) * 100, 'FM90D0') || '%'  AS prop_exec_time,
      to_char(calls, 'FM999G999G990') AS ncalls,
      interval '1 millisecond' * (blk_read_time + blk_write_time) AS sync_io_time
  FROM
    pg_stat_statements WHERE userid = (SELECT usesysid FROM pg_user WHERE usename = current_user LIMIT 1)
  ORDER BY
    calls DESC LIMIT 10
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#close_connection ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 556

def close_connection
  @connection.close
end

#connect ⇒ Object

GENERAL METHODS



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 525

def connect
  PG::Connection.new(:host => @host, :port => @port, :user => @user, :password => @password, :sslmode => @sslmode, :dbname => @dbname)
end

#connection_counts ⇒ Object

list connection states and count



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 56

def connection_counts
  execute_sql "SELECT #{state_column}, COUNT(*) FROM pg_stat_activity GROUP BY #{state_column};"
end

#database_bloat ⇒ Object

show table and index bloat in your database ordered by most wasteful



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 130

def database_bloat
   sql = %q(
      WITH constants AS (
              SELECT current_setting('block_size')::numeric AS bs, 23 AS hdr, 4 AS ma
            ), bloat_info AS (
              SELECT
                ma,bs,schemaname,tablename,
                (datawidth+(hdr+ma-(case when hdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE hdr%ma END)))::numeric AS datahdr,
                (maxfracsum*(nullhdr+ma-(case when nullhdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE nullhdr%ma END))) AS nullhdr2
              FROM (
                SELECT
                  schemaname, tablename, hdr, ma, bs,
                  SUM((1-null_frac)*avg_width) AS datawidth,
                  MAX(null_frac) AS maxfracsum,
                  hdr+(
                    SELECT 1+count(*)/8
                    FROM pg_stats s2
                    WHERE null_frac<>0 AND s2.schemaname = s.schemaname AND s2.tablename = s.tablename
                  ) AS nullhdr
                FROM pg_stats s, constants
                GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5
              ) AS foo
            ), table_bloat AS (
              SELECT
                schemaname, tablename, cc.relpages, bs,
                CEIL((cc.reltuples*((datahdr+ma-
                  (CASE WHEN datahdr%ma=0 THEN ma ELSE datahdr%ma END))+nullhdr2+4))/(bs-20::float)) AS otta
              FROM bloat_info
                JOIN pg_class cc ON cc.relname = bloat_info.tablename
                JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname = bloat_info.schemaname AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'
            ), index_bloat AS (
              SELECT
                schemaname, tablename, bs,
                COALESCE(c2.relname,'?') AS iname, COALESCE(c2.reltuples,0) AS ituples, COALESCE(c2.relpages,0) AS ipages,
                COALESCE(CEIL((c2.reltuples*(datahdr-12))/(bs-20::float)),0) AS iotta -- very rough approximation, assumes all cols
              FROM bloat_info
                JOIN pg_class cc ON cc.relname = bloat_info.tablename
                JOIN pg_namespace nn ON cc.relnamespace = nn.oid AND nn.nspname = bloat_info.schemaname AND nn.nspname <> 'information_schema'
                JOIN pg_index i ON indrelid = cc.oid
                JOIN pg_class c2 ON c2.oid = i.indexrelid
            )
            SELECT
              type, schemaname, object_name, bloat, pg_size_pretty(raw_waste) as waste
            FROM
            (SELECT
              'table' as type,
              schemaname,
              tablename as object_name,
              ROUND(CASE WHEN otta=0 THEN 0.0 ELSE table_bloat.relpages/otta::numeric END,1) AS bloat,
              CASE WHEN relpages < otta THEN '0' ELSE (bs*(table_bloat.relpages-otta)::bigint)::bigint END AS raw_waste
            FROM
              table_bloat
                UNION
            SELECT
              'index' as type,
              schemaname,
              tablename || '::' || iname as object_name,
              ROUND(CASE WHEN iotta=0 OR ipages=0 THEN 0.0 ELSE ipages/iotta::numeric END,1) AS bloat,
              CASE WHEN ipages < iotta THEN '0' ELSE (bs*(ipages-iotta))::bigint END AS raw_waste
            FROM
              index_bloat) bloat_summary
            ORDER BY raw_waste DESC, bloat DESC
      )

    execute_sql(sql)
end

#database_query ⇒ Object

returns database tranasction and row activity for the DB



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 22

def database_query
  execute_sql "SELECT * FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname='#{@dbname}';"
end

#extension_loaded?(extname) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 550

def extension_loaded?(extname)
  @connection.exec("SELECT count(*) FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = '#{extname}'") do |result|
    result[0]['count'] == '1'
  end
end

#get_database_sizes ⇒ Object

get database sizes



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 96

def get_database_sizes
  sql = %q(
    SELECT
      t1.datname AS db_name,
      pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(t1.datname)) as db_size
    FROM
      pg_database t1
    ORDER BY
      pg_database_size(t1.datname) desc;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#get_database_version ⇒ Object

returns database version in SQL form



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 17

def get_database_version
  execute_sql 'SELECT version();'
end

#index_count_query ⇒ Object

count of indexes in the database



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 32

def index_count_query
  execute_sql "SELECT count(1) as indexes FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'i';"
end

#index_size ⇒ Object

show the size of indexes, descending by size



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 286

def index_size
   sql = %q(
     SELECT
       c.relname AS name,
       pg_size_pretty(sum(c.relpages::bigint*8192)::bigint) AS size
     FROM
       pg_class c
       LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON (n.oid = c.relnamespace)
     WHERE
       n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
       AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
       AND c.relkind='i'
     GROUP BY
       c.relname
     ORDER BY
       sum(c.relpages) DESC;
   )
   execute_sql(sql)
end

#index_size_query ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 36

def index_size_query
  execute_sql 'SELECT sum(relpages::bigint*8192) AS size FROM pg_class WHERE reltype = 0;'
end

#index_usage ⇒ Object

INDEX queries calculates your index hit rate



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 248

def index_usage
  sql = %q(
     SELECT
       relname,
       CASE
         WHEN idx_scan > 0
           THEN (100 * idx_scan / (seq_scan + idx_scan))::text
         ELSE
           'Insufficient data'
         END AS percent_of_times_index_used,
         n_live_tup rows_in_table
     FROM
       pg_stat_user_tables
     ORDER BY
       n_live_tup DESC;
   )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#installed_extensions ⇒ Object

list of installed extensions



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 61

def installed_extensions
  execute_sql 'SELECT * FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE installed_version IS NOT NULL;'
end

#list_databases ⇒ Object

list all non-template DBs known



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 51

def list_databases
  execute_sql 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datistemplate = false;'
end

#locks ⇒ Object

display queries with active locks



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 425

def locks
  query_column = self.query_column
  pid_column = self.pid_column
  sql = %Q(
   SELECT
      pg_stat_activity.#{pid_column} AS pid,
      pg_class.relname,
      pg_locks.transactionid,
      pg_locks.granted,
      pg_stat_activity.#{query_column} AS query,
      age(now(),pg_stat_activity.query_start) AS age
   FROM
      pg_stat_activity,pg_locks left
      OUTER JOIN pg_class ON (pg_locks.relation = pg_class.oid)
   WHERE
      pg_stat_activity.#{query_column} <> '<insufficient privilege>'
      AND pg_locks.pid = pg_stat_activity.#{pid_column}
      AND pg_locks.mode = 'ExclusiveLock'
      AND pg_stat_activity.#{pid_column} <> pg_backend_pid() order by query_start;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#long_running_queries ⇒ Object

show all queries longer than five minutes by descending duration



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 450

def long_running_queries
  query_column = self.query_column
  pid_column = self.pid_column
  sql = %Q(
    SELECT
      #{pid_column} AS process,
      now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start AS duration,
      #{query_column} AS query
    FROM
      pg_stat_activity
    WHERE
      pg_stat_activity.#{query_column} <> ''::text
      #{
        if nine_two?
          "AND state <> 'idle'"
        else
          "AND current_query <> '<IDLE>'"
        end
      }
      AND now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start > interval '#{@long_query_threshold}'
    ORDER BY
      now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start DESC;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#nine_two? ⇒ Boolean

Certain queries are dependent on the Postgres version

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 534

def nine_two?
  @connection.server_version >= 90200
end

#outliers ⇒ Object

show 10 queries that have longest execution time in aggregate. needs pg_stat_statements extension



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 485

def outliers
  return unless extension_loaded? 'pg_stat_statements'

  sql = %q(
      SELECT
        query AS qry,
        interval '1 millisecond' * total_time AS total_exec_time,
        to_char((total_time/sum(total_time) OVER()) * 100, 'FM90D0') || '%'  AS prop_exec_time,
        to_char(calls, 'FM999G999G999G990') AS ncalls,
        interval '1 millisecond' * (blk_read_time + blk_write_time) AS sync_io_time
      FROM
        pg_stat_statements WHERE userid = (SELECT usesysid FROM pg_user WHERE usename = current_user LIMIT 1)
      ORDER BY
      total_time DESC LIMIT 10
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#pid_column ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 542

def pid_column
  nine_two? ? 'pid' : 'procpid'
end

#port ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 529

def port
  @port || 5432
end

#query_column ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 538

def query_column
  nine_two? ? 'query' : 'current_query'
end

#records_rank ⇒ Object

show all tables and the number of rows in each ordered by number of rows descending



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 46

def records_rank
  execute_sql 'SELECT relname AS name, n_live_tup AS estimated_count FROM pg_stat_user_tables ORDER BY n_live_tup DESC;'
end

#reset_pg_stats_statements ⇒ Object

PG_STATS_STATEMENTS QUERIES reset pg_stats



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 479

def reset_pg_stats_statements
  return unless extension_loaded? 'pg_stat_statements'
  execute_sql 'SELECT pg_stat_statements_reset();'
end

#seq_scans ⇒ Object

show the count of sequential scans by table descending by order



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 41

def seq_scans
  execute_sql 'SELECT relname AS name, seq_scan as count FROM pg_stat_user_tables ORDER BY seq_scan DESC;'
end

#state_column ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 546

def state_column
  nine_two? ? 'state' : 'current_query'
end

#table_indexes_size ⇒ Object

show the total size of all the indexes on each table, descending by size



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 355

def table_indexes_size
   sql = %q(
     SELECT
       c.relname AS table,
       pg_size_pretty(pg_indexes_size(c.oid)) AS index_size
     FROM
       pg_class c
       LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON (n.oid = c.relnamespace)
     WHERE
       n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
       AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
       AND c.relkind='r'
     ORDER BY
       pg_indexes_size(c.oid) DESC;
   )

   execute_sql(sql)
end

#table_size ⇒ Object

TABLE QUERIES show the size of the tables (excluding indexes), descending by size



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 335

def table_size
  sql = %q(
    SELECT
      c.relname AS name,
      pg_size_pretty(pg_table_size(c.oid)) AS size
    FROM
      pg_class c
      LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON (n.oid = c.relnamespace)
    WHERE
      n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
      AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
      AND c.relkind='r'
    ORDER BY
    pg_table_size(c.oid) DESC;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#total_index_size ⇒ Object

show the total size of all indexes in MB



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 269

def total_index_size
  sql = %q(
     SELECT
       pg_size_pretty(sum(c.relpages::bigint*8192)::bigint) AS size
     FROM
       pg_class c
       LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON (n.oid = c.relnamespace)
     WHERE
       n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
       AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
       AND c.relkind='i';
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#total_table_size ⇒ Object

show the size of the tables (including indexes), descending by size



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 375

def total_table_size
  sql = %q(
    SELECT
      c.relname AS name,
      pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(c.oid)) AS size
    FROM
      pg_class c
      LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON (n.oid = c.relnamespace)
    WHERE
      n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
      AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
      AND c.relkind='r'
    ORDER BY
      pg_total_relation_size(c.oid) DESC;
  )

  execute_sql(sql)
end

#unused_indexes ⇒ Object

show unused and almost unused indexes, ordered by their size relative to the number of index scans. Exclude indexes of very small tables (less than 5 pages), where the planner will almost invariably select a sequential scan, but may not in the future as the table grows.



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 310

def unused_indexes
   sql = %q(
     SELECT
       schemaname || '.' || relname AS table,
       indexrelname AS index,
       pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid)) AS index_size,
       idx_scan as index_scans
     FROM
       pg_stat_user_indexes ui
     JOIN
       pg_index i ON ui.indexrelid = i.indexrelid
     WHERE NOT
       indisunique
       AND idx_scan < 50
       AND pg_relation_size(relid) > 5 * 8192
     ORDER BY
       pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid) / nullif(idx_scan, 0) DESC NULLS FIRST,
       pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid) DESC;
    )

   execute_sql(sql)
end

#vacuum_stats ⇒ Object

show dead rows and whether an automatic vacuum is expected to be triggered



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# File 'lib/postgres_monitor/monitor.rb', line 198

def vacuum_stats
   sql = %q(
    WITH table_opts AS (
      SELECT
        pg_class.oid, relname, nspname, array_to_string(reloptions, '') AS relopts
      FROM
         pg_class INNER JOIN pg_namespace ns ON relnamespace = ns.oid
    ), vacuum_settings AS (
      SELECT
        oid, relname, nspname,
        CASE
          WHEN relopts LIKE '%autovacuum_vacuum_threshold%'
            THEN regexp_replace(relopts, '.*autovacuum_vacuum_threshold=([0-9.]+).*', E'\\\\\\1')::integer
            ELSE current_setting('autovacuum_vacuum_threshold')::integer
          END AS autovacuum_vacuum_threshold,
        CASE
          WHEN relopts LIKE '%autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor%'
            THEN regexp_replace(relopts, '.*autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor=([0-9.]+).*', E'\\\\\\1')::real
            ELSE current_setting('autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor')::real
          END AS autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor
      FROM
        table_opts
    )
    SELECT
      vacuum_settings.nspname AS schema,
      vacuum_settings.relname AS table,
      to_char(psut.last_vacuum, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI') AS last_vacuum,
      to_char(psut.last_autovacuum, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI') AS last_autovacuum,
      to_char(pg_class.reltuples, '9G999G999G999') AS rowcount,
      to_char(psut.n_dead_tup, '9G999G999G999') AS dead_rowcount,
      to_char(autovacuum_vacuum_threshold
           + (autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor::numeric * pg_class.reltuples), '9G999G999G999') AS autovacuum_threshold,
      CASE
        WHEN autovacuum_vacuum_threshold + (autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor::numeric * pg_class.reltuples) < psut.n_dead_tup
          THEN
            'yes'
        ELSE
          'no'
      END AS expect_autovacuum
    FROM
      pg_stat_user_tables psut INNER JOIN pg_class ON psut.relid = pg_class.oid
        INNER JOIN vacuum_settings ON pg_class.oid = vacuum_settings.oid
    ORDER BY 1
 )

  execute_sql(sql)
end