Class: IPAddress::IPv6

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Comparable, Enumerable, IPAddress
Defined in:
lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb

Overview

Name

IPAddress::IPv6 - IP version 6 address manipulation library

Synopsis

require 'ipaddress'

Description

Class IPAddress::IPv6 is used to handle IPv6 type addresses.

IPv6 addresses

IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, in contrast with IPv4 addresses which are only 32 bits long. An IPv6 address is generally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits or two octect. For example, the following is a valid IPv6 address:

2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a

Letters in an IPv6 address are usually written downcase, as per RFC. You can create a new IPv6 object using uppercase letters, but they will be converted.

Compression

Since IPv6 addresses are very long to write, there are some semplifications and compressions that you can use to shorten them.

  • Leading zeroes: all the leading zeroes within a group can be omitted: “0008” would become “8”

  • A string of consecutive zeroes can be replaced by the string “::”. This can be only applied once.

Using compression, the IPv6 address written above can be shorten into the following, equivalent, address

2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a

This short version is often used in human representation.

Network Mask

As we used to do with IPv4 addresses, an IPv6 address can be written using the prefix notation to specify the subnet mask:

2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64

The /64 part means that the first 64 bits of the address are representing the network portion, and the last 64 bits are the host portion.

Direct Known Subclasses

Loopback, Mapped, Unspecified

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Loopback, Mapped, Unspecified

Constant Summary collapse

IN6FORMAT =

Format string to pretty print IPv6 addresses

("%.4x:"*8).chop

Constants included from IPAddress

AUTHORS, GEM, NAME, VERSION

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from IPAddress

demongoize, deprecate, evolve, #ipv4?, #ipv6?, mongoize, #mongoize, ntoa, parse, valid?, valid_ip?, valid_ipv4?, valid_ipv4_netmask?, valid_ipv4_subnet?, valid_ipv6?, valid_ipv6_subnet?

Constructor Details

#initialize(str) ⇒ IPv6

Creates a new IPv6 address object.

An IPv6 address can be expressed in any of the following forms:

  • “2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:417A”: IPv6 address with no compression

  • “2001:db8:0:0:8:800:200C:417A”: IPv6 address with leading zeros compression

  • “2001:db8::8:800:200C:417A”: IPv6 address with full compression

In all these 3 cases, a new IPv6 address object will be created, using the default subnet mask /128

You can also specify the subnet mask as with IPv4 addresses:

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 89

def initialize(str)
  raise ArgumentError, "Nil IP" unless str
  ip, netmask = str.split("/")

  if str =~ /:.+\./
    raise ArgumentError, "Please use #{self.class}::Mapped for IPv4 mapped addresses"
  end

  if IPAddress.valid_ipv6?(ip)
    @groups = self.class.groups(ip)
    @address = IN6FORMAT % @groups
    @compressed = compress_address
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "Invalid IP #{ip.inspect}"
  end

  @prefix = Prefix128.new(netmask ? netmask : 128)
  @allocator = 0

end

Class Method Details

.compress(str) ⇒ Object

Compress an IPv6 address in its compressed form

IPAddress::IPv6.compress "2001:0DB8:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000"
  #=> "2001:db8:0:cd30::"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 802

def self.compress(str)
  self.new(str).compressed
end

.expand(str) ⇒ Object

Expands an IPv6 address in the canocical form

IPAddress::IPv6.expand "2001:0DB8:0:CD30::"
  #=> "2001:0DB8:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 792

def self.expand(str)
  self.new(str).address
end

.groups(str) ⇒ Object

Extract 16 bits groups from a string



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 851

def self.groups(str)
  l, r = if str =~ /^(.*)::(.*)$/
           [$1,$2].map {|i| i.split ":"}
         else
           [str.split(":"),[]]
         end
  (l + Array.new(8-l.size-r.size, '0') + r).map {|i| i.hex}
end

.parse_data(str) ⇒ Object

Creates a new IPv6 object from binary data, like the one you get from a network stream.

For example, on a network stream the IP

"2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a"

is represented with the binary data

" \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"

With that data you can create a new IPv6 object:

ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_data " \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"
ip6.prefix = 64

ip6.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 880

def self.parse_data(str)
  self.new(IN6FORMAT % str.unpack("n8"))
end

.parse_hex(hex, prefix = 128) ⇒ Object

Creates a new IPv6 object from a number expressed in hexdecimal format:

ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_hex("20010db80000000000080800200c417a")
ip6.prefix = 64

ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

The prefix parameter is optional:

ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_hex("20010db80000000000080800200c417a", 64)

ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 923

def self.parse_hex(hex, prefix=128)
  self.parse_u128(hex.hex, prefix)
end

.parse_u128(u128, prefix = 128) ⇒ Object

Creates a new IPv6 object from an unsigned 128 bits integer.

ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(42540766411282592856906245548098208122)
ip6.prefix = 64

ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

The prefix parameter is optional:

ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(42540766411282592856906245548098208122, 64)

ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 901

def self.parse_u128(u128, prefix=128)
  str = IN6FORMAT % (0..7).map{|i| (u128>>(112-16*i))&0xffff}
  self.new(str + "/#{prefix}")
end

.summarize(*args) ⇒ Object

Summarization (or aggregation) is the process when two or more networks are taken together to check if a supernet, including all and only these networks, exists. If it exists then this supernet is called the summarized (or aggregated) network.

It is very important to understand that summarization can only occur if there are no holes in the aggregated network, or, in other words, if the given networks fill completely the address space of the supernet. So the two rules are:

1) The aggregate network must contain all the IP addresses of the

original networks;

2) The aggregate network must contain only the IP addresses of the

original networks;

A few examples will help clarify the above. Let’s consider for instance the following two networks:

ip1 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::1/64")
ip2 = IPAddress("2001:0db8:8:801::2/64")

These two networks can be expressed using only one IP address network if we change the prefix. Let Ruby do the work:

IPAddress::IPv6::summarize(ip1,ip2).to_s
  #=> "2001:db8:8:800::/63"

We note how the network “2001:db8:8:800::/63” includes all the addresses specified in the above networks, and (more important) includes ONLY those addresses.

If we summarized ip1 and ip2 with the following network:

"2001:db8::/32"

we would have satisfied rule #1 above, but not rule #2. So “2001:db8::/32” is not an aggregate network for ip1 and ip2.

If it’s not possible to compute a single aggregated network for all the original networks, the method returns an array with all the aggregate networks found. For example, the following four networks can be aggregated in a single /22:

ip1 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::1/64")
ip2 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:801::1/64")
ip3 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:802::1/64")
ip4 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:803::1/64")

IPAddress::IPv6::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).to_string
  #=> "2001:db8:8:800::/62",

But the following networks can’t be summarized in a single network:

ip1 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:801::1/64")
ip2 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:802::1/64")
ip3 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:803::1/64")
ip4 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:804::1/64")

IPAddress::IPv6::summarize(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4).map{|i| i.to_string}
  #=> ["2001:db8:8:801::/64","2001:db8:8:802::/63","2001:db8:8:804::/64"]



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 989

def self.summarize(*args)
  # one network? no need to summarize
  return [args.first.network] if args.size == 1
  args_size = args.size 

  i = 0
  result = args.sort.map{|ip| ip.network}
  while i < result.size-1
    sum = result[i] + result[i+1]
    result[i..i+1] = sum.first if sum.size == 1
    i += 1
  end

  result.flatten!
  if result.size == args_size
    # nothing more to summarize
    return result
  else
    # keep on summarizing
    return self.summarize(*result)
  end
end

Instance Method Details

#+(oth) ⇒ Object

Returns a new IPv6 object which is the result of the summarization, if possible, of the two objects

Example:

ip1 = IPAddress("172.16.10.1/24")
ip2 = IPAddress("172.16.11.2/24")

p (ip1 + ip2).map {|i| i.to_string}
  #=> ["172.16.10.0/23"]

If the networks are not contiguous, returns the two network numbers from the objects

ip1 = IPAddress("10.0.0.1/24")
ip2 = IPAddress("10.0.2.1/24")

p (ip1 + ip2).map {|i| i.to_string}
  #=> ["10.0.0.0/24","10.0.2.0/24"]



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 610

def +(oth)
  aggregate(*[self,oth].sort.map{|i| i.network})
end

#<=>(oth) ⇒ Object

Spaceship operator to compare IPv6 objects

Comparing IPv6 addresses is useful to ordinate them into lists that match our intuitive perception of ordered IP addresses.

The first comparison criteria is the u128 value. For example, 2001:db8:1::1 will be considered to be less than 2001:db8:2::1, because, in a ordered list, we expect 2001:db8:1::1 to come before 2001:db8:2::1.

The second criteria, in case two IPv6 objects have identical addresses, is the prefix. An higher prefix will be considered greater than a lower prefix. This is because we expect to see 2001:db8:1::1/64 come before 2001:db8:1::1/65

Example:

ip1 = IPAddress "2001:db8:1::1/64"
ip2 = IPAddress "2001:db8:2::1/64"
ip3 = IPAddress "2001:db8:1::1/65"

ip1 < ip2
  #=> true
ip1 < ip3
  #=> false

[ip1,ip2,ip3].sort.map{|i| i.to_string}
  #=> ["2001:db8:1::1/64","2001:db8:1::1/65","2001:db8:2::1/64"]



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 767

def <=>(oth)
  return nil unless oth.is_a?(self.class)
  return prefix <=> oth.prefix if to_u128 == oth.to_u128
  to_u128 <=> oth.to_u128
end

#[](index) ⇒ Object Also known as: group

Returns the 16-bits value specified by index

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64")

ip[0]
  #=> 8193
ip[1]
  #=> 3512
ip[2]
  #=> 0
ip[3]
  #=> 0



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 320

def [](index)
  @groups[index]
end

#[]=(index, value) ⇒ Object Also known as: group=

Updated the octet specified at index



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 328

def []=(index, value)
  @groups[index] = value
  initialize("#{IN6FORMAT % @groups}/#{prefix}")
end

#address ⇒ Object

Returns the IPv6 address in uncompressed form:

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.address
  #=> "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 118

def address
  @address
end

#allocate(skip = 0) ⇒ Object

Allocates a new ip from the current subnet. Optional skip parameter can be used to skip addresses.

Will raise StopIteration exception when all addresses have been allocated

Example:

ip = IPAddress("10.0.0.0/24")
ip.allocate
  #=> "10.0.0.1/24"
ip.allocate
  #=> "10.0.0.2/24"
ip.allocate(2)
  #=> "10.0.0.5/24"

Uses an internal @allocator which tracks the state of allocated addresses.



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 1032

def allocate(skip=0)
    @allocator += 1 + skip

    next_ip = network_u128+@allocator
    if next_ip > broadcast_u128
        raise StopIteration
    end
    self.class.parse_u128(next_ip, @prefix)
end

#as_json ⇒ Object

When serializing to JSON format, just use the string representation

ip = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip.as_json
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 129

def as_json
  to_string
end

#bits ⇒ Object

Returns the address portion of an IP in binary format, as a string containing a sequence of 0 and 1

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a")

ip6.bits
  #=> "0010000000000001000011011011100000 [...] "



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 782

def bits
  data.unpack("B*").first
end

#broadcast ⇒ Object

Returns the broadcast address for the given IP. As this is IPv6 it is just the last IP

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::/64")

ip.broadcast.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8:8:800::"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 840

def broadcast
  if prefix == 128
    return self
  else
    IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(broadcast_u128)
  end
end

#broadcast_u128 ⇒ Object

Returns the broadcast address in Unsigned 128bits format

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.broadcast_u128
  #=> 42540766411282592875350729025363378175

Please note that there is no Broadcast concept in IPv6 addresses as in IPv4 addresses, and this method is just an helper to other functions.



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 469

def broadcast_u128
  network_u128 + size - 1
end

#compressed ⇒ Object

Compressed form of the IPv6 address

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.compressed
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 529

def compressed
  @compressed
end

#data ⇒ Object

Returns the address portion of an IPv6 object in a network byte order format.

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.data
  #=> " \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"

It is usually used to include an IP address in a data packet to be sent over a socket

a = Socket.open(params) # socket details here
ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
binary_data = ["Address: "].pack("a*") + ip.data

# Send binary data
a.puts binary_data



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 365

def data
  @groups.pack("n8")
end

#each ⇒ Object

Iterates over all the IP addresses for the given network (or IP address).

The object yielded is a new IPv6 object created from the iteration.

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::4/125")

ip6.each do |i|
  p i.compressed
end
  #=> "2001:db8::"
  #=> "2001:db8::1"
  #=> "2001:db8::2"
  #=> "2001:db8::3"
  #=> "2001:db8::4"
  #=> "2001:db8::5"
  #=> "2001:db8::6"
  #=> "2001:db8::7"

WARNING: if the host portion is very large, this method can be very slow and possibly hang your system!



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 700

def each
  (network_u128..broadcast_u128).each do |i|
    yield self.class.parse_u128(i, @prefix)
  end
end

#find_adjacent_subnet ⇒ Object

Finds the adjacent block to a subnet.

Example:

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8::/32")
ip.find_adjacent_subnet
  #=> "2001:db9::/32"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 1051

def find_adjacent_subnet
  return false if prefix == 0
  current_subnet = to_string
  self.prefix = @prefix - 1
  adjacent_subnet = (split.map{|i| i.to_string} - [current_subnet])[0]
  self.prefix = @prefix + 1
  return adjacent_subnet
end

#first ⇒ Object

Returns a new IPv6 object with the first host IP address in the range.

Example: given the 2001:db8:8:800::/64 network, the first

host IP address is 2001:db8:8:800

ip = IPAddress(“2001:db8:8:800::/64”)

ip.first.to_s

#=> "2001:db8:8:800::"

The object IP doesn’t need to be a network: the method automatically gets the network number from it

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:9:800::2/64")

ip.first.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8:9:800::"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 269

def first
  if prefix == 128
    return self
  else
    IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(network_u128)
  end
end

#groups ⇒ Object

Returns an array with the 16 bits groups in decimal format:

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.groups
  #=> [8193, 3512, 0, 0, 8, 2048, 8204, 16762]



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 142

def groups
  @groups
end

#hexs ⇒ Object

Returns an array of the 16 bits groups in hexdecimal format:

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.hexs
  #=> ["2001", "0db8", "0000", "0000", "0008", "0800", "200c", "417a"]

Not to be confused with the similar IPv6#to_hex method.



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 380

def hexs
  @address.split(":")
end

#include?(oth) ⇒ Boolean

Checks whether a subnet includes the given IP address.

Example:

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
addr = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:1/128"

ip6.include? addr
  #=> true

ip6.include? IPAddress("2001:db8:1::8:800:200c:417a/76")
  #=> false

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 501

def include?(oth)
  @prefix <= oth.prefix and network_u128 == self.class.new(oth.address+"/#@prefix").network_u128
end

#include_all?(*others) ⇒ Boolean

Checks whether a subnet includes all the given IPv4 objects.

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::1/64")

addr1 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::2/64")
addr2 = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::8/64")

ip.include_all?(addr1,addr2)
  #=> true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 517

def include_all?(*others)
  others.all? {|oth| include?(oth)}
end

#last ⇒ Object

Like its sibling method IPv4#first, this method returns a new IPv4 object with the last host IP address in the range.

Example: given the 192.168.100.0/24 network, the last host IP address is 192.168.100.254

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::/64")

ip.last.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8:8:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"

The object IP doesn’t need to be a network: the method automatically gets the network number from it

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:9:800::2/64")

ip.last.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8:9:800:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 298

def last
  if prefix == 128
    return self
  else
    IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(broadcast_u128)
  end
end

#link_local? ⇒ Boolean

Checks if an IPv6 address objects belongs to a link-local network RFC4291

Example:

ip = IPAddress "fe80::1"
ip.link_local?
  #=> true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 561

def link_local?
  [self.class.new("fe80::/10")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end

#literal ⇒ Object

Literal version of the IPv6 address

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.literal
  #=> "2001-0db8-0000-0000-0008-0800-200c-417a.ipv6-literal.net"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 814

def literal
  @address.gsub(":","-") + ".ipv6-literal.net"
end

#loopback? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the address is a loopback address

See IPAddress::IPv6::Loopback for more information

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 547

def loopback?
  @prefix == 128 and @compressed == "::1"
end

#mapped? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the address is a mapped address

See IPAddress::IPv6::Mapped for more information

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 584

def mapped?
  to_u128 >> 32 == 0xffff
end

#network ⇒ Object

Returns a new IPv6 object with the network number for the given IP.

ip = IPAddress "2001:db8:1:1:1:1:1:1/32"

ip.network.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::/32"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 827

def network
  self.class.parse_u128(network_u128, @prefix)
end

#network? ⇒ Boolean

True if the IPv6 address is a network

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.network?
  #=> false

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8:8:800::/64"

ip6.network?
  #=> true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 245

def network?
  to_u128 | @prefix.to_u128 == @prefix.to_u128
end

#network_u128 ⇒ Object

Returns the network number in Unsigned 128bits format

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.network_u128
  #=> 42540766411282592856903984951653826560



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 453

def network_u128
  to_u128 & @prefix.to_u128
end

#pred ⇒ Object

Returns the predecessor to the IP address

Example:

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64")

ip6.pred.to_string
  => "2001:db8::8:800:200c:4179/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 731

def pred
  IPAddress::IPv6.parse_u128(to_u128.pred, prefix)
end

#prefix ⇒ Object

Returns an instance of the prefix object

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.prefix
  #=> 64



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 154

def prefix
  @prefix
end

#prefix=(num) ⇒ Object

Set a new prefix number for the object

This is useful if you want to change the prefix to an object created with IPv6::parse_u128 or if the object was created using the default prefix of 128 bits.

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a")

puts ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/128"

ip6.prefix = 64
puts ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 175

def prefix=(num)
  @prefix = Prefix128.new(num)
end

#reverse ⇒ Object Also known as: arpa

Returns the IPv6 address in a DNS reverse lookup string, as per RFC3172 and RFC2874.

ip6 = IPAddress "3ffe:505:2::f"

ip6.reverse
  #=> "f.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0.5.0.5.0.e.f.f.3.ip6.arpa"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 393

def reverse
  to_hex.reverse.gsub(/./){|c| c+"."} + "ip6.arpa"
end

#size ⇒ Object

Returns the number of IP addresses included in the network. It also counts the network address and the broadcast address.

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64")

ip6.size
  #=> 18446744073709551616



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 483

def size
  2 ** @prefix.host_prefix
end

#split(subnets = 2) ⇒ Object Also known as: /

Splits a network into different subnets

NOTE: Will allow you to split past /64 against RFC 5375

If the IP Address is a network, it can be divided into multiple networks. If self is not a network, this method will calculate the network from the IP and then subnet it.

If subnets is an power of two number, the resulting networks will be divided evenly from the supernet.

network = IPAddress("2001:db8:8::/48")

network / 4   # implies map{|i| i.to_string}
  #=> ["2001:db8:8::/50",
  #=>  "2001:db8:8:4000::/50",
  #=>  "2001:db8:8:8000::/50",
  #=>  "2001:db8:8:c000::/50"]

If num is any other number, the supernet will be divided into some networks with a even number of hosts and other networks with the remaining addresses.

network = IPAddress("2001:db8:8::/48")

network / 3   # implies map{|i| i.to_string}

  #=> ["2001:db8:8::/50",
  #=>  "2001:db8:8:4000::/50",
  #=>  "2001:db8:8:8000::/49"]

Returns an array of IPv6 objects



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 433

def split(subnets=2)
  unless (1..(2**@prefix.host_prefix)).include? subnets
    raise ArgumentError, "Value #{subnets} out of range" 
  end
  networks = subnet(newprefix(subnets))
  until networks.size == subnets
    networks = sum_first_found(networks)
  end
  return networks
end

#subnet(subprefix) ⇒ Object

This method implements the subnetting function similar to the one described in RFC3531.

By specifying a new prefix, the method calculates the network number for the given IPv4 object and calculates the subnets associated to the new prefix.

For example, given the following network:

ip = IPAddress "172.16.10.0/24"

we can calculate the subnets with a /26 prefix

ip.subnet(26).map{&:to_string)
  #=> ["172.16.10.0/26", "172.16.10.64/26",
       "172.16.10.128/26", "172.16.10.192/26"]

The resulting number of subnets will of course always be a power of two.



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 666

def subnet(subprefix)
  unless ((@prefix.to_i)..128).include? subprefix
    raise ArgumentError, "New prefix must be between #@prefix and 128"
  end
  Array.new(2**(subprefix-@prefix.to_i)) do |i|
    self.class.parse_u128(network_u128+(i*(2**(128-subprefix))), subprefix)
  end
end

#succ ⇒ Object Also known as: next

Returns the successor to the IP address

Example:

ip6 = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64")

ip6.succ.to_string
  => "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417b/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 716

def succ
  IPAddress::IPv6.parse_u128(to_u128.succ, prefix)
end

#supernet(new_prefix) ⇒ Object

Returns a new IPv4 object from the supernetting of the instance network.

Supernetting is similar to subnetting, except that you getting as a result a network with a smaller prefix (bigger host space). For example, given the network

ip = IPAddress("2001:db8:8:800::1/64")

you can supernet it with a new /32 prefix

ip.supernet(32).to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::/32"

However if you supernet it with a /22 prefix, the network address will change:

ip.supernet(22).to_string
  #=> "2001:c00::/22"

If new_prefix is less than 1, returns 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/0

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 638

def supernet(new_prefix)
  raise ArgumentError, "New prefix must be smaller than existing prefix" if new_prefix >= @prefix.to_i
  return self.class.new("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/0") if new_prefix < 1
  return self.class.new(@address+"/#{new_prefix}").network
end

#to_hex ⇒ Object

Returns a Base16 number representing the IPv6 address

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.to_hex
  #=> "20010db80000000000080800200c417a"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 343

def to_hex
  hexs.join("")
end

#to_i ⇒ Object Also known as: to_u128

Returns a decimal format (unsigned 128 bit) of the IPv6 address

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.to_i
  #=> 42540766411282592856906245548098208122



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 227

def to_i
  to_hex.hex
end

#to_s ⇒ Object

Returns the IPv6 address in a human readable form, using the compressed address.

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.to_s
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 214

def to_s
  @compressed
end

#to_string ⇒ Object

Returns the IPv6 address in a human readable form, using the compressed address.

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.to_string
  #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 201

def to_string
  "#@compressed/#@prefix"
end

#to_string_uncompressed ⇒ Object

Unlike its counterpart IPv6#to_string method, IPv6#to_string_uncompressed returns the whole IPv6 address and prefix in an uncompressed form

ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"

ip6.to_string_uncompressed
  #=> "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a/64"



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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 188

def to_string_uncompressed
  "#@address/#@prefix"
end

#unique_local? ⇒ Boolean

Checks if an IPv6 address objects belongs to a unique-local network RFC4193

Example:

ip = IPAddress "fc00::1"
ip.unique_local?
  #=> true

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 575

def unique_local?
  [self.class.new("fc00::/7")].any? {|i| i.include? self}
end

#unspecified? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the address is an unspecified address

See IPAddress::IPv6::Unspecified for more information

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/ipaddress_2/ipv6.rb', line 538

def unspecified?
  @prefix == 128 and @compressed == "::"
end