Class: Fiddle::Pointer

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
ext/fiddle/pointer.c,
ext/fiddle/pointer.c

Overview

Fiddle::Pointer is a class to handle C pointers

Direct Known Subclasses

CStructEntity

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#Fiddle::Pointer.new(address) ⇒ Object #new(address, size) ⇒ Object #new(address, size, freefunc) ⇒ Object

Create a new pointer to address with an optional size and freefunc.

freefunc will be called when the instance is garbage collected.



211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 211

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_initialize(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE ptr, sym, size, wrap = 0, funcwrap = 0;
    struct ptr_data *data;
    void *p = NULL;
    freefunc_t f = NULL;
    long s = 0;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &ptr, &size, &sym) >= 1) {
  VALUE addrnum = rb_Integer(ptr);
  if (addrnum != ptr) wrap = ptr;
  p = NUM2PTR(addrnum);
    }
    if (argc >= 2) {
  s = NUM2LONG(size);
    }
    if (argc >= 3) {
  f = get_freefunc(sym, &funcwrap);
    }

    if (p) {
  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
  if (data->ptr && data->free) {
      /* Free previous memory. Use of inappropriate initialize may cause SEGV. */
      (*(data->free))(data->ptr);
  }
  data->wrap[0] = wrap;
  data->wrap[1] = funcwrap;
  data->ptr  = p;
  data->size = s;
  data->free = f;
    }

    return Qnil;
}

Class Method Details

.Fiddle::Pointer ⇒ Object .to_ptr(val) ⇒ Object

Get the underlying pointer for ruby object val and return it as a Fiddle::Pointer object.



767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 767

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_to_ptr(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    VALUE ptr, wrap = val, vptr;

    if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cIO))){
  rb_io_t *fptr;
  FILE *fp;
  GetOpenFile(val, fptr);
  fp = rb_io_stdio_file(fptr);
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(fp, 0, NULL);
    }
    else if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cString))){
  char *str = StringValuePtr(val);
        wrap = val;
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(str, RSTRING_LEN(val), NULL);
    }
    else if ((vptr = rb_check_funcall(val, id_to_ptr, 0, 0)) != Qundef){
  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(vptr, rb_cPointer)){
      ptr = vptr;
      wrap = 0;
  }
  else{
      rb_raise(rb_eFiddleDLError, "to_ptr should return a Fiddle::Pointer object");
  }
    }
    else{
  VALUE num = rb_Integer(val);
  if (num == val) wrap = 0;
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(NUM2PTR(num), 0, NULL);
    }
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(ptr)->wrap[0] = wrap;
    return ptr;
}

.Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, freefunc = nil) ⇒ Object .Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, freefunc) {|pointer| ... } ⇒ Object

Examples

# Automatically freeing the pointer when the block is exited - recommended
Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, Fiddle::RUBY_FREE) do |pointer|
  ...
end

# Manually freeing but relying on the garbage collector otherwise
pointer = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, Fiddle::RUBY_FREE)
...
pointer.call_free

# Relying on the garbage collector - may lead to unlimited memory allocated before freeing any, but safe
pointer = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, Fiddle::RUBY_FREE)
...

# Only manually freeing
pointer = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size)
begin
  ...
ensure
  Fiddle.free pointer
end

# No free function and no call to free - the native memory will leak if the pointer is garbage collected
pointer = Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size)
...

Allocate size bytes of memory and associate it with an optional freefunc.

If a block is supplied, the pointer will be yielded to the block instead of being returned, and the return value of the block will be returned. A freefunc must be supplied if a block is.

If a freefunc is supplied it will be called once, when the pointer is garbage collected or when the block is left if a block is supplied or when the user calls call_free, whichever happens first. freefunc must be an address pointing to a function or an instance of Fiddle::Function.

Overloads:

  • .Fiddle::Pointer.malloc(size, freefunc) {|pointer| ... } ⇒ Object

    Yields:

    • (pointer) 


296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 296

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_malloc(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE size, sym, obj, wrap = 0;
    long s;
    freefunc_t f;

    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &size, &sym)) {
      case 1:
  s = NUM2LONG(size);
  f = NULL;
  break;
      case 2:
  s = NUM2LONG(size);
  f = get_freefunc(sym, &wrap);
  break;
      default:
  rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_s_malloc");
    }

    obj = rb_fiddle_ptr_malloc(klass, s,f);
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(obj)->wrap[1] = wrap;

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        if (!f) {
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "a free function must be supplied to Fiddle::Pointer.malloc when it is called with a block");
        }
        return rb_ensure(rb_yield, obj, rb_fiddle_ptr_call_free, obj);
    } else {
        return obj;
    }
}

.Fiddle::Pointer ⇒ Object .to_ptr(val) ⇒ Object

Get the underlying pointer for ruby object val and return it as a Fiddle::Pointer object.



767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 767

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_s_to_ptr(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    VALUE ptr, wrap = val, vptr;

    if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cIO))){
  rb_io_t *fptr;
  FILE *fp;
  GetOpenFile(val, fptr);
  fp = rb_io_stdio_file(fptr);
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(fp, 0, NULL);
    }
    else if (RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cString))){
  char *str = StringValuePtr(val);
        wrap = val;
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(str, RSTRING_LEN(val), NULL);
    }
    else if ((vptr = rb_check_funcall(val, id_to_ptr, 0, 0)) != Qundef){
  if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(vptr, rb_cPointer)){
      ptr = vptr;
      wrap = 0;
  }
  else{
      rb_raise(rb_eFiddleDLError, "to_ptr should return a Fiddle::Pointer object");
  }
    }
    else{
  VALUE num = rb_Integer(val);
  if (num == val) wrap = 0;
  ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr_new(NUM2PTR(num), 0, NULL);
    }
    if (wrap) RPTR_DATA(ptr)->wrap[0] = wrap;
    return ptr;
}

Instance Method Details

#+(n) ⇒ Object

Returns a new pointer instance that has been advanced n bytes.



621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 621

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr;
    long num, size;

    ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    size = RPTR_DATA(self)->size;
    num = NUM2LONG(other);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new((char *)ptr + num, size - num, 0);
}

#ptr ⇒ Object

Returns a new Fiddle::Pointer instance that is a dereferenced pointer for this pointer.

Analogous to the star operator in C.



364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 364

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ptr(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(*((void**)(data->ptr)),0,0);
}

#-(n) ⇒ Object

Returns a new pointer instance that has been moved back n bytes.



639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 639

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr;
    long num, size;

    ptr = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    size = RPTR_DATA(self)->size;
    num = NUM2LONG(other);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new((char *)ptr - num, size + num, 0);
}

#ref ⇒ Object

Returns a new Fiddle::Pointer instance that is a reference pointer for this pointer.

Analogous to the ampersand operator in C.



381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 381

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ref(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(&(data->ptr),0,0);
}

#<=>(other) ⇒ -1, ...

Returns -1 if less than, 0 if equal to, 1 if greater than other.

Returns nil if ptr cannot be compared to other.

Returns:

  • (-1, 0, 1, nil) 


600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 600

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;
    SIGNED_VALUE diff;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qnil;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);
    diff = (SIGNED_VALUE)ptr1 - (SIGNED_VALUE)ptr2;
    if (!diff) return INT2FIX(0);
    return diff > 0 ? INT2NUM(1) : INT2NUM(-1);
}

#==(other) ⇒ Boolean #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if other wraps the same pointer, otherwise returns false.

Overloads:

  • #==(other) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean) 


579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 579

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qfalse;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);

    return ptr1 == ptr2 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#[](index) ⇒ Integer #[](start, length) ⇒ String

Returns integer stored at index.

If start and length are given, a string containing the bytes from start of length will be returned.

Overloads:

  • #[](index) ⇒ Integer

    Returns:

    • (Integer)
  • #[](start, length) ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String) 


661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 661

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_aref(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE arg0, arg1;
    VALUE retval = Qnil;
    size_t offset, len;
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    if (!data->ptr) rb_raise(rb_eFiddleDLError, "NULL pointer dereference");
    switch( rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg0, &arg1) ){
      case 1:
  offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
  retval = INT2NUM(*((char *)data->ptr + offset));
  break;
      case 2:
  offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
  len    = NUM2ULONG(arg1);
  retval = rb_str_new((char *)data->ptr + offset, len);
  break;
      default:
  rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_aref()");
    }
    return retval;
}

#[]=(index) ⇒ Integer #[]=(start, length) ⇒ String

Set the value at index to int.

Or, set the memory at start until length with the contents of string, the memory from dl_cptr, or the memory pointed at by the memory address addr.

Overloads:

  • #[]=(index) ⇒ Integer

    Returns:

    • (Integer)
  • #[]=(start, length) ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String) 


698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 698

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_aset(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    VALUE arg0, arg1, arg2;
    VALUE retval = Qnil;
    size_t offset, len;
    void *mem;
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    if (!data->ptr) rb_raise(rb_eFiddleDLError, "NULL pointer dereference");
    switch( rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &arg0, &arg1, &arg2) ){
      case 2:
  offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
  ((char*)data->ptr)[offset] = NUM2UINT(arg1);
  retval = arg1;
  break;
      case 3:
  offset = NUM2ULONG(arg0);
  len    = NUM2ULONG(arg1);
  if (RB_TYPE_P(arg2, T_STRING)) {
      mem = StringValuePtr(arg2);
  }
  else if( rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg2, rb_cPointer) ){
      mem = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(arg2);
  }
  else{
      mem    = NUM2PTR(arg2);
  }
  memcpy((char *)data->ptr + offset, mem, len);
  retval = arg2;
  break;
      default:
  rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_aset()");
    }
    return retval;
}

#call_free ⇒ nil

Call the free function for this pointer. Calling more than once will do nothing. Does nothing if there is no free function attached.

Returns:

  • (nil) 


457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 457

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_call_free(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *pdata;
    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, pdata);
    fiddle_ptr_free_ptr(pdata);
    return Qnil;
}

#==(other) ⇒ Boolean #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if other wraps the same pointer, otherwise returns false.

Overloads:

  • #==(other) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean) 


579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 579

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    void *ptr1, *ptr2;

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPointer)) return Qfalse;

    ptr1 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(self);
    ptr2 = rb_fiddle_ptr2cptr(other);

    return ptr1 == ptr2 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#free ⇒ Fiddle::Function

Get the free function for this pointer.

Returns a new instance of Fiddle::Function.

See Fiddle::Function.new

Returns:



430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 430

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_free_get(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *pdata;
    VALUE address;
    VALUE arg_types;
    VALUE ret_type;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, pdata);

    if (!pdata->free)
  return Qnil;

    address = PTR2NUM(pdata->free);
    ret_type = INT2NUM(TYPE_VOID);
    arg_types = rb_ary_new();
    rb_ary_push(arg_types, INT2NUM(TYPE_VOIDP));

    return rb_fiddle_new_function(address, arg_types, ret_type);
}

#free=(function) ⇒ Object

Set the free function for this pointer to function in the given Fiddle::Function.



410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 410

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_free_set(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    data->free = get_freefunc(val, &data->wrap[1]);

    return Qnil;
}

#freed? ⇒ Boolean

Returns if the free function for this pointer has been called.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


471
472
473
474
475
476
477
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 471

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_freed_p(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *pdata;
    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, pdata);
    return pdata->freed ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

#inspect ⇒ Object

Returns a string formatted with an easily readable representation of the internal state of the pointer.



561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 561

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_sprintf("#<%"PRIsVALUE":%p ptr=%p size=%ld free=%p>",
          RB_OBJ_CLASSNAME(self), (void *)data, data->ptr, data->size, (void *)data->free);
}

#null? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is a null pointer.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 395

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_null_p(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return data->ptr ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
}

#ptr ⇒ Object

Returns a new Fiddle::Pointer instance that is a dereferenced pointer for this pointer.

Analogous to the star operator in C.



364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 364

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ptr(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(*((void**)(data->ptr)),0,0);
}

#ref ⇒ Object

Returns a new Fiddle::Pointer instance that is a reference pointer for this pointer.

Analogous to the ampersand operator in C.



381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 381

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_ref(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return rb_fiddle_ptr_new(&(data->ptr),0,0);
}

#size ⇒ Object

Get the size of this pointer.



753
754
755
756
757
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 753

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_size_get(VALUE self)
{
    return LONG2NUM(RPTR_DATA(self)->size);
}

#size=(size) ⇒ Object

Set the size of this pointer to size



741
742
743
744
745
746
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 741

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_size_set(VALUE self, VALUE size)
{
    RPTR_DATA(self)->size = NUM2LONG(size);
    return size;
}

#to_i ⇒ Object

Returns the integer memory location of this pointer.



334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 334

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_i(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return PTR2NUM(data->ptr);
}

#to_i ⇒ Object

Returns the integer memory location of this pointer.



334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 334

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_i(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return PTR2NUM(data->ptr);
}

#to_s ⇒ String #to_s(len) ⇒ String

Returns the pointer contents as a string.

When called with no arguments, this method will return the contents until the first NULL byte.

When called with len, a string of len bytes will be returned.

See to_str

Overloads:

  • #to_s ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String)
  • #to_s(len) ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String) 


494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 494

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_s(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    VALUE arg1, val;
    int len;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1)) {
      case 0:
  val = rb_str_new2((char*)(data->ptr));
  break;
      case 1:
  len = NUM2INT(arg1);
  val = rb_str_new((char*)(data->ptr), len);
  break;
      default:
  rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_to_s");
    }

    return val;
}

#to_str ⇒ String #to_str(len) ⇒ String

Returns the pointer contents as a string.

When called with no arguments, this method will return the contents with the length of this pointer’s size.

When called with len, a string of len bytes will be returned.

See to_s

Overloads:

  • #to_str ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String)
  • #to_str(len) ⇒ String

    Returns:

    • (String) 


532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 532

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_str(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    VALUE arg1, val;
    int len;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1)) {
      case 0:
  val = rb_str_new((char*)(data->ptr),data->size);
  break;
      case 1:
  len = NUM2INT(arg1);
  val = rb_str_new((char*)(data->ptr), len);
  break;
      default:
  rb_bug("rb_fiddle_ptr_to_str");
    }

    return val;
}

#to_value ⇒ Object

Cast this pointer to a ruby object.



348
349
350
351
352
353
354
 
# File 'ext/fiddle/pointer.c', line 348

static VALUE
rb_fiddle_ptr_to_value(VALUE self)
{
    struct ptr_data *data;
    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct ptr_data, &fiddle_ptr_data_type, data);
    return (VALUE)(data->ptr);
}