Class: Numo::NArray

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
ext/numo/narray/narray.c,
lib/numo/narray/extra.rb,
ext/numo/narray/narray.c

Overview

Numo::NArray is the abstract super class for Numerical N-dimensional Array in the Ruby/Numo module. Use Typed Subclasses of NArray (Numo::DFloat, Int32, etc) to create data array instances.

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: CastError, DimensionError, OperationError, ShapeError, ValueError

Constant Summary collapse

VERSION = 
rb_str_new2(NARRAY_VERSION)
@@warn_slow_dot = 
false

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(shape) ⇒ Numo::NArray #initialize(size0, size1, ...) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Constructs an instance of NArray class using the given and shape or sizes. Note that NArray itself is an abstract super class and not suitable to create instances. Use Typed Subclasses of NArray (DFloat, Int32, etc) to create instances. This method does not allocate memory for array data. Memory is allocated on write method such as #fill, #store, #seq, etc.

Examples:

i = Numo::Int64.new([2,4,3])
# => Numo::Int64#shape=[2,4,3](empty)

f = Numo::DFloat.new(3,4)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,4](empty)

f.fill(2)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,4]
# [[2, 2, 2, 2],
#  [2, 2, 2, 2],
#  [2, 2, 2, 2]]

x = Numo::NArray.new(5)
# => in `new': allocator undefined for Numo::NArray (TypeError)
#   	from t.rb:9:in `<main>'

Parameters:

  • shape (Array) —

    (array of sizes along each dimension)

  • sizeN (Integer) —

    (size along Nth-dimension)



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 354

static VALUE na_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
  VALUE v;
  size_t* shape = NULL;
  int ndim;

  if (RARRAY_LEN(args) == 1) {
    v = RARRAY_AREF(args, 0);
    if (TYPE(v) != T_ARRAY) {
      v = args;
    }
  } else {
    v = args;
  }
  ndim = (int)RARRAY_LEN(v);
  if (ndim > NA_MAX_DIMENSION) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "ndim=%d exceeds maximum dimension", ndim);
  }
  shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, ndim);
  // setup size_t shape[] from VALUE shape argument
  na_array_to_internal_shape(self, v, shape);
  na_setup(self, ndim, shape);

  return self;
}

Class Method Details

.[](elements) ⇒ NArray

Generate NArray object. NArray datatype is automatically selected.

Parameters:

  • elements (Numeric, Array)

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/array.c', line 439

static VALUE nary_s_bracket(VALUE klass, VALUE ary) {
  VALUE dtype = Qnil;

  if (TYPE(ary) != T_ARRAY) {
    rb_bug("Argument is not array");
  }
  dtype = na_ary_composition_dtype(ary);
  check_subclass_of_narray(dtype);
  return rb_funcall(dtype, id_cast, 1, ary);
}

.array_type(ary) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/array.c', line 429

static VALUE na_s_array_type(VALUE mod, VALUE ary) {
  return na_ary_composition_dtype(ary);
}

.asarray(a) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 117

def self.asarray(a)
  case a
  when NArray
    a.ndim == 0 ? a[:new] : a
  when Numeric, Range
    self[a]
  else
    cast(a)
  end
end

.byte_size ⇒ Numeric

Returns byte size of one element of NArray.

Returns:

  • (Numeric) —

    byte size.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1222

static VALUE nary_s_byte_size(VALUE type) {
  return rb_const_get(type, id_element_byte_size);
}

.cast(a) ⇒ Object

Convert the argument to an narray if not an narray.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 103

def self.cast(a)
  case a
  when NArray
    a
  when Array, Numeric
    NArray.array_type(a).cast(a)
  else
    raise TypeError, 'invalid type for NArray' unless a.respond_to?(:to_a)

    a = a.to_a
    NArray.array_type(a).cast(a)
  end
end

.column_stack(arrays) ⇒ Object

Stack 1-d arrays into columns of a 2-d array.

Examples:

x = Numo::Int32[1,2,3]
y = Numo::Int32[2,3,4]
Numo::NArray.column_stack([x,y])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [2, 3],
#  [3, 4]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 551

def column_stack(arrays)
  arys = arrays.map do |a|
    a = cast(a)
    case a.ndim
    when 0 then a[:new, :new]
    when 1 then a[true, :new]
    else; a
    end
  end
  concatenate(arys, axis: 1)
end

.concatenate(arrays, axis: 0) ⇒ Object

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4]]

b = Numo::DFloat[[5, 6]]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[1,2]
# [[5, 6]]

Numo::NArray.concatenate([a,b],axis:0)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4],
#  [5, 6]]

Numo::NArray.concatenate([a,b.transpose], axis:1)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,3]
# [[1, 2, 5],
#  [3, 4, 6]]

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 414

def concatenate(arrays, axis: 0)
  klass = self == NArray ? NArray.array_type(arrays) : self
  nd = 0
  arrays = arrays.map do |a|
    case a
    when NArray
      # ok
    when Numeric
      a = klass[a]
    when Array
      a = klass.cast(a)
    else
      raise TypeError, "not Numo::NArray: #{a.inspect[0..48]}"
    end
    nd = a.ndim if a.ndim > nd
    a
  end
  axis += nd if axis < 0
  raise ArgumentError, 'axis is out of range' if axis < 0 || axis >= nd

  new_shape = nil
  sum_size = 0
  arrays.each do |a|
    a_shape = a.shape
    a_shape = ([1] * (nd - a_shape.size)) + a_shape if nd != a_shape.size # rubocop:disable Performance/CollectionLiteralInLoop
    sum_size += a_shape.delete_at(axis)
    if new_shape
      raise ShapeError, 'shape mismatch' if new_shape != a_shape
    else
      new_shape = a_shape
    end
  end
  new_shape.insert(axis, sum_size)
  result = klass.zeros(*new_shape)
  lst = 0
  refs = [true] * nd
  arrays.each do |a|
    fst = lst
    lst = fst + (a.shape[axis - nd] || 1)
    if lst > fst
      refs[axis] = fst...lst
      result[*refs] = a
    end
  end
  result
end

.debug=(flag) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1711

static VALUE na_debug_set(VALUE mod, VALUE flag) {
  na_debug_flag = RTEST(flag);
  return Qnil;
}

.diag_indices(m, n, k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the k-th diagonal indices.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1030

def self.diag_indices(m, n, k = 0)
  x = Numo::Int64.new(m, 1).seq + k
  y = Numo::Int64.new(1, n).seq
  (x.eq y).where
end

.dstack(arrays) ⇒ Object

Stack arrays in depth wise (along third axis).

Examples:

a = Numo::Int32[1,2,3]
b = Numo::Int32[2,3,4]
Numo::NArray.dstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[1,3,2]
# [[[1, 2],
#   [2, 3],
#   [3, 4]]]

a = Numo::Int32[[1],[2],[3]]
b = Numo::Int32[[2],[3],[4]]
Numo::NArray.dstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,1,2]
# [[[1, 2]],
#  [[2, 3]],
#  [[3, 4]]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 534

def dstack(arrays)
  arys = arrays.map do |a|
    _atleast_3d(cast(a))
  end
  concatenate(arys, axis: 2)
end

.eye(n) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns a NArray with shape=(n,n) whose diagonal elements are 1, otherwise 0.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.eye(3)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,3]
# [[1, 0, 0],
#  [0, 1, 0],
#  [0, 0, 1]]

Parameters:

  • n (Integer) —

    Size of NArray. Creates 2-D NArray with shape=(n,n)

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 547

static VALUE na_s_eye(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
  VALUE obj;
  VALUE tmp[2];

  if (argc == 0) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "No argument");
  } else if (argc == 1) {
    tmp[0] = tmp[1] = argv[0];
    argv = tmp;
    argc = 2;
  }
  obj = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
  return rb_funcall(obj, id_eye, 0);
}

.from_binary(string, [shape]) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns a new 1-D array initialized from binary raw data in a string.

Parameters:

  • string (String) —

    Binary raw data.

  • shape (Array) —

    array of integers representing array shape.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1233

static VALUE nary_s_from_binary(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE type) {
  size_t len, str_len, byte_size;
  size_t* shape;
  int i, nd, narg;
  VALUE vstr, vshape, vna;
  VALUE velmsz;

  narg = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &vstr, &vshape);
  Check_Type(vstr, T_STRING);
  str_len = RSTRING_LEN(vstr);
  velmsz = rb_const_get(type, id_element_byte_size);
  if (narg == 2) {
    switch (TYPE(vshape)) {
    case T_FIXNUM:
      nd = 1;
      len = NUM2SIZET(vshape);
      shape = &len;
      break;
    case T_ARRAY:
      nd = (int)RARRAY_LEN(vshape);
      if (nd > NA_MAX_DIMENSION) {
        rb_raise(nary_eDimensionError, "shape exceeds max dimension");
      }
      shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, nd);
      len = 1;
      for (i = 0; i < nd; ++i) {
        len *= shape[i] = NUM2SIZET(RARRAY_AREF(vshape, i));
      }
      break;
    default:
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "second argument must be size or shape");
    }
    if (FIXNUM_P(velmsz)) {
      byte_size = len * NUM2SIZET(velmsz);
    } else {
      byte_size = ceil(len * NUM2DBL(velmsz));
    }
    if (byte_size > str_len) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "specified size is too large");
    }
  } else {
    nd = 1;
    if (FIXNUM_P(velmsz)) {
      len = str_len / NUM2SIZET(velmsz);
      byte_size = len * NUM2SIZET(velmsz);
    } else {
      len = floor(str_len / NUM2DBL(velmsz));
      byte_size = str_len;
    }
    if (len == 0) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string is empty or too short");
    }
    shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, nd);
    shape[0] = len;
  }

  vna = nary_new(type, nd, shape);
  if (OBJ_FROZEN(vstr)) {
    na_set_pointer(vna, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), byte_size);
    rb_ivar_set(vna, id_source, vstr);
  } else {
    void* ptr = na_get_pointer_for_write(vna);
    memcpy(ptr, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), byte_size);
  }

  return vna;
}

.hstack(arrays) ⇒ Object

Stack arrays horizontally (column wise).

Examples:

a = Numo::Int32[1,2,3]
b = Numo::Int32[2,3,4]
Numo::NArray.hstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[6]
# [1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4]

a = Numo::Int32[[1],[2],[3]]
b = Numo::Int32[[2],[3],[4]]
Numo::NArray.hstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [2, 3],
#  [3, 4]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 504

def hstack(arrays)
  klass = self == NArray ? NArray.array_type(arrays) : self
  nd = 0
  arys = arrays.map do |a|
    a = klass.cast(a)
    nd = a.ndim if a.ndim > nd
    a
  end
  dim = nd >= 2 ? 1 : 0
  concatenate(arys, axis: dim)
end

.inspect_cols ⇒ Integer or nil

Returns the number of cols used for NArray#inspect

Returns:

  • (Integer or nil) —

    the number of cols.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1760

static VALUE na_inspect_cols(VALUE mod) {
  if (numo_na_inspect_cols > 0) {
    return INT2NUM(numo_na_inspect_cols);
  } else {
    return Qnil;
  }
}

.inspect_cols=(cols) ⇒ nil

Set the number of cols used for NArray#inspect

Parameters:

  • cols (Integer or nil) —

    the number of cols

Returns:

  • (nil) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1774

static VALUE na_inspect_cols_set(VALUE mod, VALUE num) {
  if (RTEST(num)) {
    numo_na_inspect_cols = NUM2INT(num);
  } else {
    numo_na_inspect_cols = 0;
  }
  return Qnil;
}

.inspect_rows ⇒ Integer or nil

Returns the number of rows used for NArray#inspect

Returns:

  • (Integer or nil) —

    the number of rows.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1732

static VALUE na_inspect_rows(VALUE mod) {
  if (numo_na_inspect_rows > 0) {
    return INT2NUM(numo_na_inspect_rows);
  } else {
    return Qnil;
  }
}

.inspect_rows=(rows) ⇒ nil

Set the number of rows used for NArray#inspect

Parameters:

  • rows (Integer or nil) —

    the number of rows

Returns:

  • (nil) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1746

static VALUE na_inspect_rows_set(VALUE mod, VALUE num) {
  if (RTEST(num)) {
    numo_na_inspect_rows = NUM2INT(num);
  } else {
    numo_na_inspect_rows = 0;
  }
  return Qnil;
}

.linspace(x1, x2, [n]) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns an array of N linearly spaced points between x1 and x2. This singleton method is valid not for NArray class itself but for typed NArray subclasses, e.g., DFloat, Int64.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.linspace(-5,5,7)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[7]
# [-5, -3.33333, -1.66667, 0, 1.66667, 3.33333, 5]

Parameters:

  • x1 (Numeric) —

    The start value

  • x2 (Numeric) —

    The end value

  • n (Integer) —

    The number of elements. (default is 100).

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 472

static VALUE na_s_linspace(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
  VALUE obj, vx1, vx2, vstep, vsize;
  double n;
  int narg;

  narg = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &vx1, &vx2, &vsize);
  if (narg == 3) {
    n = NUM2DBL(vsize);
  } else {
    n = 100;
    vsize = INT2FIX(100);
  }

  obj = rb_funcall(vx2, '-', 1, vx1);
  vstep = rb_funcall(obj, '/', 1, DBL2NUM(n - 1));

  obj = rb_class_new_instance(1, &vsize, klass);
  return rb_funcall(obj, id_seq, 2, vx1, vstep);
}

.logspace(a, b, [n, base]) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns an array of N logarithmically spaced points between 10^a and 10^b. This singleton method is valid not for NArray having logseq method, i.e., DFloat, SFloat, DComplex, and SComplex.

Examples:

Numo::DFloat.logspace(4,0,5,2)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[5]
# [16, 8, 4, 2, 1]

Numo::DComplex.logspace(0,1i*Math::PI,5,Math::E)
# => Numo::DComplex#shape=[5]
# [1+4.44659e-323i, 0.707107+0.707107i, 6.12323e-17+1i, -0.707107+0.707107i, ...]

Parameters:

  • a (Numeric) —

    The start value

  • b (Numeric) —

    The end value

  • n (Integer) —

    The number of elements. (default is 50)

  • base (Numeric) —

    The base of log space. (default is 10)

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 513

static VALUE na_s_logspace(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
  VALUE obj, vx1, vx2, vstep, vsize, vbase;
  double n;

  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &vx1, &vx2, &vsize, &vbase);
  if (vsize == Qnil) {
    vsize = INT2FIX(50);
    n = 50;
  } else {
    n = NUM2DBL(vsize);
  }
  if (vbase == Qnil) {
    vbase = DBL2NUM(10);
  }

  obj = rb_funcall(vx2, '-', 1, vx1);
  vstep = rb_funcall(obj, '/', 1, DBL2NUM(n - 1));

  obj = rb_class_new_instance(1, &vsize, klass);
  return rb_funcall(obj, id_logseq, 3, vx1, vstep, vbase);
}

.new_like(obj) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Generate new unallocated NArray instance with shape and type defined from obj. Numo::NArray.new_like(obj) returns instance whose type is defined from obj. Numo::DFloat.new_like(obj) returns DFloat instance.

Examples:

Numo::NArray.new_like([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,3](empty)

Numo::DFloat.new_like([[1,2],[3,4]])
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,2](empty)

Numo::NArray.new_like([1,2i,3])
# => Numo::DComplex#shape=[3](empty)

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/array.c', line 413

VALUE
na_s_new_like(VALUE type, VALUE obj) {
  VALUE newary;

  na_composition3(obj, &type, 0, &newary);
  return newary;
}

.ones(shape) ⇒ Object .ones(size1, size2, ...) ⇒ Object

Returns a one-filled narray with shape. This singleton method is valid not for NArray class itself but for typed NArray subclasses, e.g., DFloat, Int64.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.ones(3,5)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,5]
# [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
#  [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
#  [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 450

static VALUE na_s_ones(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
  VALUE obj;
  obj = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
  return rb_funcall(obj, id_fill, 1, INT2FIX(1));
}

.parse(str, split1d: /\s+/, split2d: /;?$|;/, split3d: /\s*\n(\s*\n)+/m) ⇒ Object

parse matrix like matlab, octave

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.parse %[
 2 -3 5
 4 9 7
 2 -1 6
]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,3]
# [[2, -3, 5],
#  [4, 9, 7],
#  [2, -1, 6]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 140

def self.parse(str, split1d: /\s+/, split2d: /;?$|;/,
               split3d: /\s*\n(\s*\n)+/m)
  a = []
  str.split(split3d).each do |block|
    b = []
    # print "b"; p block
    block.split(split2d).each do |line|
      # p line
      line.strip!
      next if line.empty?

      c = []
      line.split(split1d).each do |item|
        c << eval(item.strip) unless item.empty? # rubocop:disable Security/Eval
      end
      b << c unless c.empty?
    end
    a << b unless b.empty?
  end
  if a.size == 1
    cast(a[0])
  else
    cast(a)
  end
end

.profile ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1718

static VALUE na_profile(VALUE mod) {
  return rb_float_new(na_profile_value);
}

.profile=(val) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1722

static VALUE na_profile_set(VALUE mod, VALUE val) {
  na_profile_value = NUM2DBL(val);
  return val;
}

.tril_indices(m, n, k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the indices for the lower-triangle on and below the k-th diagonal.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1015

def self.tril_indices(m, n, k = 0)
  x = Numo::Int64.new(m, 1).seq + k
  y = Numo::Int64.new(1, n).seq
  (x >= y).where
end

.triu_indices(m, n, k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the indices for the upper-triangle on and above the k-th diagonal.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 978

def self.triu_indices(m, n, k = 0)
  x = Numo::Int64.new(m, 1).seq + k
  y = Numo::Int64.new(1, n).seq
  (x <= y).where
end

.upcast(type2) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1164

VALUE
numo_na_upcast(VALUE type1, VALUE type2) {
  VALUE upcast_hash;
  VALUE result_type;

  if (type1 == type2) {
    return type1;
  }
  upcast_hash = rb_const_get(type1, id_UPCAST);
  result_type = rb_hash_aref(upcast_hash, type2);
  if (NIL_P(result_type)) {
    if (TYPE(type2) == T_CLASS) {
      if (RTEST(rb_class_inherited_p(type2, cNArray))) {
        upcast_hash = rb_const_get(type2, id_UPCAST);
        result_type = rb_hash_aref(upcast_hash, type1);
      }
    }
  }
  return result_type;
}

.vstack(arrays) ⇒ Object

Stack arrays vertically (row wise).

Examples:

a = Numo::Int32[1,2,3]
b = Numo::Int32[2,3,4]
Numo::NArray.vstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,3]
# [[1, 2, 3],
#  [2, 3, 4]]

a = Numo::Int32[[1],[2],[3]]
b = Numo::Int32[[2],[3],[4]]
Numo::NArray.vstack([a,b])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[6,1]
# [[1],
#  [2],
#  [3],
#  [2],
#  [3],
#  [4]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 481

def vstack(arrays)
  arys = arrays.map do |a|
    _atleast_2d(cast(a))
  end
  concatenate(arys, axis: 0)
end

.zeros(shape) ⇒ Object .zeros(size1, size2, ...) ⇒ Object

Returns a zero-filled narray with shape. This singleton method is valid not for NArray class itself but for typed NArray subclasses, e.g., DFloat, Int64.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.zeros(3,5)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,5]
# [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
#  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
#  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 429

static VALUE na_s_zeros(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
  VALUE obj;
  obj = rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass);
  return rb_funcall(obj, id_fill, 1, INT2FIX(0));
}

Instance Method Details

#==(other) ⇒ Boolean

Equality of self and other in view of numerical array. i.e., both arrays have same shape and corresponding elements are equal.

Parameters:

  • other (Object)

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true if self and other is equal.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1790

static VALUE na_equal(VALUE self, volatile VALUE other) {
  volatile VALUE vbool;
  narray_t *na1, *na2;
  int i;

  GetNArray(self, na1);

  if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cNArray)) {
    other = rb_funcall(rb_obj_class(self), id_cast, 1, other);
  }

  GetNArray(other, na2);
  if (na1->ndim != na2->ndim) {
    return Qfalse;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < na1->ndim; i++) {
    if (na1->shape[i] != na2->shape[i]) {
      return Qfalse;
    }
  }
  if (na1->size == 0) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  vbool = rb_funcall(self, id_eq, 1, other);
  return (rb_funcall(vbool, id_count_false, 0) == INT2FIX(0)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#[] ⇒ Object

#[]= ⇒ Object

#append(other, axis: nil) ⇒ Object

Append values to the end of an narray.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat[1, 2, 3]
a.append([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[9]
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

a = Numo::DFloat[[1, 2, 3]]
a.append([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]],axis:0)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,3]
# [[1, 2, 3],
#  [4, 5, 6],
#  [7, 8, 9]]

a = Numo::DFloat[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
a.append([7, 8, 9], axis:0)
# in `append': dimension mismatch (Numo::NArray::DimensionError)


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 229

def append(other, axis: nil)
  other = self.class.cast(other)
  if axis
    raise DimensionError, 'dimension mismatch' if ndim != other.ndim

    concatenate(other, axis: axis)
  else
    a = self.class.zeros(size + other.size)
    a[0...size] = self[true]
    a[size..-1] = other[true]
    a
  end
end

#at(dim0, ..., dimL) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Multi-dimensional array indexing. Similar to numpy’s tuple indexing, i.e., ‘a[,[3,4,..]]` Same as Numo::NArray#[] for one-dimensional NArray.

Examples:

x = Numo::DFloat.new(3,3,3).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,3,3]
#  [[[0, 1, 2],
#    [3, 4, 5],
#    [6, 7, 8]],
#   [[9, 10, 11],
#    [12, 13, 14],
#    [15, 16, 17]],
#   [[18, 19, 20],
#    [21, 22, 23],
#    [24, 25, 26]]]

x.at([0,1,2],[0,1,2],[-1,-2,-3])
# => Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3]
#  [2, 13, 24]

Parameters:

Returns:

See Also:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/index.c', line 1046

static VALUE na_at(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  int i;
  size_t n;
  ssize_t stride = 1;
  narray_t* na;
  VALUE idx = Qnil;

  na_index_arg_to_internal_order(argc, argv, self);

  GetNArray(self, na);
  if (NA_NDIM(na) != argc) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "the number of argument must be same as dimension");
  }
  for (i = argc; i > 0;) {
    i--;
    n = NA_SHAPE(na)[i];
    na_at_parse_each(argv[i], n, i, &idx, stride);
    stride *= n;
  }
  return na_aref_main(1, &idx, self, 1, 1);
}

#byte_size ⇒ Integer

Returns total byte size of NArray.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    byte size.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1206

static VALUE nary_byte_size(VALUE self) {
  VALUE velmsz;
  narray_t* na;

  GetNArray(self, na);
  velmsz = rb_const_get(rb_obj_class(self), id_element_byte_size);
  if (FIXNUM_P(velmsz)) {
    return SIZET2NUM(NUM2SIZET(velmsz) * na->size);
  }
  return SIZET2NUM(ceil(NUM2DBL(velmsz) * na->size));
}

#byte_swapped? ⇒ Boolean Also known as: network_order?

Return true if byte swapped.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1657

static VALUE na_byte_swapped_p(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_BYTE_SWAPPED(self)) return Qtrue;
  return Qfalse;
}

#cast_to(datatype) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Cast self to another NArray datatype.

Parameters:

  • datatype (Class) —

    NArray datatype.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1464

static VALUE nary_cast_to(VALUE obj, VALUE type) {
  return rb_funcall(type, id_cast, 1, obj);
}

#coerce(other) ⇒ Array

Returns an array containing other and self, both are converted to upcasted type of NArray. Note that NArray has distinct UPCAST mechanism. Coerce is used for operation between non-NArray and NArray.

Parameters:

  • other (Object) —

    numeric object.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    NArray-casted [other,self]



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1194

static VALUE nary_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y) {
  VALUE type;

  type = numo_na_upcast(rb_obj_class(x), rb_obj_class(y));
  y = rb_funcall(type, id_cast, 1, y);
  return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
}

#column_major? ⇒ Boolean

Return true if column major.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1637

static VALUE na_column_major_p(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_COLUMN_MAJOR(self))
    return Qtrue;
  else
    return Qfalse;
}

#concatenate(*arrays, axis: 0) ⇒ Object

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4]]

b = Numo::DFloat[[5, 6]]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[1,2]
# [[5, 6]]

a.concatenate(b,axis:0)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4],
#  [5, 6]]

a.concatenate(b.transpose, axis:1)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,3]
# [[1, 2, 5],
#  [3, 4, 6]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 606

def concatenate(*arrays, axis: 0)
  axis = check_axis(axis)
  self_shape = shape
  self_shape.delete_at(axis)
  sum_size = shape[axis]
  arrays.map! do |a|
    case a
    when NArray
      # ok
    when Numeric
      a = self.class.new(1).store(a)
    when Array
      a = self.class.cast(a)
    else
      raise TypeError, "not Numo::NArray: #{a.inspect[0..48]}"
    end
    raise ShapeError, 'dimension mismatch' if a.ndim > ndim

    a_shape = a.shape
    sum_size += a_shape.delete_at(axis - ndim) || 1
    raise ShapeError, 'shape mismatch' if self_shape != a_shape

    a
  end
  self_shape.insert(axis, sum_size)
  result = self.class.zeros(*self_shape)
  lst = shape[axis]
  refs = [true] * ndim
  if lst > 0
    refs[axis] = 0...lst
    result[*refs] = self
  end
  arrays.each do |a|
    fst = lst
    lst = fst + (a.shape[axis - ndim] || 1)
    if lst > fst
      refs[axis] = fst...lst
      result[*refs] = a
    end
  end
  result
end

#contiguous? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 901

VALUE
na_check_contiguous(VALUE self) {
  ssize_t elmsz;
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(self, na);

  switch (na->type) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    return Qtrue;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    if (NA_VIEW_STRIDX(na) == 0) {
      return Qtrue;
    }
    if (na_check_ladder(self, 0) == Qtrue) {
      elmsz = nary_element_stride(self);
      if (elmsz == NA_STRIDE_AT(na, NA_NDIM(na) - 1)) {
        return Qtrue;
      }
    }
  }
  return Qfalse;
}

#cov(y = nil, ddof: 1, fweights: nil, aweights: nil) ⇒ Object

under construction



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1213

def cov(y = nil, ddof: 1, fweights: nil, aweights: nil)
  m = if y
        NArray.vstack([self, y])
      else
        self
      end
  w = nil
  if fweights
    f = fweights
    w = f
  end
  if aweights
    a = aweights
    w = w ? w * a : a
  end
  if w
    w_sum = w.sum(axis: -1, keepdims: true)
    if ddof == 0
      fact = w_sum
    elsif aweights.nil?
      fact = w_sum - ddof
    else
      wa_sum = (w * a).sum(axis: -1, keepdims: true)
      fact = w_sum - (ddof * wa_sum / w_sum)
    end
    raise StandardError, 'Degrees of freedom <= 0 for slice' if (fact <= 0).any?
  else
    fact = m.shape[-1] - ddof
  end
  if w
    m -= (m * w).sum(axis: -1, keepdims: true) / w_sum
    mw = m * w
  else
    m -= m.mean(axis: -1, keepdims: true)
    mw = m
  end
  mt = m.ndim < 2 ? m : m.swapaxes(-2, -1)
  mw.dot(mt.conj) / fact
end

#debug_info ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 133

VALUE
nary_debug_info(VALUE self) {
  int i;
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(self, na);

  printf("%s:\n", rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self)));
  printf("  id     = 0x%" PRI_VALUE_PREFIX "x\n", self);
  printf("  type   = %d\n", na->type);
  printf("  flag   = [%d,%d]\n", na->flag[0], na->flag[1]);
  printf("  size   = %" SZF "d\n", na->size);
  printf("  ndim   = %d\n", na->ndim);
  printf("  shape  = 0x%" SZF "x\n", (size_t)na->shape);
  if (na->shape) {
    printf("  shape  = [");
    for (i = 0; i < na->ndim; i++) printf(" %" SZF "d", na->shape[i]);
    printf(" ]\n");
  }

  switch (na->type) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    nary_debug_info_nadata(self);
    break;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    nary_debug_info_naview(self);
    break;
  }
  return Qnil;
}

#deg2rad ⇒ Object

Convert angles from degrees to radians.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 31

def deg2rad
  self * (Math::PI / 180)
end

#delete(indice, axis = nil) ⇒ Object

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat[[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]]
a.delete(1,0)
# => Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2,4]
# [[1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [9, 10, 11, 12]]

a.delete((0..-1).step(2),1)
# => Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3,2]
# [[2, 4],
#  [6, 8],
#  [10, 12]]

a.delete([1,3,5])
# => Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[9]
# [1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 263

def delete(indice, axis = nil)
  if axis
    bit = Bit.ones(shape[axis])
    bit[indice] = 0
    idx = [true] * ndim
    idx[axis] = bit.where
    self[*idx].copy
  else
    bit = Bit.ones(size)
    bit[indice] = 0
    self[bit.where].copy
  end
end

#diag(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return a matrix whose diagonal is constructed by self along the last axis.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1037

def diag(k = 0)
  *shp, n = shape
  n += k.abs
  a = self.class.zeros(*shp, n, n)
  a.diagonal(k).store(self)
  a
end

#diag_indices(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the k-th diagonal indices.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1022

def diag_indices(k = 0)
  raise NArray::ShapeError, 'must be >= 2-dimensional array' if ndim < 2

  m, n = shape[-2..]
  NArray.diag_indices(m, n, k)
end

#diagonal([offset,axes]) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns a diagonal view of NArray

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.new(4,5).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4,5]
# [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
#  [10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
#  [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]]
b = a.diagonal(1)
# => Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4]
# [1, 7, 13, 19]

b.store(0)
a
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4,5]
# [[0, 0, 2, 3, 4],
#  [5, 6, 0, 8, 9],
#  [10, 11, 12, 0, 14],
#  [15, 16, 17, 18, 0]]

b.store([1,2,3,4])
a
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4,5]
# [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [5, 6, 2, 8, 9],
#  [10, 11, 12, 3, 14],
#  [15, 16, 17, 18, 4]]

Parameters:

  • offset (Integer) —

    Diagonal offset from the main diagonal. The default is 0. k>0 for diagonals above the main diagonal, and k<0 for diagonals below the main diagonal.

  • axes (Array) —

    Array of axes to be used as the 2-d sub-arrays from which the diagonals should be taken. Defaults to last-two axes ([-2,-1]).

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 582

static VALUE na_diagonal(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  int i, k, nd;
  size_t j;
  size_t *idx0, *idx1, *diag_idx;
  size_t* shape;
  size_t diag_size;
  ssize_t stride, stride0, stride1;
  narray_t* na;
  narray_view_t *na1, *na2;
  VALUE view;
  VALUE vofs = 0, vaxes = 0;
  ssize_t kofs;
  size_t k0, k1;
  int ax[2];

  // check arguments
  if (argc > 2) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many arguments (%d for 0..2)", argc);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    switch (TYPE(argv[i])) {
    case T_FIXNUM:
      if (vofs) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset is given twice");
      }
      vofs = argv[i];
      break;
    case T_ARRAY:
      if (vaxes) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "axes-array is given twice");
      }
      vaxes = argv[i];
      break;
    }
  }

  if (vofs) {
    kofs = NUM2SSIZET(vofs);
  } else {
    kofs = 0;
  }

  GetNArray(self, na);
  nd = na->ndim;
  if (nd < 2) {
    rb_raise(nary_eDimensionError, "less than 2-d array");
  }

  if (vaxes) {
    if (RARRAY_LEN(vaxes) != 2) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "axes must be 2-element array");
    }
    ax[0] = NUM2INT(RARRAY_AREF(vaxes, 0));
    ax[1] = NUM2INT(RARRAY_AREF(vaxes, 1));
    if (ax[0] < -nd || ax[0] >= nd || ax[1] < -nd || ax[1] >= nd) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "axis out of range:[%d,%d]", ax[0], ax[1]);
    }
    if (ax[0] < 0) {
      ax[0] += nd;
    }
    if (ax[1] < 0) {
      ax[1] += nd;
    }
    if (ax[0] == ax[1]) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "same axes:[%d,%d]", ax[0], ax[1]);
    }
  } else {
    ax[0] = nd - 2;
    ax[1] = nd - 1;
  }

  // Diagonal offset from the main diagonal.
  if (kofs >= 0) {
    k0 = 0;
    k1 = kofs;
    if (k1 >= na->shape[ax[1]]) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
               "invalid diagonal offset(%" SZF "d) for "
               "last dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
               kofs, na->shape[ax[1]]);
    }
  } else {
    k0 = -kofs;
    k1 = 0;
    if (k0 >= na->shape[ax[0]]) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
               "invalid diagonal offset(=%" SZF "d) for "
               "last-1 dimension size(%" SZF "d)",
               kofs, na->shape[ax[0]]);
    }
  }

  diag_size = MIN(na->shape[ax[0]] - k0, na->shape[ax[1]] - k1);

  // new shape
  shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, nd - 1);
  for (i = k = 0; i < nd; i++) {
    if (i != ax[0] && i != ax[1]) {
      shape[k++] = na->shape[i];
    }
  }
  shape[k] = diag_size;

  // new object
  view = na_s_allocate_view(rb_obj_class(self));
  na_copy_flags(self, view);
  GetNArrayView(view, na2);

  // new stride
  na_setup_shape((narray_t*)na2, nd - 1, shape);
  na2->stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t, nd - 1);

  switch (na->type) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    na2->offset = 0;
    na2->data = self;
    stride = stride0 = stride1 = nary_element_stride(self);
    for (i = nd, k = nd - 2; i--;) {
      if (i == ax[1]) {
        stride1 = stride;
        if (kofs > 0) {
          na2->offset = kofs * stride;
        }
      } else if (i == ax[0]) {
        stride0 = stride;
        if (kofs < 0) {
          na2->offset = (-kofs) * stride;
        }
      } else {
        SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[--k], stride);
      }
      stride *= na->shape[i];
    }
    SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[nd - 2], stride0 + stride1);
    break;

  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    GetNArrayView(self, na1);
    na2->data = na1->data;
    na2->offset = na1->offset;
    for (i = k = 0; i < nd; i++) {
      if (i != ax[0] && i != ax[1]) {
        if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[i])) {
          idx0 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[i]);
          idx1 = ALLOC_N(size_t, na->shape[i]);
          for (j = 0; j < na->shape[i]; j++) {
            idx1[j] = idx0[j];
          }
          SDX_SET_INDEX(na2->stridx[k], idx1);
        } else {
          na2->stridx[k] = na1->stridx[i];
        }
        k++;
      }
    }
    if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[0]])) {
      idx0 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[0]]);
      diag_idx = ALLOC_N(size_t, diag_size);
      if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[1]])) {
        idx1 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[1]]);
        for (j = 0; j < diag_size; j++) {
          diag_idx[j] = idx0[j + k0] + idx1[j + k1];
        }
      } else {
        stride1 = SDX_GET_STRIDE(na1->stridx[ax[1]]);
        for (j = 0; j < diag_size; j++) {
          diag_idx[j] = idx0[j + k0] + stride1 * (j + k1);
        }
      }
      SDX_SET_INDEX(na2->stridx[nd - 2], diag_idx);
    } else {
      stride0 = SDX_GET_STRIDE(na1->stridx[ax[0]]);
      if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[1]])) {
        idx1 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[ax[1]]);
        diag_idx = ALLOC_N(size_t, diag_size);
        for (j = 0; j < diag_size; j++) {
          diag_idx[j] = stride0 * (j + k0) + idx1[j + k1];
        }
        SDX_SET_INDEX(na2->stridx[nd - 2], diag_idx);
      } else {
        stride1 = SDX_GET_STRIDE(na1->stridx[ax[1]]);
        na2->offset += stride0 * k0 + stride1 * k1;
        SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[nd - 2], stride0 + stride1);
      }
    }
    break;
  }
  return view;
}

#diff(n = 1, axis: -1)) ⇒ Object

Calculate the n-th discrete difference along given axis.

Examples:

x = Numo::DFloat[1, 2, 4, 7, 0]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[5]
# [1, 2, 4, 7, 0]

x.diff
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4]
# [1, 2, 3, -7]

x.diff(2)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[3]
# [1, 1, -10]

x = Numo::DFloat[[1, 3, 6, 10], [0, 5, 6, 8]]
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,4]
# [[1, 3, 6, 10],
#  [0, 5, 6, 8]]

x.diff
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,3]
# [[2, 3, 4],
#  [5, 1, 2]]

x.diff(axis:0)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[1,4]
# [[-1, 2, 0, -2]]

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 922

def diff(n = 1, axis: -1)
  axis = check_axis(axis)
  raise ShapeError, "n=#{n} is invalid for shape[#{axis}]=#{shape[axis]}" if n < 0 || n >= shape[axis]

  # calculate polynomial coefficient
  c = self.class[-1, 1]
  2.upto(n) do |i|
    x = self.class.zeros(i + 1)
    x[0..-2] = c
    y = self.class.zeros(i + 1)
    y[1..-1] = c
    c = y - x
  end
  s = [true] * ndim
  s[axis] = n..-1
  result = self[*s].dup
  sum = result.inplace
  (n - 1).downto(0) do |i|
    s = [true] * ndim
    s[axis] = i..(-n - 1 + i)
    sum + (self[*s] * c[i]) # inplace addition
  end
  result
end

#dot(b) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Dot product of two arrays.

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1065

def dot(b)
  t = self.class::UPCAST[b.class]
  if defined?(Linalg) && [SFloat, DFloat, SComplex, DComplex].include?(t)
    Linalg.dot(self, b)
  else
    b = self.class.asarray(b)
    case b.ndim
    when 1
      mulsum(b, axis: -1)
    else
      case ndim
      when 0
        b.mulsum(self, axis: -2)
      when 1
        self[true, :new].mulsum(b, axis: -2)
      else
        unless @@warn_slow_dot
          nx = 200
          ns = 200_000
          am, an = shape[-2..]
          bm, bn = b.shape[-2..]
          if am > nx && an > nx && bm > nx && bn > nx &&
             size > ns && b.size > ns
            @@warn_slow_dot = true
            warn "\nwarning: Built-in matrix dot is slow. Consider installing Numo::Linalg.\n\n"
          end
        end
        self[false, :new].mulsum(b[false, :new, true, true], axis: -2)
      end
    end
  end
end

#dsplit(indices_or_sections) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 754

def dsplit(indices_or_sections)
  split(indices_or_sections, axis: 2)
end

#each_over_axis(axis = 0) ⇒ Object

Iterate over an axis

Examples:

> a = Numo::DFloat.new(2,2,2).seq
> p a
Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,2,2]
[[[0, 1],
  [2, 3]],
 [[4, 5],
  [6, 7]]]

> a.each_over_axis{|i| p i}
Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2,2]
[[0, 1],
 [2, 3]]
Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2,2]
[[4, 5],
 [6, 7]]

> a.each_over_axis(1){|i| p i}
Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2,2]
[[0, 1],
 [4, 5]]
Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2,2]
[[2, 3],
 [6, 7]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 192

def each_over_axis(axis = 0)
  return to_enum(:each_over_axis, axis) unless block_given?

  if ndim == 0
    raise ArgumentError, "axis=#{axis} is invalid" if axis != 0

    niter = 1
  else
    axis = check_axis(axis)
    niter = shape[axis]
  end
  idx = [true] * ndim
  niter.times do |i|
    idx[axis] = i
    yield(self[*idx])
  end
  self
end

#empty? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if self.size == 0.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 744

static VALUE na_empty_p(VALUE self) {
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(self, na);
  if (NA_SIZE(na) == 0) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}

#expand_dims(dim) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Expand the shape of an array. Insert a new axis with size=1 at a given dimension.

Parameters:

  • dim (Integer) —

    dimension at which new axis is inserted.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1027

static VALUE na_expand_dims(VALUE self, VALUE vdim) {
  int i, j, nd, dim;
  size_t *shape, *na_shape;
  stridx_t *stridx, *na_stridx;
  narray_t* na;
  narray_view_t* na2;
  VALUE view;

  GetNArray(self, na);
  nd = na->ndim;

  dim = NUM2INT(vdim);
  if (dim < -nd - 1 || dim > nd) {
    rb_raise(nary_eDimensionError, "invalid axis (%d for %dD NArray)", dim, nd);
  }
  if (dim < 0) {
    dim += nd + 1;
  }

  view = na_make_view(self);
  GetNArrayView(view, na2);

  shape = ALLOC_N(size_t, nd + 1);
  stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t, nd + 1);
  na_shape = na2->base.shape;
  na_stridx = na2->stridx;

  for (i = j = 0; i <= nd; i++) {
    if (i == dim) {
      shape[i] = 1;
      SDX_SET_STRIDE(stridx[i], 0);
    } else {
      shape[i] = na_shape[j];
      stridx[i] = na_stridx[j];
      j++;
    }
  }

  na2->stridx = stridx;
  xfree(na_stridx);
  na2->base.shape = shape;
  if (na_shape != &(na2->base.size)) {
    xfree(na_shape);
  }
  na2->base.ndim++;
  return view;
}

#flatten ⇒ Object

deprecated



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 536

VALUE
na_flatten(VALUE self) {
  return na_flatten_dim(self, 0);
}

#fliplr ⇒ Object

Flip each row in the left/right direction. Same as ‘a[true, (-1..0).step(-1), …]`.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 37

def fliplr
  reverse(1)
end

#flipud ⇒ Object

Flip each column in the up/down direction. Same as ‘a[(-1..0).step(-1), …]`.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 43

def flipud
  reverse(0)
end

#fortran_contiguous? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 925

VALUE
na_check_fortran_contiguous(VALUE self) {
  int i;
  ssize_t st0;
  narray_t* na;

  switch (RNARRAY_TYPE(self)) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    return Qfalse;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    GetNArray(self, na);

    // not contiguous if it has index
    for (i = 0; i < NA_NDIM(na); i++) {
      if (NA_IS_INDEX_AT(na, i)) return Qfalse;
    }

    // check f-contiguous
    st0 = nary_element_stride(self); // elmsz
    for (i = 0; i < NA_NDIM(na); i++) {
      if (NA_SHAPE(na)[i] == 1) continue;
      if (NA_STRIDE_AT(na, i) != st0) return Qfalse;
      st0 *= NA_SHAPE(na)[i];
    }
  }
  return Qtrue;
}

#free ⇒ Object

Release memory for array data. Ignored for NArray-view. This method is useful to free memory of referenced (i.e., GC does not work) but unused NArray object.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 759

static VALUE na_free(VALUE self) {
  narray_t* na;
  char* ptr;

  GetNArray(self, na);

  switch (NA_TYPE(na)) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
    ptr = NA_DATA_PTR(na);
    if (ptr != NULL) {
      NA_DATA_PTR(na) = NULL;
      xfree(ptr);
    }
    break;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    break;
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
  default:
    rb_bug("invalid narray type : %d", NA_TYPE(na));
  }
  return self;
}

#host_order? ⇒ Boolean Also known as: little_endian?, vacs_order?

Return true if not byte swapped.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1665

static VALUE na_host_order_p(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_BYTE_SWAPPED(self)) return Qfalse;
  return Qtrue;
}

#hsplit(indices_or_sections) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 750

def hsplit(indices_or_sections)
  split(indices_or_sections, axis: 1)
end

#initialize_copy(other) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Replaces the contents of self with the contents of other narray. Used in dup and clone method.

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 404

static VALUE na_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE orig) {
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(orig, na);

  na_setup(self, NA_NDIM(na), NA_SHAPE(na));
  na_store(self, orig);
  na_copy_flags(orig, self);
  return self;
}

#inner(b, axis: -1)) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Inner product of two arrays. Same as ‘(a*b).sum(axis:-1)`.

Parameters:

  • b (Numo::NArray)
  • axis (Integer) (defaults to: -1)) —

    applied axis

Returns:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1104

def inner(b, axis: -1)
  mulsum(b, axis: axis)
end

#inplace ⇒ Numo::NArray

Returns view of narray with inplace flagged.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1674

static VALUE na_inplace(VALUE self) {
  VALUE view = self;
  view = na_make_view(self);
  SET_INPLACE(view);
  return view;
}

#inplace! ⇒ Numo::NArray

Set inplace flag to self.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1685

static VALUE na_inplace_bang(VALUE self) {
  SET_INPLACE(self);
  return self;
}

#inplace? ⇒ Boolean

Return true if inplace flagged.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1693

static VALUE na_inplace_p(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_INPLACE(self))
    return Qtrue;
  else
    return Qfalse;
}

#insert(indice, values, axis: nil) ⇒ Object

Insert values along the axis before the indices.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
a = Numo::Int32[[1, 1], [2, 2], [3, 3]]

a.insert(1,5)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[7]
# [1, 5, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]

a.insert(1, 5, axis:1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,3]
# [[1, 5, 1],
#  [2, 5, 2],
#  [3, 5, 3]]

a.insert([1], [[11],[12],[13]], axis:1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,3]
# [[1, 11, 1],
#  [2, 12, 2],
#  [3, 13, 3]]

a.insert(1, [11, 12, 13], axis:1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,3]
# [[1, 11, 1],
#  [2, 12, 2],
#  [3, 13, 3]]

a.insert([1], [11, 12, 13], axis:1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,5]
# [[1, 11, 12, 13, 1],
#  [2, 11, 12, 13, 2],
#  [3, 11, 12, 13, 3]]

b = a.flatten
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[6]
# [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert(2,[15,16])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 1, 15, 16, 2, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert([2,2],[15,16])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 1, 15, 16, 2, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert([2,1],[15,16])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 16, 1, 15, 2, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert([2,0,1],[15,16,17])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[9]
# [16, 1, 17, 1, 15, 2, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert(2..3, [15, 16])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 1, 15, 2, 16, 2, 3, 3]

b.insert(2, [7.13, 0.5])
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 1, 7, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3]

x = Numo::DFloat.new(2,4).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,4]
# [[0, 1, 2, 3],
#  [4, 5, 6, 7]]

x.insert([1,3],999,axis:1)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[2,6]
# [[0, 999, 1, 2, 999, 3],
#  [4, 999, 5, 6, 999, 7]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 348

def insert(indice, values, axis: nil)
  if axis
    values = self.class.asarray(values)
    nd = values.ndim
    midx = ([:new] * (ndim - nd)) + ([true] * nd)
    case indice
    when Numeric
      midx[-nd - 1] = true
      midx[axis] = :new
    end
    values = values[*midx]
  else
    values = self.class.asarray(values).flatten
  end
  idx = Int64.asarray(indice)
  nidx = idx.size
  if nidx == 1
    nidx = values.shape[axis || 0]
    idx += Int64.new(nidx).seq
  else
    sidx = idx.sort_index
    idx[sidx] += Int64.new(nidx).seq
  end
  if axis
    bit = Bit.ones(shape[axis] + nidx)
    bit[idx] = 0
    new_shape = shape
    new_shape[axis] += nidx
    a = self.class.zeros(new_shape)
    mdidx = [true] * ndim
    mdidx[axis] = bit.where
    a[*mdidx] = self
    mdidx[axis] = idx
    a[*mdidx] = values
  else
    bit = Bit.ones(size + nidx)
    bit[idx] = 0
    a = self.class.zeros(size + nidx)
    a[bit.where] = flatten
    a[idx] = values
  end
  a
end

#kron(b) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Kronecker product of two arrays.

kron(a,b)[k_0, k_1, ...] = a[i_0, i_1, ...] * b[j_0, j_1, ...]
   where:  k_n = i_n * b.shape[n] + j_n

Examples:

Numo::DFloat[1,10,100].kron([5,6,7])
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[9]
# [5, 6, 7, 50, 60, 70, 500, 600, 700]

Numo::DFloat[5,6,7].kron([1,10,100])
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[9]
# [5, 50, 500, 6, 60, 600, 7, 70, 700]

Numo::DFloat.eye(2).kron(Numo::DFloat.ones(2,2))
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4,4]
# [[1, 1, 0, 0],
#  [1, 1, 0, 0],
#  [0, 0, 1, 1],
#  [0, 0, 1, 1]]

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1200

def kron(b)
  b = NArray.cast(b)
  nda = ndim
  ndb = b.ndim
  shpa = shape
  shpb = b.shape
  adim = ([:new] * (2 * [ndb - nda, 0].max)) + ([true, :new] * nda)
  bdim = ([:new] * (2 * [nda - ndb, 0].max)) + ([:new, true] * ndb)
  shpr = (-[nda, ndb].max..-1).map { |i| (shpa[i] || 1) * (shpb[i] || 1) }
  (self[*adim] * b[*bdim]).reshape(*shpr)
end

#marshal_dump ⇒ Array

Dump marshal data.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    Array containing marshal data.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1381

static VALUE nary_marshal_dump(VALUE self) {
  VALUE a;

  a = rb_ary_new();
  rb_ary_push(a, INT2FIX(1)); // version
  rb_ary_push(a, na_shape(self));
  rb_ary_push(a, INT2FIX(NA_FLAG0(self)));
  if (rb_obj_class(self) == numo_cRObject) {
    narray_t* na;
    VALUE* ptr;
    size_t offset = 0;
    GetNArray(self, na);
    if (na->type == NARRAY_VIEW_T) {
      if (na_check_contiguous(self) == Qtrue) {
        offset = NA_VIEW_OFFSET(na);
      } else {
        self = rb_funcall(self, id_dup, 0);
      }
    }
    ptr = (VALUE*)na_get_pointer_for_read(self);
    rb_ary_push(a, rb_ary_new4(NA_SIZE(na), ptr + offset));
  } else {
    rb_ary_push(a, nary_to_binary(self));
  }
  RB_GC_GUARD(self);
  return a;
}

#marshal_load(data) ⇒ nil

Load marshal data.

Parameters:

  • Array (Array) —

    containing marshal data.

Returns:

  • (nil) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1416

static VALUE nary_marshal_load(VALUE self, VALUE a) {
  VALUE v;

  if (TYPE(a) != T_ARRAY) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "marshal argument should be array");
  }
  if (RARRAY_LEN(a) != 4) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "marshal array size should be 4");
  }
  if (RARRAY_AREF(a, 0) != INT2FIX(1)) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
             "NArray marshal version %d is not supported "
             "(only version 1)",
             NUM2INT(RARRAY_AREF(a, 0)));
  }
  na_initialize(self, RARRAY_AREF(a, 1));
  NA_FL0_SET(self, FIX2INT(RARRAY_AREF(a, 2)));
  v = RARRAY_AREF(a, 3);
  if (rb_obj_class(self) == numo_cRObject) {
    narray_t* na;
    char* ptr;
    if (TYPE(v) != T_ARRAY) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "RObject content should be array");
    }
    GetNArray(self, na);
    if (RARRAY_LEN(v) != (long)NA_SIZE(na)) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "RObject content size mismatch");
    }
    ptr = na_get_pointer_for_write(self);
    memcpy(ptr, RARRAY_PTR(v), NA_SIZE(na) * sizeof(VALUE));
  } else {
    rb_str_freeze(v);
    nary_store_binary(1, &v, self);
    if (TEST_BYTE_SWAPPED(self)) {
      rb_funcall(na_inplace(self), id_to_host, 0);
      REVERSE_ENDIAN(self); // correct behavior??
    }
  }
  RB_GC_GUARD(a);
  return self;
}

#ndim ⇒ Object Also known as: rank

method: size() – returns the total number of typeents



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 734

static VALUE na_ndim(VALUE self) {
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(self, na);
  return INT2NUM(na->ndim);
}

#new_fill(value) ⇒ Object

Return an array filled with value with the same shape and type as self.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 21

def new_fill(value)
  self.class.new(*shape).fill(value)
end

#new_narray ⇒ Object

Return an unallocated array with the same shape and type as self.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 6

def new_narray
  self.class.new(*shape)
end

#new_ones ⇒ Object

Return an array of ones with the same shape and type as self.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 16

def new_ones
  self.class.ones(*shape)
end

#new_zeros ⇒ Object

Return an array of zeros with the same shape and type as self.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 11

def new_zeros
  self.class.zeros(*shape)
end

#out_of_place! ⇒ Numo::NArray Also known as: not_inplace!

Unset inplace flag to self.

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1704

static VALUE na_out_of_place_bang(VALUE self) {
  UNSET_INPLACE(self);
  return self;
}

#outer(b, axis: nil) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Outer product of two arrays. Same as ‘self * b`.

Examples:

a = Numo::DFloat.ones(5)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[5]
# [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

b = Numo::DFloat.linspace(-2,2,5)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[5]
# [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]

a.outer(b)
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[5,5]
# [[-2, -1, 0, 1, 2],
#  [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2],
#  [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2],
#  [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2],
#  [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]]

Parameters:

  • b (Numo::NArray)
  • axis (Integer) (defaults to: nil) —

    applied axis (default=-1)

Returns:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1131

def outer(b, axis: nil)
  b = NArray.cast(b)
  if axis.nil?
    self[false, :new] * (b.ndim == 0 ? b : b[false, :new, true])
  else
    md, nd = [ndim, b.ndim].minmax
    axis = check_axis(axis) - nd
    raise ArgumentError, "axis=#{axis} is out of range" if axis < -md

    adim = [true] * ndim
    adim[axis + ndim + 1, 0] = :new
    bdim = [true] * b.ndim
    bdim[axis + b.ndim, 0] = :new
    self[*adim] * b[*bdim]
  end
end

#percentile(q, axis: nil) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Percentile

Parameters:

  • q (Numo::NArray)
  • axis (Integer) (defaults to: nil) —

    applied axis

Returns:

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1153

def percentile(q, axis: nil)
  raise ArgumentError, 'q is out of range' if q < 0 || q > 100

  x = self
  unless axis
    axis = 0
    x = x.flatten
  end

  sorted = x.sort(axis: axis)
  x = q / 100.0 * (sorted.shape[axis] - 1)
  r = x % 1
  i = x.floor
  refs = [true] * sorted.ndim
  refs[axis] = i
  if i == sorted.shape[axis] - 1
    sorted[*refs]
  else
    refs_upper = refs.dup
    refs_upper[axis] = i + 1
    sorted[*refs] + (r * (sorted[*refs_upper] - sorted[*refs]))
  end
end

#rad2deg ⇒ Object

Convert angles from radians to degrees.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 26

def rad2deg
  self * (180 / Math::PI)
end

#repeat(arg, axis: nil) ⇒ Object

Examples:

Numo::NArray[3].repeat(4)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[4]
# [3, 3, 3, 3]

x = Numo::NArray[[1,2],[3,4]]
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4]]

x.repeat(2)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[8]
# [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4]

x.repeat(3,axis:1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,6]
# [[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
#  [3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]]

x.repeat([1,2],axis:0)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4],
#  [3, 4]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 864

def repeat(arg, axis: nil)
  case axis
  when Integer
    axis = check_axis(axis)
    c = self
  when NilClass
    c = flatten
    axis = 0
  else
    raise ArgumentError, 'invalid axis'
  end
  case arg
  when Integer
    raise ArgumentError, 'argument should be positive integer' if !arg.is_a?(Integer) || arg < 1

    idx = Array.new(c.shape[axis]) { |i| [i] * arg }.flatten
  else
    arg = arg.to_a
    raise ArgumentError, 'repeat size shoud be equal to size along axis' if arg.size != c.shape[axis]

    arg.each do |i|
      raise ArgumentError, 'argument should be non-negative integer' if !i.is_a?(Integer) || i < 0
    end
    idx = arg.each_with_index.map { |a, i| [i] * a }.flatten
  end
  ref = [true] * c.ndim
  ref[axis] = idx
  c[*ref].copy
end

#reshape(size0, size1, ...) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Copy and change the shape of NArray. Returns a copied NArray.

Parameters:

  • sizeN (Integer) —

    new shape

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 407

static VALUE na_reshape(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  size_t* shape;
  narray_t* na;
  VALUE copy;

  shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, argc);
  na_check_reshape(argc, argv, self, shape);

  copy = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("dup"), 0);
  GetNArray(copy, na);
  na_setup_shape(na, argc, shape);
  return copy;
}

#reshape!(size0, size1, ...) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Change the shape of self NArray without coping. Raise exception if self is non-contiguous.

Parameters:

  • sizeN (Integer) —

    new shape

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 362

static VALUE na_reshape_bang(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  size_t* shape;
  narray_t* na;
  narray_view_t* na2;
  ssize_t stride;
  stridx_t* stridx;
  int i;

  if (na_check_contiguous(self) == Qfalse) {
    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "cannot change shape of non-contiguous NArray");
  }
  shape = ALLOCA_N(size_t, argc);
  na_check_reshape(argc, argv, self, shape);

  GetNArray(self, na);
  if (na->type == NARRAY_VIEW_T) {
    GetNArrayView(self, na2);
    if (na->ndim < argc) {
      stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t, argc);
    } else {
      stridx = na2->stridx;
    }
    stride = SDX_GET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[na->ndim - 1]);
    for (i = argc; i--;) {
      SDX_SET_STRIDE(stridx[i], stride);
      stride *= shape[i];
    }
    if (stridx != na2->stridx) {
      xfree(na2->stridx);
      na2->stridx = stridx;
    }
  }
  na_setup_shape(na, argc, shape);
  return self;
}

#reverse([dim0,dim1,..]) ⇒ Object

Return reversed view along specified dimeinsion



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1083

static VALUE nary_reverse(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  int i, nd;
  size_t j, n;
  size_t offset;
  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
  ssize_t stride;
  ssize_t sign;
  narray_t* na;
  narray_view_t *na1, *na2;
  VALUE view;
  VALUE reduce;

  reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, 0, 0);

  GetNArray(self, na);
  nd = na->ndim;

  view = na_s_allocate_view(rb_obj_class(self));

  na_copy_flags(self, view);
  GetNArrayView(view, na2);

  na_setup_shape((narray_t*)na2, nd, na->shape);
  na2->stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t, nd);

  switch (na->type) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    stride = nary_element_stride(self);
    offset = 0;
    for (i = nd; i--;) {
      if (na_test_reduce(reduce, i)) {
        offset += (na->shape[i] - 1) * stride;
        sign = -1;
      } else {
        sign = 1;
      }
      SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[i], stride * sign);
      stride *= na->shape[i];
    }
    na2->offset = offset;
    na2->data = self;
    break;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    GetNArrayView(self, na1);
    offset = na1->offset;
    for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
      n = na1->base.shape[i];
      if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[i])) {
        idx1 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[i]);
        idx2 = ALLOC_N(size_t, n);
        if (na_test_reduce(reduce, i)) {
          for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            idx2[n - 1 - j] = idx1[j];
          }
        } else {
          for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            idx2[j] = idx1[j];
          }
        }
        SDX_SET_INDEX(na2->stridx[i], idx2);
      } else {
        stride = SDX_GET_STRIDE(na1->stridx[i]);
        if (na_test_reduce(reduce, i)) {
          offset += (n - 1) * stride;
          SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[i], -stride);
        } else {
          na2->stridx[i] = na1->stridx[i];
        }
      }
    }
    na2->offset = offset;
    na2->data = na1->data;
    break;
  }

  return view;
}

#rot90(k = 1, axes = [0, 1]) ⇒ Object

Rotate in the plane specified by axes.

Examples:

a = Numo::Int32.new(2,2).seq
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,2]
# [[0, 1],
#  [2, 3]]

a.rot90
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[2,2]
# [[1, 3],
#  [0, 2]]

a.rot90(2)
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[2,2]
# [[3, 2],
#  [1, 0]]

a.rot90(3)
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[2,2]
# [[2, 0],
#  [3, 1]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 68

def rot90(k = 1, axes = [0, 1])
  case k % 4
  when 0
    view
  when 1
    swapaxes(*axes).reverse(axes[0])
  when 2
    reverse(*axes)
  when 3
    swapaxes(*axes).reverse(axes[1])
  end
end

#row_major? ⇒ Boolean

Return true if row major.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1647

static VALUE na_row_major_p(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_ROW_MAJOR(self))
    return Qtrue;
  else
    return Qfalse;
}

#shape ⇒ Object

method: shape() – returns shape, array of the size of dimensions



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 783

static VALUE na_shape(VALUE self) {
  volatile VALUE v;
  narray_t* na;
  size_t i, n, c, s;

  GetNArray(self, na);
  n = NA_NDIM(na);
  if (TEST_COLUMN_MAJOR(self)) {
    c = n - 1;
    s = -1;
  } else {
    c = 0;
    s = 1;
  }
  v = rb_ary_new2(n);
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    rb_ary_push(v, SIZET2NUM(na->shape[c]));
    c += s;
  }
  return v;
}

#size ⇒ Object Also known as: length, total

method: size() – returns the total number of typeents



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 727

static VALUE na_size(VALUE self) {
  narray_t* na;
  GetNArray(self, na);
  return SIZET2NUM(na->size);
}

#split(indices_or_sections, axis: 0) ⇒ Object

Examples:

x = Numo::DFloat.new(9).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[9]
# [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

x.split(3)
# => [Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3]
# [0, 1, 2],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3]
# [3, 4, 5],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3]
# [6, 7, 8]]

x = Numo::DFloat.new(8).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[8]
# [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

x.split([3, 5, 6, 10])
# => [Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[3]
# [0, 1, 2],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2]
# [3, 4],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[1]
# [5],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[2]
# [6, 7],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[0][]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 677

def split(indices_or_sections, axis: 0)
  axis = check_axis(axis)
  size_axis = shape[axis]
  case indices_or_sections
  when Integer
    div_axis, mod_axis = size_axis.divmod(indices_or_sections)
    refs = [true] * ndim
    beg_idx = 0
    Array.new(mod_axis) do |_i|
      end_idx = beg_idx + div_axis + 1
      refs[axis] = beg_idx...end_idx
      beg_idx = end_idx
      self[*refs]
    end +
      Array.new(indices_or_sections - mod_axis) do |_i|
        end_idx = beg_idx + div_axis
        refs[axis] = beg_idx...end_idx
        beg_idx = end_idx
        self[*refs]
      end
  when NArray
    split(indices_or_sections.to_a, axis: axis)
  when Array
    refs = [true] * ndim
    fst = 0
    (indices_or_sections + [size_axis]).map do |lst|
      lst = size_axis if lst > size_axis
      refs[axis] = fst < size_axis ? fst...lst : -1...-1
      fst = lst
      self[*refs]
    end
  else
    raise TypeError, 'argument must be Integer or Array'
  end
end

#store_binary(string, [offset]) ⇒ Integer

Returns a new 1-D array initialized from binary raw data in a string.

Parameters:

  • string (String) —

    Binary raw data.

  • (optional) (Integer) —

    offset Byte offset in string.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    stored length.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1308

static VALUE nary_store_binary(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  size_t size, str_len, byte_size, offset;
  int narg;
  VALUE vstr, voffset;
  VALUE velmsz;
  narray_t* na;

  narg = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &vstr, &voffset);
  str_len = RSTRING_LEN(vstr);
  if (narg == 2) {
    offset = NUM2SIZET(voffset);
    if (str_len < offset) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset is larger than string length");
    }
    str_len -= offset;
  } else {
    offset = 0;
  }

  GetNArray(self, na);
  size = NA_SIZE(na);
  velmsz = rb_const_get(rb_obj_class(self), id_element_byte_size);
  if (FIXNUM_P(velmsz)) {
    byte_size = size * NUM2SIZET(velmsz);
  } else {
    byte_size = ceil(size * NUM2DBL(velmsz));
  }
  if (byte_size > str_len) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "string is too short to store");
  }

  if (OBJ_FROZEN(vstr)) {
    na_set_pointer(self, RSTRING_PTR(vstr) + offset, byte_size);
    rb_ivar_set(self, id_source, vstr);
  } else {
    void* ptr = na_get_pointer_for_write(self);
    memcpy(ptr, RSTRING_PTR(vstr) + offset, byte_size);
  }

  return SIZET2NUM(byte_size);
}

#swap_byte ⇒ Object Also known as: hton 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 102

static VALUE nary_swap_byte(VALUE self) {
  VALUE v;
  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = {{Qnil, 0}};
  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = {{INT2FIX(0), 0}};
  ndfunc_t ndf = {iter_swap_byte, FULL_LOOP | NDF_ACCEPT_BYTESWAP, 1, 1, ain, aout};

  v = na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
  if (self != v) {
    na_copy_flags(self, v);
  }
  REVERSE_ENDIAN(v);
  return v;
}

#swapaxes(axis1, axis2) ⇒ Numo::NArray

Interchange two axes.

Examples:

x = Numo::Int32[[1,2,3]]

x.swapaxes(0,1)
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[3,1]
# [[1],
#  [2],
#  [3]]

x = Numo::Int32[[[0,1],[2,3]],[[4,5],[6,7]]]
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,2,2]
# [[[0, 1],
#   [2, 3]],
#  [[4, 5],
#   [6, 7]]]

x.swapaxes(0,2)
# => Numo::Int32(view)#shape=[2,2,2]
# [[[0, 4],
#   [2, 6]],
#  [[1, 5],
#   [3, 7]]]

Parameters:

  • axis1 (Integer)
  • axis2 (Integer)

Returns:



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 185

static VALUE na_swapaxes(VALUE self, VALUE a1, VALUE a2) {
  int i, j, ndim;
  size_t tmp_shape;
  stridx_t tmp_stridx;
  narray_view_t* na;
  volatile VALUE view;

  view = na_make_view(self);
  GetNArrayView(view, na);

  ndim = na->base.ndim;
  i = check_axis(NUM2INT(a1), ndim);
  j = check_axis(NUM2INT(a2), ndim);

  tmp_shape = na->base.shape[i];
  tmp_stridx = na->stridx[i];
  na->base.shape[i] = na->base.shape[j];
  na->stridx[i] = na->stridx[j];
  na->base.shape[j] = tmp_shape;
  na->stridx[j] = tmp_stridx;

  return view;
}

#tile(*arg) ⇒ Object

Examples:

a = Numo::NArray[0,1,2]
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[3]
# [0, 1, 2]

a.tile(2)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[6]
# [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]

a.tile(2,2)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,6]
# [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2],
#  [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]]

a.tile(2,1,2)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,1,6]
# [[[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]],
#  [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]]]

b = Numo::NArray[[1, 2], [3, 4]]
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4]]

b.tile(2)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[2,4]
# [[1, 2, 1, 2],
#  [3, 4, 3, 4]]

b.tile(2,1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[4,2]
# [[1, 2],
#  [3, 4],
#  [1, 2],
#  [3, 4]]

c = Numo::NArray[1,2,3,4]
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[4]
# [1, 2, 3, 4]

c.tile(4,1)
# => Numo::Int32#shape=[4,4]
# [[1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [1, 2, 3, 4],
#  [1, 2, 3, 4]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 805

def tile(*arg)
  arg.each do |i|
    raise ArgumentError, 'argument should be positive integer' if !i.is_a?(Integer) || i < 1
  end
  ns = arg.size
  nd = ndim
  shp = shape
  new_shp = []
  src_shp = []
  res_shp = []
  (nd - ns).times do
    new_shp << 1
    new_shp << (n = shp.shift)
    src_shp << :new
    src_shp << true
    res_shp << n
  end
  (ns - nd).times do
    new_shp << (m = arg.shift)
    new_shp << 1
    src_shp << :new
    src_shp << :new
    res_shp << m
  end
  [nd, ns].min.times do
    new_shp << (m = arg.shift)
    new_shp << (n = shp.shift)
    src_shp << :new
    src_shp << true
    res_shp << (n * m)
  end
  self.class.new(*new_shp).store(self[*src_shp]).reshape(*res_shp)
end

#to_binary ⇒ String Also known as: to_string

Returns string containing the raw data bytes in NArray.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    String object containing binary raw data.



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 1355

static VALUE nary_to_binary(VALUE self) {
  size_t len, offset = 0;
  char* ptr;
  VALUE str;
  narray_t* na;

  GetNArray(self, na);
  if (na->type == NARRAY_VIEW_T) {
    if (na_check_contiguous(self) == Qtrue) {
      offset = NA_VIEW_OFFSET(na);
    } else {
      self = rb_funcall(self, id_dup, 0);
    }
  }
  len = NUM2SIZET(nary_byte_size(self));
  ptr = na_get_pointer_for_read(self);
  str = rb_usascii_str_new(ptr + offset, len);
  RB_GC_GUARD(self);
  return str;
}

#to_c ⇒ Object

Raises:

  • (TypeError) 


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 95

def to_c
  # convert to DComplex?
  raise TypeError, "can't convert #{self.class} into Complex" unless size == 1

  Complex(self[0])
end

#to_f ⇒ Object

Raises:

  • (TypeError) 


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 88

def to_f
  # convert to DFloat?
  raise TypeError, "can't convert #{self.class} into Float" unless size == 1

  self[0].to_f
end

#to_host ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 130

static VALUE nary_to_host(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_HOST_ORDER(self)) {
    return self;
  }
  return rb_funcall(self, id_swap_byte, 0);
}

#to_i ⇒ Object

Raises:

  • (TypeError) 


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 81

def to_i
  # convert to Int?
  raise TypeError, "can't convert #{self.class} into Integer" unless size == 1

  self[0].to_i
end

#to_network ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 116

static VALUE nary_to_network(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_BIG_ENDIAN(self)) {
    return self;
  }
  return rb_funcall(self, id_swap_byte, 0);
}

#to_swapped ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 137

static VALUE nary_to_swapped(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_BYTE_SWAPPED(self)) {
    return self;
  }
  return rb_funcall(self, id_swap_byte, 0);
}

#to_vacs ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 123

static VALUE nary_to_vacs(VALUE self) {
  if (TEST_LITTLE_ENDIAN(self)) {
    return self;
  }
  return rb_funcall(self, id_swap_byte, 0);
}

#trace(offset = nil, axis = nil, nan: false) ⇒ Object

Return the sum along diagonals of the array.

If 2-D array, computes the summation along its diagonal with the given offset, i.e., sum of ‘a`. If more than 2-D array, the diagonal is determined from the axes specified by axis argument. The default is axis=.

Parameters:

  • offset (Integer) (defaults to: nil) —

    (optional, default=0) diagonal offset

  • axis (Array) (defaults to: nil) —

    (optional, default=) diagonal axis

  • nan (Bool) (defaults to: false) —

    (optional, default=false) nan-aware algorithm, i.e., if true then it ignores nan.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1055

def trace(offset = nil, axis = nil, nan: false)
  diagonal(offset, axis).sum(nan: nan, axis: -1)
end

#transpose(*args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/data.c', line 241

static VALUE na_transpose(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
  int ndim, *map, *permute;
  int i, d;
  bool is_positive, is_negative;
  narray_t* na1;

  GetNArray(self, na1);
  ndim = na1->ndim;
  if (ndim < 2) {
    if (argc > 0) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unnecessary argument for 1-d array");
    }
    return na_make_view(self);
  }
  map = ALLOCA_N(int, ndim);
  if (argc == 0) {
    for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++) {
      map[i] = ndim - 1 - i;
    }
    return na_transpose_map(self, map);
  }
  // with argument
  if (argc > ndim) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "more arguments than ndim");
  }
  for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++) {
    map[i] = i;
  }
  permute = ALLOCA_N(int, argc);
  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    permute[i] = 0;
  }
  is_positive = is_negative = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    if (TYPE(argv[i]) != T_FIXNUM) {
      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid argument");
    }
    d = FIX2INT(argv[i]);
    if (d >= 0) {
      if (d >= argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "out of dimension range");
      }
      if (is_negative) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "dimension must be non-negative only or negative only");
      }
      if (permute[d]) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not permutation");
      }
      map[i] = d;
      permute[d] = 1;
      is_positive = 1;
    } else {
      if (d < -argc) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "out of dimension range");
      }
      if (is_positive) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "dimension must be non-negative only or negative only");
      }
      if (permute[argc + d]) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not permutation");
      }
      map[ndim - argc + i] = ndim + d;
      permute[argc + d] = 1;
      is_negative = 1;
    }
  }
  return na_transpose_map(self, map);
}

#tril(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Lower triangular matrix. Return a copy with the elements above the k-th diagonal filled with zero.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 986

def tril(k = 0)
  dup.tril!(k)
end

#tril!(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Lower triangular matrix. Fill the self elements above the k-th diagonal with zero.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 992

def tril!(k = 0)
  raise NArray::ShapeError, 'must be >= 2-dimensional array' if ndim < 2

  if contiguous?
    idx = triu_indices(k + 1)
    *shp, m, n = shape
    reshape!(*shp, m * n)
    self[false, idx] = 0
    reshape!(*shp, m, n)
  else
    store(tril(k))
  end
end

#tril_indices(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the indices for the lower-triangle on and below the k-th diagonal.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 1007

def tril_indices(k = 0)
  raise NArray::ShapeError, 'must be >= 2-dimensional array' if ndim < 2

  m, n = shape[-2..]
  NArray.tril_indices(m, n, k)
end

#triu(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Upper triangular matrix. Return a copy with the elements below the k-th diagonal filled with zero.



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 949

def triu(k = 0)
  dup.triu!(k)
end

#triu!(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Upper triangular matrix. Fill the self elements below the k-th diagonal with zero.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 955

def triu!(k = 0)
  raise NArray::ShapeError, 'must be >= 2-dimensional array' if ndim < 2

  if contiguous?
    *shp, m, n = shape
    idx = tril_indices(k - 1)
    reshape!(*shp, m * n)
    self[false, idx] = 0
    reshape!(*shp, m, n)
  else
    store(triu(k))
  end
end

#triu_indices(k = 0) ⇒ Object

Return the indices for the upper-triangle on and above the k-th diagonal.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 970

def triu_indices(k = 0)
  raise NArray::ShapeError, 'must be >= 2-dimensional array' if ndim < 2

  m, n = shape[-2..]
  NArray.triu_indices(m, n, k)
end

#view ⇒ Object

Return view of NArray



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# File 'ext/numo/narray/narray.c', line 962

VALUE
na_make_view(VALUE self) {
  int i, nd;
  size_t j;
  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
  ssize_t stride;
  narray_t* na;
  narray_view_t *na1, *na2;
  volatile VALUE view;

  GetNArray(self, na);
  nd = na->ndim;

  view = na_s_allocate_view(rb_obj_class(self));

  na_copy_flags(self, view);
  GetNArrayView(view, na2);

  na_setup_shape((narray_t*)na2, nd, na->shape);
  na2->stridx = ALLOC_N(stridx_t, nd);

  switch (na->type) {
  case NARRAY_DATA_T:
  case NARRAY_FILEMAP_T:
    stride = nary_element_stride(self);
    for (i = nd; i--;) {
      SDX_SET_STRIDE(na2->stridx[i], stride);
      stride *= na->shape[i];
    }
    na2->offset = 0;
    na2->data = self;
    break;
  case NARRAY_VIEW_T:
    GetNArrayView(self, na1);
    for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
      if (SDX_IS_INDEX(na1->stridx[i])) {
        idx1 = SDX_GET_INDEX(na1->stridx[i]);
        idx2 = ALLOC_N(size_t, na1->base.shape[i]);
        for (j = 0; j < na1->base.shape[i]; j++) {
          idx2[j] = idx1[j];
        }
        SDX_SET_INDEX(na2->stridx[i], idx2);
      } else {
        na2->stridx[i] = na1->stridx[i];
      }
    }
    na2->offset = na1->offset;
    na2->data = na1->data;
    break;
  }

  return view;
}

#vsplit(indices_or_sections) ⇒ Object

Examples:

x = Numo::DFloat.new(4,4).seq
# => Numo::DFloat#shape=[4,4]
# [[0, 1, 2, 3],
#  [4, 5, 6, 7],
#  [8, 9, 10, 11],
#  [12, 13, 14, 15]]

x.hsplit(2)
# => [Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4,2]
# [[0, 1],
#  [4, 5],
#  [8, 9],
#  [12, 13]],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4,2]
# [[2, 3],
#  [6, 7],
#  [10, 11],
#  [14, 15]]]

x.hsplit([3, 6])
# => [Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4,3]
# [[0, 1, 2],
#  [4, 5, 6],
#  [8, 9, 10],
#  [12, 13, 14]],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4,1]
# [[3],
#  [7],
#  [11],
#  [15]],
#  Numo::DFloat(view)#shape=[4,0][]]


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# File 'lib/numo/narray/extra.rb', line 746

def vsplit(indices_or_sections)
  split(indices_or_sections, axis: 0)
end