Class: NHKore::Scraper

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Extended by:
AttrBool::Ext
Defined in:
lib/nhkore/scraper.rb

Direct Known Subclasses

ArticleScraper, DictScraper, SearchScraper

Constant Summary collapse

DEFAULT_HEADER = 
{
  # See for better ones:
  # - https://www.useragentstring.com/pages/Chrome/
  'user-agent' => UserAgents.sample,

  'accept' => 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml,application/rss+xml,text/xml;' \
              'q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7',
  'accept-language' => 'en;q=0.9,ja-JP;q=0.8,ja',
  'cache-control' => 'max-age=0',
  'dnt' => '1',
  'ect' => '4g',
  'priority' => 'u=0, i',
  'upgrade-insecure-requests' => '1',
}.freeze

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(url, eat_cookie: false, header: nil, is_file: false, max_redirects: 3, max_retries: 3, redirect_rule: :strict, str_or_io: nil, **kargs) ⇒ Scraper

max_redirects defaults to 3 for safety (infinite-loop attack).

All URL options: ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.7.0/libdoc/open-uri/rdoc/OpenURI/OpenRead.html

Pass in header: {} for the default HTTP header fields to be set.

Parameters:

  • eat_cookie (true, false) (defaults to: false) —

    true to set the HTTP header field ‘cookie’, which can be an expensive (time-consuming) operation since it opens the URL again, but necessary for some URLs.

  • redirect_rule (nil, :lenient, :strict) (defaults to: :strict) 


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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 56

def initialize(url,eat_cookie: false,header: nil,is_file: false,max_redirects: 3,max_retries: 3,
               redirect_rule: :strict,str_or_io: nil,**kargs)
  super()

  if !header.nil? && !is_file
    # Some sites (Search Engines) hate scrapers, so need HTTP header fields.
    # If this isn't enough, look at googler for more header fields to set:
    # - https://github.com/jarun/googler
    # If necessary, can use Faraday, HTTParty, or RestClient gem and
    #   pass in to str_or_io.

    header = DEFAULT_HEADER.merge(header)
    kargs.merge!(header)
  end

  @eat_cookie = eat_cookie
  @is_file = is_file
  @kargs = kargs
  @max_redirects = max_redirects
  @max_retries = max_retries
  @redirect_rule = redirect_rule

  self.open(url,str_or_io,is_file: is_file)
end

Instance Attribute Details

#kargs ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute kargs.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 40

def kargs
  @kargs
end

#max_redirects ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute max_redirects.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 41

def max_redirects
  @max_redirects
end

#max_retries ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute max_retries.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 42

def max_retries
  @max_retries
end

#redirect_rule ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute redirect_rule.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 43

def redirect_rule
  @redirect_rule
end

#str_or_io ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute str_or_io.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 44

def str_or_io
  @str_or_io
end

#url ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute url.



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 45

def url
  @url
end

Instance Method Details



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 81

def fetch_cookie(url)
  require 'http-cookie'

  open_url(url)

  cookies = Array(@str_or_io.meta['set-cookie']) # nil will be []

  if !cookies.empty?
    jar = HTTP::CookieJar.new
    uri = URI(url)

    cookies.each do |cookie|
      jar.parse(cookie,uri)
    end

    @kargs['cookie'] = HTTP::Cookie.cookie_value(jar.cookies(uri))
  end

  return self
end

#html_doc ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 102

def html_doc
  return Nokogiri::HTML(@str_or_io)
end

#join_url(relative_url) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 106

def join_url(relative_url)
  # For a file, don't know what to do.
  # It would be unsafe to return something else;
  #   for example, it could return a lot of "../../../" to your root dir.
  return nil if @is_file

  return URI.join(@url,relative_url)
end

#open(url, str_or_io = nil, is_file: @is_file) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 115

def open(url,str_or_io = nil,is_file: @is_file)
  @is_file = is_file
  @str_or_io = str_or_io
  @url = url

  if str_or_io.nil?
    if @is_file
      open_file(url)
    else
      fetch_cookie(url) if @eat_cookie
      open_url(url)
    end
  end

  return self
end

#open_file(file) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 132

def open_file(file)
  @is_file = true
  @url = file

  # NHK's website tends to always use UTF-8.
  @str_or_io = File.open(file,'rt:UTF-8',**@kargs)

  return self
end

#open_url(url) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 142

def open_url(url)
  max_redirects = (@max_redirects.nil? || @max_redirects < 0) ? 10_000 : @max_redirects
  max_retries = (@max_retries.nil? || @max_retries < 0) ? 10_000 : @max_retries

  top_uri = URI(url)
  top_domain = Util.domain(top_uri.host)

  begin
    # Use URI().open() instead of URI.open()/(Kernel.)open() for safety (code-injection attack).
    # Use URI() instead of URI.parse() because url can be a URI (not just a string).
    @str_or_io = URI(url).open(redirect: false,**@kargs)
    @url = url
  rescue OpenURI::HTTPRedirect => redirect
    redirect_uri = redirect.uri

    if (max_redirects -= 1) < 0
      raise redirect.exception("redirected to URL[#{redirect_uri}]: #{redirect}")
    end

    case @redirect_rule
    when :lenient,:strict
      if redirect_uri.scheme != top_uri.scheme
        raise redirect.exception(
          "redirect scheme[#{redirect_uri.scheme}] does not match original " \
          "scheme[#{top_uri.scheme}] at redirect URL[#{redirect_uri}]: #{redirect}"
        )
      end

      if @redirect_rule == :strict
        redirect_domain = Util.domain(redirect_uri.host)

        if redirect_domain != top_domain
          raise redirect.exception(
            "redirect domain[#{redirect_domain}] does not match original " \
            "domain[#{top_domain}] at redirect URL[#{redirect_uri}]: #{redirect}"
          )
        end
      end
    end

    url = redirect_uri

    retry
  # Must come after HTTPRedirect since a subclass of HTTPError.
  rescue OpenURI::HTTPError => e
    msg = "HTTP error[#{e}] at URL[#{url}]"

    if e.to_s.include?('404 Not Found')
      raise Http404Error,msg
    else
      raise e.exception(msg)
    end
  rescue SocketError => e
    if (max_retries -= 1) < 0
      raise e.exception("Socket error[#{e}] at URL[#{url}]")
    end

    retry
  end

  return self
end

#read ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 205

def read
  @str_or_io = @str_or_io.read if @str_or_io.respond_to?(:read)

  return @str_or_io
end

#reopen ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 211

def reopen
  return self.open(@url)
end

#rss_doc ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/nhkore/scraper.rb', line 215

def rss_doc
  require 'rss'

  return RSS::Parser.parse(@str_or_io,validate: false)
end