Class: OpenSSL::X509::Certificate

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Marshal, Extension::AuthorityInfoAccess, Extension::AuthorityKeyIdentifier, Extension::CRLDistributionPoints, Extension::SubjectKeyIdentifier
Defined in:
ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c,
lib/openssl/x509.rb,
ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c

Overview

Implementation of an X.509 certificate as specified in RFC 5280. Provides access to a certificate’s attributes and allows certificates to be read from a string, but also supports the creation of new certificates from scratch.

Reading a certificate from a file

Certificate is capable of handling DER-encoded certificates and certificates encoded in OpenSSL’s PEM format.

raw = File.binread "cert.cer" # DER- or PEM-encoded
certificate = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new raw

Saving a certificate to a file

A certificate may be encoded in DER format

cert = ...
File.open("cert.cer", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_der }

or in PEM format

cert = ...
File.open("cert.pem", "wb") { |f| f.print cert.to_pem }

X.509 certificates are associated with a private/public key pair, typically a RSA, DSA or ECC key (see also OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA and OpenSSL::PKey::EC), the public key itself is stored within the certificate and can be accessed in form of an OpenSSL::PKey. Certificates are typically used to be able to associate some form of identity with a key pair, for example web servers serving pages over HTTPs use certificates to authenticate themselves to the user.

The public key infrastructure (PKI) model relies on trusted certificate authorities (“root CAs”) that issue these certificates, so that end users need to base their trust just on a selected few authorities that themselves again vouch for subordinate CAs issuing their certificates to end users.

The OpenSSL::X509 module provides the tools to set up an independent PKI, similar to scenarios where the ‘openssl’ command line tool is used for issuing certificates in a private PKI.

Creating a root CA certificate and an end-entity certificate

First, we need to create a “self-signed” root certificate. To do so, we need to generate a key first. Please note that the choice of “1” as a serial number is considered a security flaw for real certificates. Secure choices are integers in the two-digit byte range and ideally not sequential but secure random numbers, steps omitted here to keep the example concise.

root_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048 # the CA's public/private key
root_ca = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
root_ca.version = 2 # cf. RFC 5280 - to make it a "v3" certificate
root_ca.serial = 1
root_ca.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby CA"
root_ca.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA's are "self-signed"
root_ca.public_key = root_key.public_key
root_ca.not_before = Time.now
root_ca.not_after = root_ca.not_before + 2 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 2 years validity
ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new
ef.subject_certificate = root_ca
ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("basicConstraints","CA:TRUE",true))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","keyCertSign, cRLSign", true))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false))
root_ca.add_extension(ef.create_extension("authorityKeyIdentifier","keyid:always",false))
root_ca.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256'))

The next step is to create the end-entity certificate using the root CA certificate.

key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048
cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
cert.version = 2
cert.serial = 2
cert.subject = OpenSSL::X509::Name.parse "/DC=org/DC=ruby-lang/CN=Ruby certificate"
cert.issuer = root_ca.subject # root CA is the issuer
cert.public_key = key.public_key
cert.not_before = Time.now
cert.not_after = cert.not_before + 1 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 # 1 years validity
ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new
ef.subject_certificate = cert
ef.issuer_certificate = root_ca
cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("keyUsage","digitalSignature", true))
cert.add_extension(ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash",false))
cert.sign(root_key, OpenSSL::Digest.new('SHA256'))

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Extension::AuthorityInfoAccess

#ca_issuer_uris, #ocsp_uris

Methods included from Extension::Helpers

#find_extension

Methods included from Extension::CRLDistributionPoints

#crl_uris

Methods included from Extension::AuthorityKeyIdentifier

#authority_key_identifier

Methods included from Extension::SubjectKeyIdentifier

#subject_key_identifier

Methods included from Marshal

#_dump, included

Constructor Details

#new ⇒ Object #new(string) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 109

static VALUE
ossl_x509_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    BIO *in;
    X509 *x509, *x509_orig = RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self);
    VALUE arg;

    rb_check_frozen(self);
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg) == 0) {
        /* create just empty X509Cert */
        return self;
    }
    arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
    in = ossl_obj2bio(&arg);
    x509 = d2i_X509_bio(in, NULL);
    if (!x509) {
        OSSL_BIO_reset(in);
        x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }
    BIO_free(in);
    if (!x509)
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "PEM_read_bio_X509");

    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = x509;
    X509_free(x509_orig);

    return self;
}

Class Method Details

.OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.load(string) ⇒ Array .OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.load(file) ⇒ Array

Read the chained certificates from the given input. Supports both PEM and DER encoded certificates.

PEM is a text format and supports more than one certificate.

DER is a binary format and only supports one certificate.

If the file is empty, or contains only unrelated data, an OpenSSL::X509::CertificateError exception will be raised.

Overloads:

  • .OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.load(string) ⇒ Array

    Returns:

    • (Array)
  • .OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.load(file) ⇒ Array

    Returns:

    • (Array) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 867

static VALUE
ossl_x509_load(VALUE klass, VALUE buffer)
{
    BIO *in = ossl_obj2bio(&buffer);

    return rb_ensure(load_chained_certificates, (VALUE)in, load_chained_certificates_ensure, (VALUE)in);
}

.load_file(path) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/openssl/x509.rb', line 369

def self.load_file(path)
  load(File.binread(path))
end

Instance Method Details

#==(cert2) ⇒ Object

Compares the two certificates. Note that this takes into account all fields, not just the issuer name and the serial number.

This method uses X509_cmp() from OpenSSL, which compares certificates based on their cached DER encodings. The comparison can be unreliable if a certificate is incomplete.

See also the man page X509_cmp(3).



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 681

static VALUE
ossl_x509_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    X509 *a, *b;

    GetX509(self, a);
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cX509Cert))
        return Qfalse;
    GetX509(other, b);

    return !X509_cmp(a, b) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#add_extension(extension) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 653

static VALUE
ossl_x509_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    ext = GetX509ExtPtr(extension);
    if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext - FREE it */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return extension;
}

#check_private_key(key) ⇒ Object

Returns true if key is the corresponding private key to the Subject Public Key Information, false otherwise.



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 580

static VALUE
ossl_x509_check_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    /* not needed private key, but should be */
    pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_check_private_key(x509, pkey)) {
        ossl_clear_error();
        return Qfalse;
    }

    return Qtrue;
}

#extensions ⇒ Array

Returns:

  • (Array) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 601

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_extensions(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    int count, i;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
    VALUE ary;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    count = X509_get_ext_count(x509);
    ary = rb_ary_new_capa(count);
    for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
        ext = X509_get_ext(x509, i); /* NO DUP - don't free! */
        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509ext_new(ext));
    }

    return ary;
}

#extensions=(ary) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 624

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_EXTENSION *ext;
    long i;

    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
    /* All ary's members should be X509Extension */
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
        OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), cX509Ext);
    }
    GetX509(self, x509);
    for (i = X509_get_ext_count(x509); i > 0; i--)
        X509_EXTENSION_free(X509_delete_ext(x509, 0));
    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
        ext = GetX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i));
        if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext */
            ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_add_ext");
        }
    }

    return ary;
}

#initialize_copy(other) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 139

static VALUE
ossl_x509_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    X509 *a, *b, *x509;

    rb_check_frozen(self);
    if (self == other) return self;

    GetX509(self, a);
    GetX509(other, b);

    x509 = X509_dup(b);
    if (!x509) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    DATA_PTR(self) = x509;
    X509_free(a);

    return self;
}

#inspect ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/openssl/x509.rb', line 349

def inspect
  "#<#{self.class}: " \
    "subject=#{subject.inspect}, " \
    "issuer=#{issuer.inspect}, " \
    "serial=#{serial.inspect}, " \
    "not_before=#{not_before.inspect rescue "(error)"}, " \
    "not_after=#{not_after.inspect rescue "(error)"}>"
end

#issuer ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 379

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_issuer(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_NAME *name;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if(!(name = X509_get_issuer_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_x509name_new(name);
}

#issuer=(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 397

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_issuer_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(issuer))) { /* DUPs name */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return issuer;
}

#not_after ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 453

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_not_after(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    const ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notAfter(x509))) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
}

#not_after=(time) ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 471

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_not_after(VALUE self, VALUE time)
{
    X509 *x509;
    ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
    if (!X509_set1_notAfter(x509, asn1time)) {
        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notAfter");
    }
    ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);

    return time;
}

#not_before ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 414

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_not_before(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    const ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(asn1time = X509_get0_notBefore(x509))) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
}

#not_before=(time) ⇒ Time

Returns:

  • (Time) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 432

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_not_before(VALUE self, VALUE time)
{
    X509 *x509;
    ASN1_TIME *asn1time;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    asn1time = ossl_x509_time_adjust(NULL, time);
    if (!X509_set1_notBefore(x509, asn1time)) {
        ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_notBefore");
    }
    ASN1_TIME_free(asn1time);

    return time;
}

#pretty_print(q) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/openssl/x509.rb', line 358

def pretty_print(q)
  q.object_group(self) {
    q.breakable
    q.text 'subject='; q.pp self.subject; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'issuer='; q.pp self.issuer; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'serial='; q.pp self.serial; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'not_before='; q.pp self.not_before; q.text ','; q.breakable
    q.text 'not_after='; q.pp self.not_after
  }
end

#public_key ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 492

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_public_key(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509))) { /* adds an reference */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_pkey_wrap(pkey);
}

#public_key=(key) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 510

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
    ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
    if (!X509_set_pubkey(x509, pkey))
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_set_pubkey");
    return key;
}

#serial ⇒ Integer

Returns:



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 293

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_serial(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    return asn1integer_to_num(X509_get_serialNumber(x509));
}

#serial=(integer) ⇒ Integer

Returns:



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 307

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    X509_set_serialNumber(x509, num_to_asn1integer(num, X509_get_serialNumber(x509)));

    return num;
}

#sign(key, digest) ⇒ self

Returns:

  • (self) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 528

static VALUE
ossl_x509_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
    const EVP_MD *md;
    VALUE md_holder;

    pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
    /* NULL needed for some key types, e.g. Ed25519 */
    md = NIL_P(digest) ? NULL : ossl_evp_md_fetch(digest, &md_holder);
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_sign(x509, pkey, md))
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "X509_sign");

    return self;
}

#signature_algorithm ⇒ String

Returns the signature algorithm used to sign this certificate. This returns the algorithm name found in the TBSCertificate structure, not the outer Certificate structure.

Returns the long name of the signature algorithm, or the dotted decimal notation if OpenSSL does not define a long name for it.

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 329

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    const ASN1_OBJECT *obj;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    X509_ALGOR_get0(&obj, NULL, NULL, X509_get0_tbs_sigalg(x509));
    return ossl_asn1obj_to_string_long_name(obj);
}

#subject ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 344

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_subject(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    X509_NAME *name;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!(name = X509_get_subject_name(x509))) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return ossl_x509name_new(name);
}

#subject=(name) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 362

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_subject_name(x509, GetX509NamePtr(subject))) { /* DUPs name */
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return subject;
}

#tbs_bytes ⇒ String

Returns the DER-encoded bytes of the certificate’s to be signed certificate. This is mainly useful for validating embedded certificate transparency signatures.

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 701

static VALUE
ossl_x509_tbs_bytes(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    int len;
    unsigned char *p0;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    len = i2d_re_X509_tbs(x509, NULL);
    if (len <= 0) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "i2d_re_X509_tbs");
    }
    str = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
    p0 = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
    if (i2d_re_X509_tbs(x509, &p0) <= 0) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "i2d_re_X509_tbs");
    }
    ossl_str_adjust(str, p0);

    return str;
}

#to_der ⇒ String

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 163

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    VALUE str;
    long len;
    unsigned char *p;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    if ((len = i2d_X509(x509, NULL)) <= 0)
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
    if (i2d_X509(x509, &p) <= 0)
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    ossl_str_adjust(str, p);

    return str;
}

#to_pem ⇒ String Also known as: to_s

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 187

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_pem(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    BIO *out;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(out, x509)) {
        BIO_free(out);
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
    str = ossl_membio2str(out);

    return str;
}

#to_text ⇒ String

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 211

static VALUE
ossl_x509_to_text(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;
    BIO *out;
    VALUE str;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!out) ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);

    if (!X509_print(out, x509)) {
        BIO_free(out);
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
    str = ossl_membio2str(out);

    return str;
}

#verify(key) ⇒ Object

Verifies the signature of the certificate, with the public key key. key must be an instance of OpenSSL::PKey.



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 553

static VALUE
ossl_x509_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
{
    X509 *x509;
    EVP_PKEY *pkey;

    GetX509(self, x509);
    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(key);
    ossl_pkey_check_public_key(pkey);
    switch (X509_verify(x509, pkey)) {
      case 1:
        return Qtrue;
      case 0:
        ossl_clear_error();
        return Qfalse;
      default:
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }
}

#version ⇒ Integer

Returns:



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 258

static VALUE
ossl_x509_get_version(VALUE self)
{
    X509 *x509;

    GetX509(self, x509);

    return LONG2NUM(X509_get_version(x509));
}

#version=(integer) ⇒ Integer

Returns:



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# File 'ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c', line 272

static VALUE
ossl_x509_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
{
    X509 *x509;
    long ver;

    if ((ver = NUM2LONG(version)) < 0) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "version must be >= 0!");
    }
    GetX509(self, x509);
    if (!X509_set_version(x509, ver)) {
        ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
    }

    return version;
}