Class: Kitchen::Driver::Ec2

Inherits:
Base
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Mixins::DedicatedHosts
Defined in:
lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb

Overview

Amazon EC2 driver for Test Kitchen.

Author:

Constant Summary collapse

INTERFACE_TYPES =

Mapping from the interface config value to the EC2 instance attribute holding that address, in the order they are preferred when no interface was requested.

Returns:

  • (Hash{String => String}) 
{
  "dns" => "public_dns_name",
  "public" => "public_ip_address",
  "private" => "private_ip_address",
  "private_dns" => "private_dns_name",
  "id" => "id",
}.freeze

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Mixins::DedicatedHosts

#allocate_host, #allow_allocate_host?, #allow_deallocate_host?, #deallocate_host, #host_available?, #host_for_id, #host_unused?, #hosts_managed, #hosts_with_capacity, #instance_family_from_type, #instance_size_from_type, #metal_instance_type?

Constructor Details

#initialize(*args, &block) ⇒ Ec2

Returns a new instance of Ec2.

Parameters:

  • args (Array) —

    passed through to Base

  • block (Proc) —

    passed through to Base



113
114
115
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 113

def initialize(*args, &block)
  super
end

Class Method Details

.validation_error(driver, old_key, new_key) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Report that a config key has been removed, and stop.

Continuing would silently ignore a setting the user believes is in effect, which for keys like ebs_volume_size changes the shape of the instance that gets built.

Parameters:

  • driver (Kitchen::Driver::Ec2) —

    the driver being validated

  • old_key (Symbol) —

    the removed key

  • new_key (String, Symbol) —

    what to use instead



138
139
140
141
142
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 138

def self.validation_error(driver, old_key, new_key)
  warn "ERROR: The driver[#{driver.class.name}] config key `#{old_key}` " \
    "has been removed, please use `#{new_key}`"
  exit!
end

.validation_warn(driver, old_key, new_key) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Warn that a config key is deprecated but still honored.

Parameters:

  • driver (Kitchen::Driver::Ec2) —

    the driver being validated

  • old_key (Symbol) —

    the deprecated key

  • new_key (String, Symbol) —

    what to use instead



123
124
125
126
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 123

def self.validation_warn(driver, old_key, new_key)
  driver.warn "WARN: The driver[#{driver.class.name}] config key `#{old_key}` " \
    "is deprecated, please use `#{new_key}`"
end

Instance Method Details

#actual_platform ⇒ Kitchen::Driver::Aws::StandardPlatform?

The platform detected from the image actually being used.

This can differ from #desired_platform: the user asks for "ubuntu" and gets whichever Ubuntu release the search matched. It is the source of the default SSH username.

Returns:



441
442
443
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 441

def actual_platform
  @actual_platform ||= Aws::StandardPlatform.from_image(self, image) if image
end

#attach_network_interface(state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Attach a pre-existing elastic network interface to the instance.

Attached at device index 1, leaving index 0 for the primary interface. An interface that is already attached is left alone, and one that does not exist is reported without failing the run, since the instance itself is already up by this point.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state



1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1133

def attach_network_interface(state)
  info("Attaching Network interface <#{config[:elastic_network_interface_id]}> with the instance <#{state[:server_id]}> .")
  client = ::Aws::EC2::Client.new(region: config[:region])
  begin
    check_eni = client.describe_network_interface_attribute({
                                                              attribute: "attachment",
                                                              network_interface_id: config[:elastic_network_interface_id],
                                                            })
    if check_eni.attachment.nil?
      unless state[:server_id].nil?
        client.attach_network_interface({
                                          device_index: 1,
                                          instance_id: state[:server_id],
                                          network_interface_id: config[:elastic_network_interface_id],
                                        })
        info("Attached Network interface <#{config[:elastic_network_interface_id]}> with the instance <#{state[:server_id]}> .")
      end
    else
      puts "ENI #{config[:elastic_network_interface_id]} already attached."
    end
  rescue ::Aws::EC2::Errors::InvalidNetworkInterfaceIDNotFound => e
    warn(e)
  end
end

#config ⇒ Hash

The driver config.

#submit_spots overrides this with a rewritten config while trying each instance type and subnet combination, so the generator and the rest of the driver see the variant currently being attempted.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the config in effect



541
542
543
544
545
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 541

def config
  return super unless @config

  @config
end

#create(state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Create an EC2 instance and wait until it can be connected to.

Auto-creates a security group and key pair when none were configured, allocates a dedicated host if tenancy: host requires one, requests either an on-demand or a spot instance, then waits for the instance to exist, become ready, and accept a transport connection.

Any failure destroys the instance and everything auto-created alongside it, so that a failed create does not leave billable resources behind.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, updated in place with :server_id, :hostname and any auto-created credentials

Raises:

  • (RuntimeError) —

    wrapping whatever went wrong, after cleaning up



256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 256

def create(state)
  return if state[:server_id]

  update_username(state)

  info(Kitchen::Util.outdent!("    If you are not using an account that qualifies under the AWS\n    free-tier, you may be charged to run these suites. The charge\n    should be minimal, but neither Test Kitchen nor its maintainers\n    are responsible for your incurred costs.\n  END\n\n  # If no security group IDs are specified, create one automatically.\n  unless config[:security_group_ids] || config[:security_group_filter]\n    create_security_group(state)\n    config[:security_group_ids] = [state[:auto_security_group_id]]\n  end\n\n  # If no SSH key pair name is specified, create one automatically.\n  # If `_disabled`, nullify the key ID to avoid associating the instance with\n  # an AWS-managed key pair.\n  case config[:aws_ssh_key_id]\n  when nil\n    create_key(state)\n    # Don't set aws_ssh_key_id if using Instance Connect\n    config[:aws_ssh_key_id] = state[:auto_key_id] unless config[:use_instance_connect]\n  when \"_disable\"\n    info(\"Disabling AWS-managed SSH key pairs for this EC2 instance.\")\n    info(\"The key pairs for the kitchen transport config and the AMI must match.\")\n    config[:aws_ssh_key_id] = nil\n  end\n\n  # Allocate new dedicated hosts if needed and allowed\n  if config[:tenancy] == \"host\"\n    unless host_available? || allow_allocate_host?\n      warn \"ERROR: tenancy `host` requested but no suitable host and allocation not allowed (set `allocate_dedicated_host` setting)\"\n      exit!\n    end\n\n    allocate_host unless host_available?\n\n    info(\"Auto placement on one dedicated host out of: \#{hosts_with_capacity.map(&:host_id).join(\", \")}\")\n  end\n\n  server = if config[:spot_price]\n             # Spot instance when a price is set\n             with_request_limit_backoff(state) { submit_spots }\n           else\n             # On-demand instance\n             with_request_limit_backoff(state) { submit_server }\n           end\n  info(\"Instance <\#{server.id}> requested.\")\n  with_request_limit_backoff(state) do\n    logging_proc = ->(attempts) { info(\"Polling AWS for existence, attempt \#{attempts}...\") }\n    server.wait_until_exists(before_attempt: logging_proc)\n  end\n\n  state[:server_id] = server.id\n  info(\"EC2 instance <\#{state[:server_id]}> created.\")\n\n  # See https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-ruby/issues/859\n  # Waiting can fail, so we have to retry on that.\n  Retryable.retryable(\n    tries: 10,\n    sleep: ->(n) { [2**n, 30].min },\n    on: ::Aws::EC2::Errors::InvalidInstanceIDNotFound\n  ) do |_r, _|\n    wait_until_ready(server, state)\n  end\n\n  info(\"EC2 instance <\#{state[:server_id]}> ready (hostname: \#{state[:hostname]}).\")\n\n  if config[:use_instance_connect]\n    instance_connect_setup_ready(state)\n  elsif config[:use_ssm_session_manager]\n    ssm_session_manager_setup_ready(state)\n  end\n\n  instance.transport.connection(state).wait_until_ready\n  attach_network_interface(state) unless config[:elastic_network_interface_id].nil?\n  create_ec2_json(state) if /chef/i.match?(instance.provisioner.name)\n  debug(\"ec2:create '\#{state[:hostname]}'\")\nrescue Exception => e\n  # Clean up the instance and any auto-created security groups or keys on the way out.\n  destroy(state)\n  raise \"\#{e.message} in the specified region \#{config[:region]}. Please check this AMI is available in this region.\"\nend\n")) unless config[:skip_cost_warning]

#create_ec2_json(state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Write the Ohai EC2 hint file on the instance.

Chef's ec2 Ohai plugin only collects EC2 metadata when this hint file is present, so it is created for Chef provisioners.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state



880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 880

def create_ec2_json(state)
  if windows_os?
    cmd = 'New-Item -Force C:\\chef\\ohai\\hints\\ec2.json -ItemType File'
  else
    debug "Using sudo_command='#{sudo_command}' for ohai hints"
    cmd = "#{sudo_command} mkdir -p /etc/chef/ohai/hints; #{sudo_command} touch /etc/chef/ohai/hints/ec2.json"
  end
  instance.transport.connection(state).execute(cmd)
end

#create_key(state) ⇒ void

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

This method returns an undefined value.

Create a temporary SSH key pair for this instance.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    Instance state hash.



1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1080

def create_key(state)
  return if state[:auto_key_id]

  # Encode a bunch of metadata into the name because that's all we can
  # set for a key pair.
  name_parts = [
    instance.name.gsub(/\W/, ""),
    (Etc.getlogin || "nologin").gsub(/\W/, ""),
    Socket.gethostname.gsub(/\W/, "")[0..20],
    Time.now.utc.iso8601,
    Array.new(8) { rand(36).to_s(36) }.join,
  ]
  # In a perfect world this would generate the key locally and use ImportKey
  # instead for better security, but given the use case that is very likely
  # to rapidly exhaust local entropy by creating a lot of keys. So this is
  # probably fine. If you want very high security, probably don't use this
  # feature anyway.
  resp = ec2.client.create_key_pair(
    key_name: "kitchen-#{name_parts.join("-")}",
    key_type: config[:aws_ssh_key_type],
    tag_specifications: [
      {
        resource_type: "key-pair",
        tags: [
          {
            key: "created-by",
            value: "test-kitchen",
          },
        ],
      },
    ]
  )
  state[:auto_key_id] = resp.key_name
  info("Created automatic key pair #{state[:auto_key_id]}")
  # Write the key out with safe permissions
  key_path = "#{config[:kitchen_root]}/.kitchen/#{instance.name}.pem"
  File.open(key_path, File::WRONLY | File::CREAT | File::EXCL, 00600) do |f|
    f.write(resp.key_material)
  end
  # Inject the key into the state to be used by the SSH transport, or for
  # the Windows password decrypt above in {#fetch_windows_admin_password}.
  state[:ssh_key] = key_path
end

#create_security_group(state) ⇒ void

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

This method returns an undefined value.

Create a temporary security group for this instance.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    Instance state hash.



1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1000

def create_security_group(state)
  return if state[:auto_security_group_id]

  # Work out which VPC, if any, we are creating in.
  vpc_id = if config[:subnet_id]
             # Get the VPC ID for the subnet.
             subnets = ec2.client.describe_subnets(filters: [{ name: "subnet-id", values: [config[:subnet_id]] }]).subnets
             raise "Subnet #{config[:subnet_id]} not found during security group creation" if subnets.empty?

             subnets.first.vpc_id
           elsif config[:subnet_filter]
             filters = [config[:subnet_filter]].flatten

             r = { filters: [] }
             filters.each do |subnet_filter|
               r[:filters] << {
                 name: "tag:#{subnet_filter[:tag]}",
                 values: [subnet_filter[:value]],
               }
             end

             subnets = ec2.client.describe_subnets(r).subnets

             raise "Subnets with tags '#{filters}' not found during security group creation" if subnets.empty?

             subnets.first.vpc_id
           else
             # Try to check for a default VPC.
             vpcs = ec2.client.describe_vpcs(filters: [{ name: "isDefault", values: ["true"] }]).vpcs
             if vpcs.empty?
               # No default VPC so assume EC2-Classic ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
               nil
             else
               # I don't actually know if you can have more than one default VPC?
               vpcs.first.vpc_id
             end
           end
  # Create the SG.
  params = {
    group_name: "kitchen-#{Array.new(8) { rand(36).to_s(36) }.join}",
    description: "Test Kitchen for #{instance.name} by #{Etc.getlogin || "nologin"} on #{Socket.gethostname}",
    tag_specifications: [
      {
        resource_type: "security-group",
        tags: [
          {
            key: "created-by",
            value: "test-kitchen",
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  }
  params[:vpc_id] = vpc_id if vpc_id
  resp = ec2.client.create_security_group(params)
  state[:auto_security_group_id] = resp.group_id
  info("Created automatic security group #{state[:auto_security_group_id]}")
  debug("  in VPC #{vpc_id || "none"}")
  # Set up SG rules.
  ec2.client.authorize_security_group_ingress(
    group_id: state[:auto_security_group_id],
    # Allow SSH and WinRM (both plain and TLS).
    ip_permissions: [22, 3389, 5985, 5986].map do |port|
      {
        ip_protocol: "tcp",
        from_port: port,
        to_port: port,
        ip_ranges: Array(config[:security_group_cidr_ip]).map do |cidr_ip|
          { cidr_ip: }
        end,
      }
    end
  )
end

#default_ami ⇒ String?

Search for an image matching the requested platform.

Falls back to searching for Ubuntu when the platform name is not recognized, so that kitchen create still does something useful.

Returns:

  • (String, nil) —

    the image ID, or nil when the search matched nothing



466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 466

def default_ami
  @default_ami ||= begin
    search_platform = desired_platform ||
      Aws::StandardPlatform.from_platform_string(self, "ubuntu")
    image_search = config[:image_search] || search_platform.image_search
    search_platform.find_image(image_search)
  end
end

#default_instance_type ⇒ String

The instance type to use when the user did not choose one.

t3 instances require a hardware-virtualized image, so a paravirtual image falls back to the older t1 family.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    a free-tier instance type



422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 422

def default_instance_type
  @instance_type ||= if image && image.virtualization_type == "hvm"
                       info("instance_type not specified. Using free tier t3.micro instance ...")
                       "t3.micro"
                     else
                       info("instance_type not specified. Using free tier t1.micro instance since" \
                            " image is paravirtual (pick an hvm image to use the superior t3.micro!) ...")
                       "t1.micro"
                     end
end

#default_windows_user_data ⇒ String

The default PowerShell user data script for Windows instances.

Enables PS remoting, opens the WinRM firewall port and configures WinRM limits, without which a freshly created Windows instance cannot be connected to. Handles both EC2Launch (2016+) and the older EC2Config service, which log to different paths.

When the transport uses an account other than Administrator, a matching local account is created and password complexity is relaxed first, since a generated password may not satisfy the default policy.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    a PowerShell script wrapped in <powershell> tags



902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 902

def default_windows_user_data
  base_script = Kitchen::Util.outdent!("  $OSVersion = (get-itemproperty -Path \"HKLM:\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows NT\\\\CurrentVersion\" -Name ProductName).ProductName\n  If($OSVersion.contains('2016') -Or $OSVersion.contains('2019') -Or $OSVersion -eq 'Windows Server Datacenter') {\n    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path 'C:\\\\ProgramData\\\\Amazon\\\\EC2-Windows\\\\Launch\\\\Log'\n    $logfile='C:\\\\ProgramData\\\\Amazon\\\\EC2-Windows\\\\Launch\\\\Log\\\\kitchen-ec2.log'\n    # EC2Launch doesn't init extra disks by default\n    C:\\\\ProgramData\\\\Amazon\\\\EC2-Windows\\\\Launch\\\\Scripts\\\\InitializeDisks.ps1\n  } Else {\n     New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path 'C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Amazon\\\\Ec2ConfigService\\\\Logs'\n     $logfile='C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Amazon\\\\Ec2ConfigService\\\\Logs\\\\kitchen-ec2.log'\n  }\n\n  # Logfile fail-safe in case the directory does not exist\n  New-Item $logfile -Type file -Force\n\n  # Allow script execution\n  Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force\n  #PS Remoting and & winrm.cmd basic config\n  $enableArgs=@{Force=$true}\n  $command=Get-Command Enable-PSRemoting\n  if($command.Parameters.Keys -contains \"skipnetworkprofilecheck\"){\n      $enableArgs.skipnetworkprofilecheck=$true\n  }\n  Enable-PSRemoting @enableArgs\n  & winrm.cmd set winrm/config '@{MaxTimeoutms=\"1800000\"}' >> $logfile\n  & winrm.cmd set winrm/config/winrs '@{MaxMemoryPerShellMB=\"1024\"}' >> $logfile\n  & winrm.cmd set winrm/config/winrs '@{MaxShellsPerUser=\"50\"}' >> $logfile\n  & winrm.cmd set winrm/config/winrs '@{MaxMemoryPerShellMB=\"1024\"}' >> $logfile\n  #Firewall Config\n  & netsh advfirewall firewall set rule name=\"Windows Remote Management (HTTP-In)\" profile=public protocol=tcp localport=5985 remoteip=localsubnet new remoteip=any  >> $logfile\n  Set-ItemProperty -Name LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy -Path HKLM:\\\\software\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\CurrentVersion\\\\Policies\\\\system -Value 1\n  EOH\n\n  # Preparing custom static admin user if we defined something other than Administrator\n  custom_admin_script = \"\"\n  if instance.transport[:username] !~ /administrator/i && instance.transport[:password]\n    custom_admin_script = Kitchen::Util.outdent!(<<-EOH)\n    \"Disabling Complex Passwords\" >> $logfile\n    $seccfg = [IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()\n    & secedit.exe /export /cfg $seccfg >> $logfile\n    (Get-Content $seccfg) | Foreach-Object {$_ -replace \"PasswordComplexity\\\\s*=\\\\s*1\", \"PasswordComplexity = 0\"} | Set-Content $seccfg\n    & secedit.exe /configure /db $env:windir\\\\security\\\\new.sdb /cfg $seccfg /areas SECURITYPOLICY >> $logfile\n    & cp $seccfg \"c:\\\\\"\n    & del $seccfg\n    $username=\"\#{instance.transport[:username]}\"\n    $password=\"\#{instance.transport[:password]}\"\n    \"Creating static user: $username\" >> $logfile\n    & net.exe user /y /add $username $password >> $logfile\n    \"Adding $username to Administrators\" >> $logfile\n    & net.exe localgroup Administrators /add $username >> $logfile\n    EOH\n  end\n\n  # Returning the fully constructed PowerShell script to user_data\n  Kitchen::Util.outdent!(<<-EOH)\n  <powershell>\n  \#{base_script}\n  \#{custom_admin_script}\n  </powershell>\n  EOH\nend\n")

#delete_key(state) ⇒ void

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

This method returns an undefined value.

Clean up a temporary SSH key pair for this instance.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    Instance state hash.



1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1176

def delete_key(state)
  return unless state[:auto_key_id]

  info("Removing automatic key pair #{state[:auto_key_id]}")
  ec2.client.delete_key_pair(key_name: state[:auto_key_id])
  state.delete(:auto_key_id)
  File.unlink("#{config[:kitchen_root]}/.kitchen/#{instance.name}.pem")
end

#delete_security_group(state) ⇒ void

This method is part of a private API. You should avoid using this method if possible, as it may be removed or be changed in the future.

This method returns an undefined value.

Clean up a temporary security group for this instance.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    Instance state hash.



1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1163

def delete_security_group(state)
  return unless state[:auto_security_group_id]

  info("Removing automatic security group #{state[:auto_security_group_id]}")
  ec2.client.delete_security_group(group_id: state[:auto_security_group_id])
  state.delete(:auto_security_group_id)
end

#desired_platform ⇒ Kitchen::Driver::Aws::StandardPlatform?

The platform requested by the Test Kitchen platform name.

Returns:



449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 449

def desired_platform
  @desired_platform ||= begin
    platform = Aws::StandardPlatform.from_platform_string(self, instance.platform.name)
    if platform
      debug("platform name #{instance.platform.name} appears to be a standard platform." \
            " Searching for #{platform} ...")
    end
    platform
  end
end

#destroy(state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Terminate the instance and clean up everything created alongside it.

An instance that no longer exists is treated as success, since kitchen destroy is also how a failed create is cleaned up. Termination is waited on only when an auto-created security group needs removing, as the group cannot be deleted while an instance still references it.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, cleaned up in place



353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 353

def destroy(state)
  if state[:server_id]
    server = ec2.get_instance(state[:server_id])
    unless server.nil?
      instance.transport.connection(state).close
      begin
        server.terminate
      rescue ::Aws::EC2::Errors::InvalidInstanceIDNotFound => e
        warn("Received #{e}, instance was probably already destroyed. Ignoring")
      end
    end
    # If we are going to clean up an automatic security group, we need
    # to wait for the instance to shut down. This slightly breaks the
    # subsystem encapsulation, sorry not sorry.
    if state[:auto_security_group_id] && server && ec2.instance_exists?(state[:server_id])
      wait_log = proc do |attempts|
        c = attempts * config[:retryable_sleep]
        t = config[:retryable_tries] * config[:retryable_sleep]
        info "Waited #{c}/#{t}s for instance <#{server.id}> to terminate."
      end
      server.wait_until_terminated(
        max_attempts: config[:retryable_tries],
        delay: config[:retryable_sleep],
        before_attempt: wait_log
      )
    end
    info("EC2 instance <#{state[:server_id]}> destroyed.")
    state.delete(:server_id)
    state.delete(:hostname)
  end

  # Clean up any auto-created security groups or keys.
  delete_security_group(state)
  delete_key(state)

  # Clean up dedicated hosts matching instance_type and unused (if allowed)
  return unless config[:tenancy] == "host" && allow_deallocate_host?

  empty_hosts = hosts_with_capacity.select { |host| host_unused?(host) }
  empty_hosts.each { |host| deallocate_host(host.host_id) }
end

#ec2 ⇒ Kitchen::Driver::Aws::Client

The EC2 client wrapper, configured from the driver config.

Returns:



500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 500

def ec2
  @ec2 ||= Aws::Client.new(
    config[:region],
    config[:shared_credentials_profile],
    config[:http_proxy],
    config[:retry_limit],
    config[:ssl_verify_peer]
  )
end

#expand_config(conf, key) ⇒ Array<Hash>

Expand a config whose value for key is a list into one config per element.

Used to turn instance_type: [a, b] into two candidate configs to try in turn. The original config is cloned rather than mutated.

Parameters:

  • conf (Hash) —

    the config to expand

  • key (Symbol) —

    the key that may hold a list

Returns:

  • (Array<Hash>) —

    one config per value, or [conf] when the value is not a list



557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 557

def expand_config(conf, key)
  configs = []

  if conf[key].is_a?(Array)
    values = conf[key]
    values.each do |value|
      new_config = conf.clone
      new_config[key] = value
      configs.push new_config
    end
  else
    configs.push conf
  end

  configs
end

#fetch_windows_admin_password(server, state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Wait for and decrypt the generated Windows administrator password.

EC2 returns blank password data until the password is available, so this polls first and then decrypts with the instance's private key.

Parameters:

  • server (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the instance

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, updated in place with :password



779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 779

def fetch_windows_admin_password(server, state)
  wait_with_destroy(server, state, "to fetch windows admin password") do |_aws_instance|
    enc = server.client.get_password_data(
      instance_id: state[:server_id]
    ).password_data
    # Password data is blank until password is available
    !enc.nil? && !enc.empty?
  end
  pass = with_request_limit_backoff(state) do
    server.decrypt_windows_password(File.expand_path(state[:ssh_key] || instance.transport[:ssh_key]))
  end
  state[:password] = pass
  info("Retrieved Windows password for instance <#{state[:server_id]}>.")
end

#finalize_config!(instance) ⇒ self

Finalize the driver config and install transport overrides.

Instance Connect and SSM Session Manager both work by wrapping the transport's connection handling, which has to happen before the transport is first used.

Parameters:

  • instance (Kitchen::Instance) —

    the instance this driver serves

Returns:

  • (self) 


1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 1193

def finalize_config!(instance)
  super

  # Set up Instance Connect transport override if configured
  if config[:use_instance_connect]
    debug("[AWS EC2 Instance Connect] Setting up Instance Connect overrides")
    instance_connect_setup_override(instance)
    instance_connect_setup_inspec_override(instance)
  elsif config[:use_ssm_session_manager]
    debug("[AWS SSM Session Manager] Setting up SSM Session Manager overrides")
    ssm_session_manager_setup_override(instance)
    ssm_session_manager_setup_inspec_override(instance)
  end

  self
end

#hostname(server, interface_type = nil) ⇒ String?

Lookup hostname of provided server. If interface_type is provided use that interface to lookup hostname. Otherwise, try ordered list of options.

The address to connect to an instance on.

With no interface type, INTERFACE_TYPES is walked in order and the first populated value wins. AWS returns an empty string rather than nil for an address that is not assigned yet, so empty values are skipped.

Parameters:

  • server (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the instance

  • interface_type (String, nil) (defaults to: nil) —

    one of the keys of INTERFACE_TYPES

Returns:

  • (String, nil) —

    the address, or nil when none is available yet

Raises:

  • (Kitchen::UserError) —

    when interface_type is not recognized



846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 846

def hostname(server, interface_type = nil)
  if interface_type
    interface_type = INTERFACE_TYPES.fetch(interface_type) do
      raise Kitchen::UserError, "Invalid interface [#{interface_type}]"
    end
    server.send(interface_type)
  else
    potential_hostname = nil
    INTERFACE_TYPES.each_value do |type|
      potential_hostname ||= server.send(type)
      # AWS returns an empty string if the dns name isn't populated yet
      potential_hostname = nil if potential_hostname == ""
    end
    potential_hostname
  end
end

#image ⇒ Aws::EC2::Image

The EC2 image this instance will be created from.

Returns:

  • (Aws::EC2::Image)

Raises:

  • (RuntimeError) —

    when neither image_id nor image_search yielded an image, which happens when the platform name is not recognized and no explicit search was configured



401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 401

def image
  return @image if defined?(@image)

  if config[:image_id]
    @image = ec2.resource.image(config[:image_id])
    show_chosen_image

  else
    raise "Neither image_id nor an image_search specified for instance #{instance.name}!" \
          " Please specify one or the other."
  end

  @image
end

#image_info(image) ⇒ String

A one-line summary of the attributes that drive image selection.

Parameters:

  • image (Aws::EC2::Image) —

    the image to describe

Returns:

  • (String) —

    architecture, virtualization, storage and creation date



984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 984

def image_info(image)
  root_device = image.block_device_mappings
    .find { |b| b.device_name == image.root_device_name }
  volume_type = " #{root_device.ebs.volume_type}" if root_device&.ebs

  " Architecture: #{image.architecture}," \
  " Virtualization: #{image.virtualization_type}," \
  " Storage: #{image.root_device_type}#{volume_type}," \
  " Created: #{image.creation_date}"
end

#instance_generator ⇒ Kitchen::Driver::Aws::InstanceGenerator

Note:

Deliberately reassigned rather than memoized with ||=: spot requests retry against a rewritten #config, and a cached generator would keep building the payload from the config of the first attempt.

A generator for the RunInstances payload.

Returns:



517
518
519
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 517

def instance_generator
  @instance_generator = Aws::InstanceGenerator.new(config, ec2, instance.logger)
end

#show_chosen_image ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Log which image was chosen and what platform was detected on it.



968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 968

def show_chosen_image
  # Print some debug stuff
  debug("Image for #{instance.name}: #{image.name}. #{image_info(image)}")
  if actual_platform
    info("Detected platform: #{actual_platform.name} version #{actual_platform.version}" \
         " on #{actual_platform.architecture}. Instance Type: #{config[:instance_type]}." \
         " Default username: #{actual_platform.username} (default).")
  else
    debug("No platform detected for #{image.name}.")
  end
end

#submit_server ⇒ Aws::EC2::Instance

Request a single on-demand instance.

Returns:

  • (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the newly requested instance



524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 524

def submit_server
  instance_data = instance_generator.ec2_instance_data
  debug("Creating EC2 instance in region #{config[:region]} with properties:")
  instance_data.each do |key, value|
    debug("- #{key} = #{value.inspect}")
  end

  ec2.create_instance(instance_data)
end

#submit_spot ⇒ Aws::EC2::Instance

Request a single spot instance for the current config.

A spot_price of "ondemand" or "on-demand" requests a spot instance with no price cap, which EC2 expresses by omitting max_price.

create_instances is used rather than request_spot_instances because only the former can tag an instance at creation time; the retry loop compensates for its lack of built-in waiting.

Returns:

  • (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the newly requested instance

Raises:

  • (Aws::EC2::Errors::SpotMaxPriceTooLow) —

    when the price could not be satisfied within spot_wait seconds



648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 648

def submit_spot
  debug("Creating EC2 Spot Instance..")
  instance_data = instance_generator.ec2_instance_data

  config_spot_price = config[:spot_price].to_s
  spot_price = if %w{ondemand on-demand}.include?(config_spot_price)
                 ""
               else
                 config_spot_price
               end
  spot_options = {
    # Must use one-time in order to use instance_interruption_behavior=terminate
    # spot_instance_type: "one-time", # default
    # Must use instance_interruption_behavior=terminate in order to use block_duration_minutes
    # instance_interruption_behavior: "terminate", # default
  }
  if config[:block_duration_minutes]
    spot_options[:block_duration_minutes] = config[:block_duration_minutes]
  end
  unless spot_price == "" # i.e. on-demand
    spot_options[:max_price] = spot_price
  end

  instance_data[:instance_market_options] = {
    market_type: "spot",
    spot_options:,
  }

  # The preferred way to create a spot instance is via request_spot_instances()
  # However, it does not allow for tagging to occur at creation time.
  # create_instances() allows creation of tagged spot instances, but does
  # not retry if the price could not be satisfied immediately.
  Retryable.retryable(
    tries: config[:spot_wait] / config[:retryable_sleep],
    sleep: ->(_n) { config[:retryable_sleep] },
    on: ::Aws::EC2::Errors::SpotMaxPriceTooLow
  ) do |retries|
    c = retries * config[:retryable_sleep]
    t = config[:spot_wait]
    info "Waited #{c}/#{t}s for spot request to become fulfilled."
    ec2.create_instance(instance_data)
  end
end

#submit_spots ⇒ Aws::EC2::Instance

Request a spot instance, trying each viable configuration in turn.

Spot capacity is per instance type and per availability zone, so a request can fail for reasons that a different type or subnet would satisfy. Every combination of instance type and subnet is attempted before giving up, and all the failures are reported together.

Returns:

  • (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the first instance that could be fulfilled

Raises:

  • (RuntimeError) —

    listing every failure when none could be fulfilled



583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 583

def submit_spots
  configs = [config]
  expanded = []
  keys = i{instance_type}

  if config[:subnet_filter]
    # => Enable cascading through matching subnets
    client = ::Aws::EC2::Client.new(region: config[:region])

    filters = [config[:subnet_filter]].flatten

    r = { filters: [] }
    filters.each do |subnet_filter|
      r[:filters] <<
        {
          name: "tag:#{subnet_filter[:tag]}",
          values: [subnet_filter[:value]],
        }
    end

    subnets = client.describe_subnets(r).subnets

    raise "Subnets with tags '#{filters}' not found!" if subnets.empty?

    configs = subnets.map do |subnet|
      new_config = config.clone
      new_config[:subnet_id] = subnet.subnet_id
      new_config[:subnet_filter] = nil
      new_config
    end
  else
    # => Use explicitly specified subnets
    keys << :subnet_id
  end

  keys.each do |key|
    configs.each do |conf|
      expanded.push expand_config(conf, key)
    end
    configs = expanded.flatten
    expanded = []
  end

  errs = []
  configs.each do |conf|
    @config = conf
    return submit_spot
  rescue => e
    errs.append(e)
  end
  raise ["Could not create a spot instance:", errs].flatten.join("\n")
end

#sudo_command ⇒ String

Returns the sudo command to use or empty string if sudo is not configured

The command used to elevate privileges, if any.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the sudo command, or an empty string when sudo is off



869
870
871
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 869

def sudo_command
  instance.provisioner[:sudo] ? instance.provisioner[:sudo_command].to_s : ""
end

#update_username(state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Record the platform's default SSH username in the instance state.

Only applied when the transport is still using its own default username, so that a username the user configured is never overwritten.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, updated in place



482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 482

def update_username(state)
  # BUG: With the following equality condition on username, if the user specifies 'root'
  # as the transport's username then we will overwrite that value with one from the standard
  # platform definitions. This seems difficult to handle here as the default username is
  # provided by the underlying transport classes, and is often non-nil (eg; 'root'), leaving
  # us no way to distinguish a user-set value from the transport's default.
  # See https://github.com/test-kitchen/kitchen-ec2/pull/273
  if actual_platform &&
      instance.transport[:username] == instance.transport.class.defaults[:username]
    debug("No SSH username specified: using default username #{actual_platform.username} " \
          "for image #{config[:image_id]}, which we detected as #{actual_platform}.")
    state[:username] = actual_platform.username
  end
end

#wait_until_ready(server, state) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Wait until an instance is genuinely usable.

server.wait_until_running is not sufficient: an instance can report running before it has an address, and a Windows instance is not usable until its console output says so. The hostname is stored as soon as it is known so that a later failure still leaves enough state to clean up.

Parameters:

  • server (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the instance to wait on

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, updated in place



702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 702

def wait_until_ready(server, state)
  wait_with_destroy(server, state, "to become ready") do |aws_instance|
    hostname = hostname(aws_instance, config[:interface])
    # We aggressively store the hostname so if the process fails here
    # we still have it, even if it will change later
    state[:hostname] = hostname
    # Euca instances often report ready before they have an IP
    ready = aws_instance.exists? &&
      aws_instance.state.name == "running" &&
      hostname != "0.0.0.0"

    if ready && (hostname.nil? || hostname == "")
      debug("Unable to detect hostname using interface_type #{config[:interface]}. Fallback to ordered mapping")
      state[:hostname] = hostname(aws_instance, nil)
    end
    if ready && windows_os?
      if instance.transport[:username] =~ /administrator/i &&
          instance.transport[:password].nil?
        # If we're logging into the administrator user and a password isn't
        # supplied, try to fetch it from the AWS instance
        fetch_windows_admin_password(server, state)
      else
        output = server.console_output.output || ""
        unless output.nil?
          output = Base64.decode64(output)
          debug "Console output: --- \n#{output}"
        end
        ready = !!output.include?("Windows is Ready to use")
      end
    end
    ready
  end
end

#wait_with_destroy(server, state, status_msg) {|aws_instance| ... } ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Poll until a block returns true, destroying the instance if it never does.

An instance that never becomes ready would otherwise keep running and accruing charges after Test Kitchen gave up on it.

Parameters:

  • server (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the instance to wait on

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state

  • status_msg (String) —

    what is being waited for, for log messages

Yield Parameters:

  • aws_instance (Aws::EC2::Instance) —

    the instance being polled

Yield Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true when the wait is over

Raises:

  • (Aws::Waiters::Errors::WaiterFailed) —

    after destroying the instance



748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 748

def wait_with_destroy(server, state, status_msg, &block)
  wait_log = proc do |attempts|
    c = attempts * config[:retryable_sleep]
    t = config[:retryable_tries] * config[:retryable_sleep]
    info "Waited #{c}/#{t}s for instance <#{state[:server_id]}> #{status_msg}."
  end
  begin
    with_request_limit_backoff(state) do
      server.wait_until(
        max_attempts: config[:retryable_tries],
        delay: config[:retryable_sleep],
        before_attempt: wait_log,
        &block
      )
    end
  rescue ::Aws::Waiters::Errors::WaiterFailed
    error("Ran out of time waiting for the server with id [#{state[:server_id]}]" \
      " #{status_msg}, attempting to destroy it")
    destroy(state)
    raise
  end
end

#with_request_limit_backoff(state) ⇒ Object

Retry a block with quadratic backoff when EC2 throttles the request.

Only throttling is retried; any other error is re-raised immediately so that a genuine failure is not delayed by five pointless retries.

Parameters:

  • state (Hash) —

    the instance state, used for log messages

Yield Returns:

  • (Object) —

    the block's value

Returns:

  • (Object) —

    the block's value



802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
 
# File 'lib/kitchen/driver/ec2.rb', line 802

def with_request_limit_backoff(state)
  retries = 0
  begin
    yield
  rescue ::Aws::EC2::Errors::RequestLimitExceeded, ::Aws::Waiters::Errors::UnexpectedError => e
    raise unless retries < 5 && e.message.include?("Request limit exceeded")

    retries += 1
    info("Request limit exceeded for instance <#{state[:server_id]}>." \
         " Trying again in #{retries**2} seconds.")
    sleep(retries**2)
    retry
  end
end