Class: MIME::Type

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Comparable
Defined in:
lib/mime/type.rb

Overview

The definition of one MIME content-type.

Usage

require 'mime/types'

plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain'].first
# returns [text/plain, text/plain]
text = plaintext.first
print text.media_type           # => 'text'
print text.sub_type             # => 'plain'

puts text.extensions.join(" ")  # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'

puts text.encoding              # => 8bit
puts text.binary?               # => false
puts text.ascii?                # => true
puts text == 'text/plain'       # => true
puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'

puts MIME::Types.any? { |type|
  type.content_type == 'text/plain'
}                               # => true
puts MIME::Types.all?(&:registered?)
                                # => false

Direct Known Subclasses

Columnar

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Columnar, InvalidContentType, InvalidEncoding

Constant Summary collapse

VERSION =

The released version of the mime-types library.

'3.1'

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(content_type) {|_self| ... } ⇒ Type

Builds a MIME::Type object from the content_type, a MIME Content Type value (e.g., ‘text/plain’ or ‘applicaton/x-eruby’). The constructed object is yielded to an optional block for additional configuration, such as associating extensions and encoding information.

  • When provided a Hash or a MIME::Type, the MIME::Type will be constructed with #init_with.

  • When provided an Array, the MIME::Type will be constructed using the first element as the content type and the remaining flattened elements as extensions.

  • Otherwise, the content_type will be used as a string.

Yields the newly constructed self object.

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:

  • _self (MIME::Type) —

    the object that the method was called on



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 87

def initialize(content_type) # :yields self:
  @friendly = {}
  @obsolete = @registered = false
  @preferred_extension = @docs = @use_instead = nil
  self.extensions = []

  case content_type
  when Hash
    init_with(content_type)
  when Array
    self.content_type = content_type.shift
    self.extensions = content_type.flatten
  when MIME::Type
    init_with(content_type.to_h)
  else
    self.content_type = content_type
  end

  self.encoding ||= :default
  self.xrefs ||= {}

  yield self if block_given?
end

Instance Attribute Details

#content_type ⇒ Object

Returns the whole MIME content-type string.

The content type is a presentation value from the MIME type registry and should not be used for comparison. The case of the content type is preserved, and extension markers (x-) are kept.

text/plain        => text/plain
x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical/x-pdb
audio/QCELP       => audio/QCELP



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 192

def content_type
  @content_type
end

#docs ⇒ Object

The documentation for this MIME::Type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 321

def docs
  @docs
end

#encoding ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute encoding.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 283

def encoding
  @encoding
end

#i18n_key ⇒ Object (readonly)

A key suitable for use as a lookup key for translations, such as with the I18n library.

call-seq:

text_plain.i18n_key # => "text.plain"
3gpp_xml.i18n_key   # => "application.vnd-3gpp-bsf-xml"
  # from application/vnd.3gpp.bsf+xml
x_msword.i18n_key   # => "application.word"
  # from application/x-msword



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 353

def i18n_key
  @i18n_key
end

#media_type ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the media type of the simplified MIME::Type.

text/plain        => text
x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical
audio/QCELP       => audio



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 206

def media_type
  @media_type
end

#obsolete ⇒ Object Also known as: obsolete?

Returns true if the media type is obsolete.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 317

def obsolete
  @obsolete
end

#raw_media_type ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.

text/plain        => text
x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical
audio/QCELP       => audio



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 212

def raw_media_type
  @raw_media_type
end

#raw_sub_type ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.

text/plain        => plain
x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-pdb
audio/QCELP       => qcelp



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 224

def raw_sub_type
  @raw_sub_type
end

#registered ⇒ Object Also known as: registered?

Indicates whether the MIME type has been registered with IANA.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 383

def registered
  @registered
end

#signature ⇒ Object Also known as: signature?

Indicateswhether the MIME type is declared as a signature type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 401

def signature
  @signature
end

#simplified ⇒ Object (readonly)

A simplified form of the MIME content-type string, suitable for case-insensitive comparison, with any extension markers (<tt>x-</tt) removed and converted to lowercase.

text/plain        => text/plain
x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical/x-pdb
audio/QCELP       => audio/qcelp



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 200

def simplified
  @simplified
end

#sub_type ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the sub-type of the simplified MIME::Type.

text/plain        => plain
x-chemical/x-pdb  => pdb
audio/QCELP       => QCELP



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 218

def sub_type
  @sub_type
end

#use_instead ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 309

def use_instead
  obsolete? ? @use_instead : nil
end

#xrefs ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute xrefs.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 361

def xrefs
  @xrefs
end

Class Method Details

.i18n_key(content_type) ⇒ Object

Converts a provided content_type into a translation key suitable for use with the I18n library.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 505

def i18n_key(content_type)
  simplify_matchdata(match(content_type), joiner: '.') { |e|
    e.gsub!(I18N_RE, '-'.freeze)
  }
end

.match(content_type) ⇒ Object

Return a MatchData object of the content_type against pattern of media types.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 513

def match(content_type)
  case content_type
  when MatchData
    content_type
  else
    MEDIA_TYPE_RE.match(content_type)
  end
end

.simplified(content_type, remove_x_prefix: false) ⇒ Object

MIME media types are case-insensitive, but are typically presented in a case-preserving format in the type registry. This method converts content_type to lowercase.

In previous versions of mime-types, this would also remove any extension prefix (x-). This is no longer default behaviour, but may be provided by providing a truth value to remove_x_prefix.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 499

def simplified(content_type, remove_x_prefix: false)
  simplify_matchdata(match(content_type), remove_x_prefix)
end

Instance Method Details

#<=>(other) ⇒ Object

Compares the other MIME::Type against the exact content type or the simplified type (the simplified type will be used if comparing against something that can be treated as a String with #to_s). In comparisons, this is done against the lowercase version of the MIME::Type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 126

def <=>(other)
  if other.nil?
    -1
  elsif other.respond_to?(:simplified)
    simplified <=> other.simplified
  else
    simplified <=> MIME::Type.simplified(other.to_s)
  end
end

#add_extensions(*extensions) ⇒ Object

Merge the extensions provided into this MIME::Type. The extensions added will be merged uniquely.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 244

def add_extensions(*extensions)
  self.extensions += extensions
end

#ascii? ⇒ Boolean

MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats. This method returns false when the MIME::Type encoding is set to base64.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 396

def ascii?
  ASCII_ENCODINGS.include?(encoding)
end

#binary? ⇒ Boolean

MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats. This method returns true when the MIME::Type encoding is set to base64.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 389

def binary?
  BINARY_ENCODINGS.include?(encoding)
end

#complete? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the MIME::Type specifies an extension list, indicating that it is a complete MIME::Type.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 406

def complete?
  !@extensions.empty?
end

#default_encoding ⇒ Object

Returns the default encoding for the MIME::Type based on the media type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 297

def default_encoding
  (@media_type == 'text') ? 'quoted-printable' : 'base64'
end

#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object

Populates the coder with attributes about this record for serialization. The structure of coder should match the structure used with #init_with.

This method should be considered a private implementation detail.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 440

def encode_with(coder)
  coder['content-type']        = @content_type
  coder['docs']                = @docs unless @docs.nil? or @docs.empty?
  unless @friendly.nil? or @friendly.empty?
    coder['friendly']            = @friendly
  end
  coder['encoding']            = @encoding
  coder['extensions']          = @extensions.to_a unless @extensions.empty?
  coder['preferred-extension'] = @preferred_extension if @preferred_extension
  if obsolete?
    coder['obsolete']          = obsolete?
    coder['use-instead']       = use_instead if use_instead
  end
  unless xrefs.empty?
    {}.tap do |hash|
      xrefs.each do |k, v|
        hash[k] = v.sort.to_a
      end
      coder['xrefs'] = hash
    end
  end
  coder['registered']          = registered?
  coder['signature']           = signature? if signature?
  coder
end

#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the other object is a MIME::Type and the content types match.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 179

def eql?(other)
  other.kind_of?(MIME::Type) and self == other
end

#extensions ⇒ Object

The list of extensions which are known to be used for this MIME::Type. Non-array values will be coerced into an array with #to_a. Array values will be flattened, nil values removed, and made unique.

:attr_accessor: extensions



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 232

def extensions
  @extensions.to_a
end

#extensions=(value) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 237

def extensions=(value) # :nodoc:
  @extensions = Set[*Array(value).flatten.compact].freeze
  MIME::Types.send(:reindex_extensions, self)
end

#friendly(lang = 'en'.freeze) ⇒ Object

A friendly short description for this MIME::Type.

call-seq:

text_plain.friendly         # => "Text File"
text_plain.friendly('en')   # => "Text File"



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 328

def friendly(lang = 'en'.freeze)
  @friendly ||= {}

  case lang
  when String, Symbol
    @friendly[lang.to_s]
  when Array
    @friendly.update(Hash[*lang])
  when Hash
    @friendly.update(lang)
  else
    fail ArgumentError,
      "Expected a language or translation set, not #{lang.inspect}"
  end
end

#init_with(coder) ⇒ Object

Initialize an empty object from coder, which must contain the attributes necessary for initializing an empty object.

This method should be considered a private implementation detail.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 470

def init_with(coder)
  self.content_type        = coder['content-type']
  self.docs                = coder['docs'] || ''
  self.encoding            = coder['encoding']
  self.extensions          = coder['extensions'] || []
  self.preferred_extension = coder['preferred-extension']
  self.obsolete            = coder['obsolete'] || false
  self.registered          = coder['registered'] || false
  self.signature           = coder['signature']
  self.xrefs               = coder['xrefs'] || {}
  self.use_instead         = coder['use-instead']

  friendly(coder['friendly'] || {})
end

#inspect ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 485

def inspect # :nodoc:
  # We are intentionally lying here because MIME::Type::Columnar is an
  # implementation detail.
  "#<MIME::Type: #{self}>"
end

#like?(other) ⇒ Boolean

Indicates that a MIME type is like another type. This differs from == because x- prefixes are removed for this comparison.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 113

def like?(other)
  other = if other.respond_to?(:simplified)
            MIME::Type.simplified(other.simplified, remove_x_prefix: true)
          else
            MIME::Type.simplified(other.to_s, remove_x_prefix: true)
          end
  MIME::Type.simplified(simplified, remove_x_prefix: true) == other
end

#preferred_extension ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 258

def preferred_extension
  @preferred_extension || extensions.first
end

#preferred_extension=(value) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 263

def preferred_extension=(value) # :nodoc:
  add_extensions(value) if value
  @preferred_extension = value
end

#priority_compare(other) ⇒ Object

Compares the other MIME::Type based on how reliable it is before doing a normal <=> comparison. Used by MIME::Types#[] to sort types. The comparisons involved are:

  1. self.simplified <=> other.simplified (ensures that we don’t try to compare different types)

  2. IANA-registered definitions < other definitions.

  3. Complete definitions < incomplete definitions.

  4. Current definitions < obsolete definitions.

  5. Obselete with use-instead names < obsolete without.

  6. Obsolete use-instead definitions are compared.

While this method is public, its use is strongly discouraged by consumers of mime-types. In mime-types 3, this method is likely to see substantial revision and simplification to ensure current registered content types sort before unregistered or obsolete content types.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 152

def priority_compare(other)
  pc = simplified <=> other.simplified
  if pc.zero?
    pc = if (reg = registered?) != other.registered?
           reg ? -1 : 1 # registered < unregistered
         elsif (comp = complete?) != other.complete?
           comp ? -1 : 1 # complete < incomplete
         elsif (obs = obsolete?) != other.obsolete?
           obs ? 1 : -1 # current < obsolete
         elsif obs and ((ui = use_instead) != (oui = other.use_instead))
           if ui.nil?
             1
           elsif oui.nil?
             -1
           else
             ui <=> oui
           end
         else
           0
         end
  end

  pc
end

#to_h ⇒ Object

Converts the MIME::Type to a hash. The output of this method can also be used to initialize a MIME::Type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 431

def to_h
  encode_with({})
end

#to_json(*args) ⇒ Object

Converts the MIME::Type to a JSON string.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 424

def to_json(*args)
  require 'json'
  to_h.to_json(*args)
end

#to_s ⇒ Object

Returns the MIME::Type as a string.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 411

def to_s
  content_type
end

#to_str ⇒ Object

Returns the MIME::Type as a string for implicit conversions. This allows MIME::Type objects to appear on either side of a comparison.

'text/plain' == MIME::Type.new('text/plain')



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 419

def to_str
  content_type
end

#xref_urls ⇒ Object

The decoded cross-reference URL list for this MIME::Type.



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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 375

def xref_urls
  xrefs.flat_map { |type, values|
    name = :"xref_url_for_#{type.tr('-', '_')}"
    respond_to?(name, true) and xref_map(values, name) or values.to_a
  }
end