Class: PacketGen::Packet

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/packetgen/packet.rb

Overview

An object of type Packet handles a network packet. This packet may contain multiple protocol headers, starting from MAC layer or from Network (OSI) layer.

Creating a packet is fairly simple:

Packet.gen 'IP', src: '192.168.1.1', dst: '192.168.1.2'

Create a packet

Packets may be hand-made or parsed from a binary string:

Packet.gen('IP', src: '192.168.1.1', dst: '192.168.1.2').add('UDP', sport: 45000, dport: 23)
Packet.parse(binary_string)

Access packet information

pkt = Packet.gen('IP').add('UDP')
# read information
pkt.udp.sport
pkt.ip.ttl
# set information
pkt.udp.dport = 2323
pkt.ip.ttl = 1
pkt.ip(ttl: 1, id: 1234)

Save a packet to a file

pkt.write('file.pcapng')

Get packets

Packets may be captured from wire:

Packet.capture do |packet|
  do_some_stuffs
end
packets = Packet.capture(iface: 'eth0', max: 5)  # get 5 packets from eth0

Packets may also be read from a file:

packets = Packet.read(file.pcapng)

Save packets to a file

Packet.write 'file.pcapng', packets

Author:

  • Sylvain Daubert

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize ⇒ Packet

Returns a new instance of Packet.



127
128
129
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 127

def initialize
  @headers = []
end

Instance Attribute Details

#headers ⇒ Array<Header::Base> (readonly)

Get packet headers, ordered as they appear in the packet.

Returns:



53
54
55
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 53

def headers
  @headers
end

Class Method Details

.capture(**kwargs) {|packet| ... } ⇒ Array<Packet>

Capture packets from wire. Same arguments as Capture#initialize

Yield Parameters:

  • packet (Packet, String) —

    if a block is given, yield each captured packet (Packet or raw data String, depending on :parse option)

Returns:

  • (Array<Packet>) —

    captured packet

See Also:



82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 82

def self.capture(**kwargs)
  capture = Capture.new(kwargs)
  if block_given?
    capture.start { |packet| yield packet }
  else
    capture.start
  end
  capture.packets
end

.gen(protocol, options = {}) ⇒ Packet

Create a new Packet

Parameters:

  • protocol (String) —

    base protocol for packet

  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    specific options for protocol

Returns:



59
60
61
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 59

def self.gen(protocol, options={})
  self.new.add protocol, options
end

.parse(binary_str, first_header: nil) ⇒ Packet

Parse a binary string and generate a Packet from it.

# auto-detect first header
Packet.parse str
# force decoding a Ethernet header for first header
Packet.parse str, first_header: 'Eth'

Parameters:

  • binary_str (String)
  • first_header (String, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    First protocol header. nil means discover it!

Returns:

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) —

    first_header is an unknown header



72
73
74
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 72

def self.parse(binary_str, first_header: nil)
  new.parse binary_str, first_header: first_header
end

.read(filename) ⇒ Array<Packet>

Read packets from filename. Mays read Pcap and Pcap-NG formats.

For more control, see PacketGen::PcapNG::File or PCAPRUB::Pcap.

Parameters:

  • filename (String) —

    PcapNG or Pcap file.

Returns:

Author:

  • Sylvain Daubert

  • Kent Gruber - Pcap format

Since:

  • 2.0.0 Also read Pcap format.



100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 100

def self.read(filename)
  PcapNG::File.new.read_packets filename
rescue StandardError => e
  raise ArgumentError, e unless File.extname(filename.downcase) == '.pcap'

  packets = []
  PCAPRUB::Pcap.open_offline(filename).each_packet do |packet|
    next unless (packet = PacketGen.parse(packet.to_s))

    packets << packet
  end
  packets
end

.write(filename, packets) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Write packets to filename

For more options, see PacketGen::PcapNG::File.

Parameters:

  • filename (String)
  • packets (Array<Packet>) —

    packets to write



120
121
122
123
124
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 120

def self.write(filename, packets)
  pf = PcapNG::File.new
  pf.array_to_file packets
  pf.to_f filename
end

Instance Method Details

#==(other) ⇒ Boolean

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


317
318
319
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 317

def ==(other)
  to_s == other.to_s
end

#add(protocol, options = {}) ⇒ self

Add a protocol header in packet.

Parameters:

  • protocol (String)
  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    protocol specific options

Returns:

  • (self)

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) —

    unknown protocol



136
137
138
139
140
141
142
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 136

def add(protocol, options={})
  klass = check_protocol(protocol)

  header = klass.new(options.merge!(packet: self))
  add_header header
  self
end

#body ⇒ Types

Get packet body

Returns:



198
199
200
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 198

def body
  last_header[:body] if last_header.respond_to? :body
end

#body=(str) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Set packet body

Parameters:

  • str (String) 


205
206
207
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 205

def body=(str)
  last_header.body = str
end

#calc ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Recalculate all calculatable fields (for now: length and checksum)



191
192
193
194
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 191

def calc
  calc_length
  calc_checksum
end

#calc_checksum ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Recalculate all packet checksums



175
176
177
178
179
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 175

def calc_checksum
  headers.reverse_each do |header|
    header.calc_checksum if header.respond_to? :calc_checksum
  end
end

#calc_length ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Recalculate all packet length fields



183
184
185
186
187
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 183

def calc_length
  headers.reverse_each do |header|
    header.calc_length if header.respond_to? :calc_length
  end
end

#decapsulate(*hdrs) ⇒ self

Remove headers from self

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (self) —

    self with some headers removed

Raises:

Since:

  • 1.1.0



267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 267

def decapsulate(*hdrs)
  hdrs.each do |hdr|
    idx = headers.index(hdr)
    raise FormatError, 'header not in packet!' if idx.nil?

    prev_hdr = idx > 0 ? headers[idx - 1] : nil
    next_hdr = (idx + 1) < headers.size ? headers[idx + 1] : nil
    headers.delete_at(idx)
    add_header(next_hdr, previous_header: prev_hdr) if prev_hdr && next_hdr
  end
rescue ArgumentError => ex
  raise FormatError, ex.message
end

#encapsulate(other, parsing: false) ⇒ self

Encapulate another packet in self

Parameters:

  • other (Packet)
  • parsing (Boolean) (defaults to: false) —

    set to true to not update last current header field from binding with first other’s one. Use only when current header field has its value set accordingly.

Returns:

  • (self) —

    self with new headers from other

Since:

  • 1.1.0



255
256
257
258
259
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 255

def encapsulate(other, parsing: false)
  other.headers.each_with_index do |h, i|
    add_header h, parsing: (i > 0) || parsing
  end
end

#insert(prev, protocol, options = {}) ⇒ self

Insert a header in packet

Parameters:

  • prev (Header) —

    header after which insert new one

  • protocol (String) —

    protocol to insert

  • options (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    protocol specific options

Returns:

  • (self)

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) —

    unknown protocol



150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 150

def insert(prev, protocol, options={})
  klass = check_protocol(protocol)

  nxt = prev.body
  header = klass.new(options.merge!(packet: self))
  add_header header, previous_header: prev
  idx = headers.index(prev) + 1
  headers[idx, 0] = header
  header[:body] = nxt
  self
end

#inspect ⇒ String

Get packet as a pretty formatted string.

Returns:

  • (String) 


307
308
309
310
311
312
313
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 307

def inspect
  str = Inspect.dashed_line(self.class)
  headers.each do |header|
    str << header.inspect
  end
  str << Inspect.inspect_body(body)
end

#is?(protocol) ⇒ Boolean

Check if a protocol header is embedded in packet.

pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('UDP')
pkt.is?('IP')   #=> true
pkt.is?('TCP')  #=> false

Returns:

  • (Boolean)

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) —

    unknown protocol



168
169
170
171
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 168

def is?(protocol)
  klass = check_protocol protocol
  headers.any? { |h| h.is_a? klass }
end

#parse(binary_str, first_header: nil) ⇒ Packet

Parse a binary string and populate Packet from it.

Parameters:

  • binary_str (String)
  • first_header (String, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    First protocol header. nil means discover it!

Returns:

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) —

    first_header is an unknown header



286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 286

def parse(binary_str, first_header: nil)
  headers.clear

  if first_header.nil?
    # No decoding forced for first header. Have to guess it!
    first_header = guess_first_header(binary_str)
    if first_header.nil?
      raise ParseError, 'cannot identify first header in string'
    end
  end

  add first_header
  headers[-1, 1] = last_header.read(binary_str)

  # Decode upper headers recursively
  decode_bottom_up
  self
end

#reply ⇒ Packet

Forge a new packet from current one with all possible fields inverted. The new packet may be a reply to current one.

Returns:

Since:

  • 2.7.0



335
336
337
338
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 335

def reply
  pkt = dup
  pkt.reply!
end

#reply! ⇒ self

Invert all possible fields in packet to create a reply.

Returns:

  • (self)

Since:

  • 2.7.0



324
325
326
327
328
329
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 324

def reply!
  headers.each do |header|
    header.reply! if header.respond_to?(:reply!)
  end
  self
end

#to_f(filename) ⇒ Array Also known as: write

Write packet to a PCapNG file on disk.

Parameters:

  • filename (String)

Returns:

See Also:

  • File


219
220
221
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 219

def to_f(filename)
  PcapNG::File.new.array_to_file(filename: filename, array: [self])
end

#to_s ⇒ String

Get binary string (i.e. binary string sent on or received from network).

Returns:

  • (String) 


211
212
213
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 211

def to_s
  first_header.to_s
end

#to_w(iface = nil, calc: true, number: 1, interval: 1) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Send packet on wire. Use first header #to_w method.

Parameters:

  • iface (String) (defaults to: nil) —

    interface name. Default to first non-loopback interface

  • calc (Boolean) (defaults to: true) —

    if true, call #calc on packet before sending it.

  • number (Integer) (defaults to: 1) —

    number of times to send the packets

  • interval (Integer, Float) (defaults to: 1) —

    time, in seconds, between sending 2 packets

Since:

  • 2.1.4 add ‘calc`, `number` and `interval` parameters

  • 3.0.0 calc defaults to true



232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
 
# File 'lib/packetgen/packet.rb', line 232

def to_w(iface=nil, calc: true, number: 1, interval: 1)
  iface ||= PacketGen.default_iface

  if first_header.respond_to? :to_w
    self.calc if calc

    number.times do
      first_header.to_w(iface)
      sleep interval if number > 1
    end
  else
    type = first_header.protocol_name
    raise WireError, "don't known how to send a #{type} packet on wire"
  end
end