Class: CArray

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/carray/base/math.rb,
lib/carray/io/pg.rb,
lib/carray/io/csv.rb,
lib/carray/io/table.rb,
lib/carray/base/math.rb,
lib/carray/base/math.rb,
lib/carray/base/basic.rb,
lib/carray/base/basic.rb,
lib/carray/io/sqlite3.rb,
lib/carray/base/struct.rb,
lib/carray/base/inspect.rb,
lib/carray/base/iterator.rb,
lib/carray/base/iterator.rb,
lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb,
lib/carray/graphics/zimg.rb,
lib/carray/base/serialize.rb,
lib/carray/io/imagemagick.rb,
lib/carray/math/histogram.rb,
lib/carray/math/recurrence.rb,
lib/carray/object/ca_obj_pack.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_base.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_io_pg.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_io_csv.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_io_sqlite3.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_graphics_zimg.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_io_imagemagick.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_math_histogram.rb,
lib/carray/autoload/autoload_math_recurrence.rb,
ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb,
ext/narray/lib/math/narray_miss.rb,
ext/fortio/lib/carray/io/fortran_format.rb,
ext/narray/lib/autoload/autoload_math_narray_miss.rb,
ext/fortio/lib/carray/autoload/autoload_fortran_format.rb

Overview

carray/base/calculus.rb

This file is part of Ruby/CArray extension library.
You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
the Ruby Licence.

Copyright (C) 2005 Hiroki Motoyoshi

Direct Known Subclasses

CAHistogram, ImageMap

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Inspector, Serializer

Constant Summary collapse

HAVE_NARRAY =

“narray” should be loaded in config.rb

Qtrue
@@zimg_count = 
0

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.__new__(type, *args) ⇒ Object

Create new CArray object from the return value of the block with data type type. The dimensional size and the initialization value are guessed from the return value of the block. The block should return one of the following objects.

  • Numeric

  • Array

  • CArray

  • an object that has either method to_ca or to_a or map

When the return value of the block is a Numeric or CScalar object, CScalar object is returned.



52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 52

def CArray.__new__ (type, *args) # :nodoc:
  case v = args.first
  when CArray
    return ( v.data_type == type ) ? v.to_ca : v.to_type(type)
  when Array
    return CArray.new(type, CArray.guess_array_shape(v)) { v }
  when Range
    return CArray.span(type, *args)
  when String
    if type == CA_OBJECT
      return CScalar.new(CA_OBJECT) { v }
    elsif type == CA_BOOLEAN
        v = v.dup
        v.tr!('^01',"1")
        v.tr!('01',"\x0\x1")
        return CArray.boolean(v.length).load_binary(v)
    else
      case v
      when /;/
        v = v.strip.split(/\s*;\s*/).
                         map{|s| s.split(/\s+|\s*,\s*/).map{|x| x=='_' ? UNDEF : x} }
      else
        v = v.strip.split(/\s+|\s*,\s*/).map{|x| x=='_' ? UNDEF : x}
      end
      return CArray.new(type, CArray.guess_array_shape(v)) { v }
    end
  when NilClass
    return CArray.new(type, [0])
  else
    if v.respond_to?(:to_ca)
      ca = v.to_ca
      return ( ca.data_type == type ) ? ca : ca.to_type(type)
    else
      return CScalar.new(type) { v }
    end
  end
end

.__new_fixlen__(bytes, v) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 90

def CArray.__new_fixlen__ (bytes, v) # :nodoc:
  case v
  when CArray
    return ( v.data_type == :fixlen ) ? v.to_ca : v.to_type(:fixlen, :bytes=>bytes)
  when Array
    unless bytes
      bytes = v.map{|s| s.length}.max
    end
    return CArray.new(:fixlen, CArray.guess_array_shape(v), :bytes=>bytes) { v }
  when NilClass
    return CArray.new(type, [0])
  else
    if v.respond_to?(:to_ca)
      ca = v.to_ca
      return ( ca.data_type == :fixlen ) ? ca : ca.to_type(:fixlen, :bytes=>bytes)
    else
      return CScalar.new(:fixlen, :bytes=>bytes) { v }
    end
  end
end

.bind(data_type, list, at = 0) ⇒ Object 



898
899
900
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 898

def self.bind (data_type, list, at = 0)
  return CArray.combine(data_type, [list.size], list, at)
end

.combine(data_type, tdim, list, at = 0) ⇒ Object 



834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 834

def self.combine (data_type, tdim, list, at = 0)
  has_fill_value = false
  if block_given?
    fill_value = yield
    has_fill_value = true
  end
  if not tdim.is_a?(Array) or tdim.size == 0
    raise "invalid binding dimension"
  end
  if not list.is_a?(Array) or list.size == 0
    raise "invalid list"
  end
  list = list.map{|x| CArray.wrap_readonly(x, data_type) }
  ref  = list.detect{|x| x.is_a?(CArray) or not x.scalar? }
  unless ref
    raise "at least one element in list should be a carray"
  end
  dim   = ref.dim
  rank  = ref.rank
  trank = tdim.size
  if at < 0
    at += rank - trank + 1
  end
  unless at.between?(0, rank - trank)
    raise "concatnating position out of range"
  end
  list.map! do |x|
    if x.scalar?
      rdim = dim.clone
      rdim[at] = :%
      x = x[*rdim]        # convert CScalar to CARepeat
    end
    x
  end
  block = CArray.object(*tdim){ list }
  edim = tdim.clone
  idx = Array.new(tdim)
  offset = Array.new(tdim.size) { [] }
  tdim.each_with_index do |td, i|
    edim[i] = 0
    idx.map!{0}
    idx[i] = nil
    block[*idx].each do |e|
      offset[i] << edim[i]
      edim[i] += e.dim[at+i]  # extended dimension size
    end
  end
  newdim = dim.clone
  newdim[at,trank] = edim     # extended dimension size
  if has_fill_value
    obj = CArray.new(data_type, newdim) { fill_value }
  else      
    obj = CArray.new(data_type, newdim)
  end
  idx = newdim.map{0}
  block.each_with_index do |item, tidx|
    (at...at+trank).each_with_index do |d,i|
      idx[d] = offset[i][tidx[i]]
    end
    obj.paste(idx, item)
  end
  obj
end

.composite(data_type, tdim, list, at = 0) ⇒ Object 



902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 902

def self.composite (data_type, tdim, list, at = 0)
  if not tdim.is_a?(Array) or tdim.size == 0
    raise "invalid tiling dimension"
  end
  if not list.is_a?(Array) or list.size == 0
    raise "invalid carray list"
  end
  list = list.map{|x| CArray.wrap_readonly(x, data_type) }
  ref  = list.detect{|x| x.is_a?(CArray) or not x.scalar? }
  unless ref
    raise "at least one element in list should be a carray"
  end
  dim   = ref.dim
  rank  = ref.rank
  if at < 0
    at += rank + 1 #  "+ 1" is needed here
  end
  unless at.between?(0,rank)
    raise "tiling position is out of range"
  end
  trank = tdim.size
  list.map! do |x|
    if x.scalar?
      rdim = dim.clone
      rdim[at] = :%
      x = x[*rdim]     # convert CScalar to CARepeat
    end
    x
  end
  newdim = dim.clone
  newdim[at,0] = tdim
  obj = CArray.new(data_type, newdim)
  idx = Array.new(rank+trank) { nil }
  CArray.each_index(*tdim) do |*tidx|
    idx[at,trank] = tidx
    obj[*idx] = list.shift
  end
  obj
end

.dump(ca, opt = {}) ⇒ Object 



195
196
197
198
199
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 195

def self.dump (ca, opt={})
  io = StringIO.new("")
  Serializer.new(io).save(ca, opt) 
  return io.string
end

.from_binary(io, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



248
249
250
251
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 248

def self.from_binary (io, opt={})      # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray.from_binary will be obsolete, use CArray.load"
  return Serializer.new(io).load(opt)   
end

.from_bit_string(bstr, nb, data_type = CA_INT32, dim = nil) ⇒ Object 



786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 786

def self.from_bit_string (bstr, nb, data_type=CA_INT32, dim=nil)
  if dim
    obj = CArray.new(data_type, dim)
  else
    dim0 = ((bstr.length*8)/nb.to_f).floor
    obj = CArray.new(data_type, [dim0])
  end
  obj.from_bit_string(bstr, nb)
  return obj
end

.from_csv(io, option = {}, rs: $/, sep: ",", &block) ⇒ Object 



527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/csv.rb', line 527

def self.from_csv (io, option={}, rs: $/, sep: ",", &block)
  option = {:sep=>sep, :rs=>rs}.update(option)
  reader = CA::CSVReader.new(option[:sep], option[:rs], &block)
  case io
  when IO, StringIO
    return reader.read_io(io)
  when String
    return reader.read_string(io)
  else
    raise "invalid argument"
  end
end

.from_fortran_format(fmt, io) ⇒ Object 



5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
 
# File 'ext/fortio/lib/carray/io/fortran_format.rb', line 5

def self.from_fortran_format (fmt, io)
  case io
  when String
    io = StringIO.new(io)
  end
  case fmt
  when String
    fmt = FortranFormat.new(fmt)
  end
  data = []
  begin
    data << fmt.read(io)
  end until io.eof?
  return data.to_ca
end

.join(*argv) ⇒ Object 



946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 946

def self.join (*argv)
  # get options
  case argv.first
  when Integer, Symbol, String
    type, = *CArray.guess_type_and_bytes(argv.shift, 0)
  else
    type = argv.flatten.first.data_type
  end
  # process
  conc = argv.map do |list|
    case list
    when CArray
      if list.rank == 1
        list[:%,1]
      else
        list
      end
    when Array
      x0 = list.first
      if list.size == 1 and
          x0.is_a?(CArray) and
          x0.rank == 1
        list = [x0[:%,1]]
      else
      list = list.map { |x|
        case x
        when CArray
          if x.rank == 1
            x[:%,1]
          else
            x
          end
        when Array
          y = x.first
          if x.size == 1 and
              y.is_a?(CArray) and
              y.rank == 1
            y[1,:%]
          else
            CArray.join(*x)
          end
        else
          x
        end
      }
      end
      if block_given?
        CArray.bind(type, list, 1, &block)
      else
        CArray.bind(type, list, 1)
      end 
    else
      list
    end
  end
  if conc.size > 1
    return CArray.bind(type, conc)
  else
    return conc.first
  end
end

.load(input, opt = {}) ⇒ Object 



179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 179

def self.load (input, opt={})
  case input
  when String
    if input.length >= 256 and input =~ /\A_CARRAY_.{8}_(LE|BE)_/
      io = StringIO.new(input)
      return Serializer.new(io).load(opt)
    else
      open(input, "rb:ASCII-8BIT") { |io|
        return Serializer.new(io).load(opt)
      }
    end
  else
    return Serializer.new(input).load(opt)   
  end
end

.load_binary(filename, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



225
226
227
228
229
230
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 225

def self.load_binary (filename, opt={})     # :nodoc: 
  warn "CArray.load_binary will be obsolete, use CArray.load"
  open(filename) { |io|
    return Serializer.new(io).load(opt)
  }
end

.load_binary_io(io, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



237
238
239
240
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 237

def self.load_binary_io (io, opt={})   # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#load_binary_io will be obsolete, use CArray.load"
  return Serializer.new(io).load(opt)   
end

.load_by_magick(filename, imap = "rgb", data_type = nil) ⇒ Object 



48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/imagemagick.rb', line 48

def self.load_by_magick (filename, imap = "rgb", data_type = nil)
  if not File.exist?(filename)
    raise "can't find image file '#{filename}'"
  end
  identify_command = [
                      "identify",
                      "-format " + "'" + [
                                         "---",
                                         "height: %h",
                                         "width: %w",
                                         "depth: %z",
                                        ].join("\n") + "'",
                      filename,
                      "2>/dev/null"
                     ].join(" ")
  ident = YAML.load(`#{identify_command}`)
  if ident.empty?
    raise "ImageMagick's identify command failed to read image file '#{filename}'"
  end
  height, width, depth = ident.values_at('height', 'width', 'depth')
  unless data_type
    case depth
    when 8
      data_type = CA_UINT8
    when 16
      data_type = CA_UINT16
    when 32
      data_type = CA_UINT32
    end
  end
  storage_type = case data_type
                 when CA_UINT8, CA_INT8
                   "char"
                 when CA_UINT16, CA_INT16
                   "short"
                 when CA_UINT32, CA_INT32
                   "integer"
                 when CA_FLOAT32
                   "float"
                 when CA_FLOAT64
                   "double"
                 else
                   raise "invalid data_type"
                 end
  tempfile = "CA_Magick_#{$$}_#{@@magick_tempfile_count}.dat"
  @@magick_tempfile_count += 1
  stream_command = [
                    "stream",
                    "-storage-type #{storage_type}",
                    "-map #{imap}",
                    filename,
                    tempfile,
                    "2>/dev/null"
                   ].join(" ")
  begin
    system stream_command
    return open(tempfile) { |io|
      if imap.size == 1
        CArray.new(data_type, [height, width]).load_binary(io)
      else
        CArray.new(data_type, [height, width, imap.size]).load_binary(io)
      end
    }
  rescue
    raise "ImageMagick's stream command failed to read image file '#{filename}'"
  ensure
    if File.exist?(tempfile)
      File.unlink(tempfile)
    end
  end
end

.load_csv(file, option = {}, rs: $/, sep: ",", &block) ⇒ Object 



521
522
523
524
525
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/csv.rb', line 521

def self.load_csv (file, option={}, rs: $/, sep: ",", &block)
  option = {:sep=>sep, :rs=>rs}.update(option)
  reader = CA::CSVReader.new(option[:sep], option[:rs], &block)
  return reader.read_file(file)
end

.load_from_file(filename, data_type, dim, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

depleted methods



255
256
257
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 255

def self.load_from_file (filename, data_type, dim, opt={}) # :nodoc:
  raise "Sorry, CArray.load_from_file is depleted"
end

.load_pg(expr, *args) ⇒ Object 



6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/pg.rb', line 6

def self.load_pg (expr, *args)
  case expr
  when Hash
    opts = expr
    sql, *vars = *args
    db = PG.connect(opts)
    begin
      result = db.async_exec(sql, *vars)
      names = result.fields
      table = result.values
    rescue Interrupt
      db.cancel
      raise 
    ensure
      db.finish       
    end
  when PG::Result
    result = expr
    names = result.fields
    table = result.values
  when PG::Connection
    db = expr
    sql, *vars = *args
    begin
      result = db.async_exec(sql, *vars)
      names = result.fields
      table = result.values
    rescue Interrupt
      db.cancel
      raise
    end
  else
    raise "invalid 1st arg"
  end
  table = table.to_ca
  table.instance_exec { 
    @result = result
    @names  = names
  }
  class << table
    attr_reader :names, :result
    def column (name)
      if self.size == 0
        if name.is_a?(Integer)
          return CA_OBJECT([])
        elsif @names
          if i = @names.index(name.to_s)
            return CA_OBJECT([])
          end
        end
        return nil          
      else
        if name.is_a?(Integer)
          return self[false, name]
        elsif @names
          if i = @names.index(name.to_s)
            return self[false, i]
          end
        end
        return nil
      end
    end
  end
  return table
end

.load_sqlite3(expr, *args) ⇒ Object 



7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/sqlite3.rb', line 7

def self.load_sqlite3 (expr, *args)
  case expr
  when String
    file = expr
    sql, *vars = *args
    db = SQLite3::Database.new(file)
    names, *table = db.execute2(sql, *vars)
    db.close
  when SQLite3::Database
    db = expr
    sql, *vars = *args
    names, *table = db.execute2(sql, *vars)
  when SQLite3::Statement
    stmt = expr
    vars = args
    names = stmt.columns
    table = stmt.execute!(*vars)
  else
    raise "invalid 1st arg"
  end
  table = table.to_ca
  table.extend(CA::TableMethods)
  table.column_names = names
  return table
end

.merge(data_type, list, at = -1)) ⇒ Object 



942
943
944
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 942

def self.merge (data_type, list, at = -1)
  return CArray.composite(data_type, [list.size], list, at)
end

.pack(*argv) ⇒ Object 



98
99
100
 
# File 'lib/carray/object/ca_obj_pack.rb', line 98

def self.pack (*argv)
  return CAPack.new(argv)
end

.pickup(data_type, ref, args) ⇒ Object

ref = CA_INT([,[1,2,0],])

a = CArray.int(3,3).seq(1)
b = CArray.int(3,3).seq(11)
c = CArray.int(3,3).seq(21)

CArray.pickup(CA_OBJECT, ref, [a,b,c])
=> <CArray.object(3,3): elem=9 mem=72b
[ [ 1, 12, 23 ],
  [ 14, 25, 6 ],
  [ 27, 8, 19 ] ]>

CArray.pickup(CA_OBJECT, ref, ["a","b","c"])
=> <CArray.object(3,3): elem=9 mem=36b
[ [ "a", "b", "c" ],
  [ "b", "c", "a" ],
  [ "c", "a", "b" ] ]>



820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 820

def self.pickup (data_type, ref, args)
  out = ref.template(data_type)
  args.each_with_index do |v, i|
    s = ref.eq(i)
    case v
    when CArray
      out[s] = v[s]
    else
      out[s] = v
    end
  end
  return out
end

.save(ca, output, opt = {}) ⇒ Object 



168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 168

def self.save(ca, output, opt={})
  case output
  when String
    open(output, "wb:ASCII-8BIT") { |io|
      return Serializer.new(io).save(ca, opt)
    }
  else
    return Serializer.new(output).save(ca, opt) 
  end
end

.span(*argv) ⇒ Object

CArray.span(data_type, range[, step]) CArray.span(range[, step]) -> data_type guessed by range.first type



618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 618

def self.span (*argv)
  if argv.first.is_a?(Range)
    type = nil
  else
    type, = *CArray.guess_type_and_bytes(argv.shift, nil)
  end
  range, step = argv[0], argv[1]
  start, stop = range.begin, range.end
  if step == 0
    raise "step should not be 0"
  end
  if not type
    case start
    when Integer
      type = CA_INT32
    when Float
      type = CA_FLOAT64
    else
      type = CA_OBJECT
    end
  end
  if type == CA_OBJECT and not step
    return CA_OBJECT(range.to_a)
  else
    step ||= 1
    if range.exclude_end?
      n = ((stop - start).abs/step).floor
    else
      n = ((stop - start).abs/step).floor + 1
    end
    if start <= stop
      return CArray.new(type, [n]).seq(start, step)
    else
      return CArray.new(type, [n]).seq(start, -step.abs)
    end
  end
end

.summation(*dim) ⇒ Object 



378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 378

def self.summation (*dim)
  out = nil
  first = true
  CArray.each_index(*dim) { |*idx|
    if first
      out = yield(*idx)
      first = false
    else  
      out += yield(*idx)
    end
  }
  return out
end

Instance Method Details

#<=>(other) ⇒ Object Also known as: cmp

comparison operators



83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 83

def <=> (other)
  lower = self < other
  upper = self > other
  out = CArray.new(CA_INT8, lower.dim)
  out[lower] = -1
  out[upper] = 1
  return out
end

#address ⇒ Object

index / indices / axes



687
688
689
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 687

def address ()
  return CArray.int32(*dim).seq!
end

#anomaly(*argv) ⇒ Object Also known as: anom 



227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 227

def anomaly (*argv)
  opt = argv.last.is_a?(Hash) ? argv.pop : {}
  idxs = Array.new(self.rank) { |i| argv.include?(i) ? :* : nil }
  if mn = opt[:mean]
    return self - mn[*idxs]
  else
    return self - self.mean(*argv)[*idxs]
  end
end

#asign(*idx) ⇒ Object 



199
200
201
202
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 199

def asign (*idx)
  self[*idx] = yield
  return self
end

#attribute ⇒ Object 



182
183
184
185
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 182

def attribute
  @attribute ||= {}
  return @attribute
end

#attribute=(obj) ⇒ Object 



175
176
177
178
179
180
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 175

def attribute= (obj)
  unless obj.is_a?(Hash)
    raise "attribute should be a hash object"
  end
  @attribute = obj
end

#bin(val, include_upper, include_lowest, offset = 0) ⇒ Object 



120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
 
# File 'lib/carray/math/histogram.rb', line 120

def bin (val, include_upper, include_lowest, offset=0)

  scales = CArray.wrap_readonly(self, CA_DOUBLE)
  
  x = scales.section(val)
#    x.inherit_mask(val)
  unless x.is_a?(CArray)
    x = CA_DOUBLE(x)
  end

  if include_upper
    if include_lowest
      x[:eq, 0] = 0.5
    end
    xi = x.ceil.int32 - 1
  else
    xi = x.floor.int32 
  end

  case offset
  when 0
    xi[:gt, elements-1] = elements - 1
    xi[:lt, 0] = UNDEF
  when 1
    xi.add!(1)
    xi[:gt, elements] = elements
    xi[:lt, 1] = 0
  else
    raise "invalid offset value"
  end

  return xi
end

#block_iterator(*argv) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



9
10
11
12
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 9

def block_iterator (*argv)           # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#block_iterator will be obsolete, use CArray#blocks"
  return blocks(*argv)
end

#by(other) ⇒ Object 



392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 392

def by (other)
  case other
  when CArray
    return (self[nil][nil,:*]*other[nil][:*,nil]).reshape(*(dim+other.dim))
  else
    return self * other
  end
end

#classes(classifier = nil, &block) ⇒ Object 



306
307
308
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/iterator.rb', line 306

def classes (classifier=nil, &block)
  return CAClassIterator.new(self, classifier).__build__(&block)
end

#classify(klass, outlier = nil) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 53

def classify (klass, outlier = nil)  # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#classify will be obsolete"
  b = CArray.int32(*dim)
  f = CArray.boolean(*dim) { 1 }
  attach {
    (klass.elements-1).times do |i|
      r = f.and(self < klass[i+1])
      b[r] = i
      f[r] = 0
    end
    if outlier
      b[self < klass[0]] = outlier
      b[f] = outlier
    else
      b[self < klass[0]] = -1
      b[f] = klass.elements-1
    end
  }
  return b
end

#code ⇒ Object 



238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/inspect.rb', line 238

def code 
  text = [
    desc,
    " { ",
    self.to_a.pretty_inspect.split("\n").map{|s|
      " " * (desc.length+3) + s
    }.join("\n").lstrip,
    " }"
  ].join
  return text
end

#compact ⇒ Object

Returns the array which rank is reduced by eliminating the dimensions which size == 1



383
384
385
386
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 383

def compact
  newdim = dim.reject{|x| x == 1 }
  return ( rank != newdim.size ) ? reshape(*newdim).to_ca : self.to_ca
end

#compacted ⇒ Object

Reutrns the reference which rank is reduced by eliminating the dimensions which size == 1



376
377
378
379
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 376

def compacted
  newdim = dim.reject{|x| x == 1 }
  return ( rank != newdim.size ) ? reshape(*newdim) : self[]
end

#correlation(y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil) ⇒ Object 



354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 354

def correlation (y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil)
  x = self.double
  y = y.double
  if x.has_mask? or y.has_mask?
    x.inherit_mask(y)
    y.inherit_mask(x)
    xm = x.mean(:min_count=>min_count)
    ym = y.mean(:min_count=>min_count)
    if ( xm.undef? or ym.undef? )
      return fill_value || UNDEF
    else
      xd, yd = x-xm, y-ym
      return xd.wsum(yd)/(xd.wsum(xd)*yd.wsum(yd)).sqrt
    end
  else
    xd, yd = x-x.mean, y-y.mean
    return xd.wsum(yd)/(xd.wsum(xd)*yd.wsum(yd)).sqrt
  end
end

#count_masked(*argv) ⇒ Object

Returns the number of masked elements.



210
211
212
213
214
215
216
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 210

def count_masked (*argv)
  if has_mask?
    return mask.int32.accumulate(*argv)
  else
    return 0
  end
end

#count_not_masked(*argv) ⇒ Object

Returns the number of not-masked elements.



221
222
223
224
225
226
227
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 221

def count_not_masked (*argv)
  if has_mask?
    return mask.not.int32.accumulate(*argv)
  else
    return elements
  end
end

#covariance(y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil) ⇒ Object 



335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 335

def covariance (y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil)
  x = self.double
  y = y.double
  if x.has_mask? or y.has_mask?
    x.inherit_mask(y)
    y.inherit_mask(x)
    count = x.count_not_masked
    xm = x.mean(:min_count=>min_count)
    ym = y.mean(:min_count=>min_count)
    if ( xm.undef? or ym.undef? )
      return fill_value || UNDEF
    else
      return (x-xm).wsum(y-ym)/(count-1)
    end
  else
    return (x-x.mean).wsum(y-y.mean)/(elements-1)
  end
end

#covariancep(y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil) ⇒ Object 



316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 316

def covariancep (y, min_count = nil, fill_value = nil)
  x = self.double
  y = y.double
  if x.has_mask? or y.has_mask?
    x.inherit_mask(y)
    y.inherit_mask(x)
    count = x.count_not_masked
    xm = x.mean(:min_count => min_count)
    ym = y.mean(:min_count => min_count)
    if ( xm.undef? or ym.undef? )
      return fill_value || UNDEF
    else
      return (x-xm).wsum(y-ym)/count
    end
  else
    return (x-x.mean).wsum(y-y.mean)/elements
  end
end

#deg_180 ⇒ Object 



78
79
80
81
82
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 78

static VALUE 
rb_ca_deg_180 (VALUE self)
{
  return ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_deg_180, self);
}

#deg_180! ⇒ Object 



84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 84

static VALUE 
rb_ca_deg_180_bang (VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE out;
  out = ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_deg_180, self);
  rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("[]="), 1, out);
  return self;
}

#deg_360 ⇒ Object 



36
37
38
39
40
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 36

static VALUE 
rb_ca_deg_360 (VALUE self)
{
  return ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_deg_360, self);
}

#deg_360! ⇒ Object 



42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 42

static VALUE 
rb_ca_deg_360_bang (VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE out;
  out = ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_deg_360, self);
  rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("[]="), 1, out);
  return self;
}

#delete_block(offset, bsize) ⇒ Object 



500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 500

def delete_block (offset, bsize)
  if offset.size != rank or
    bsize.size != rank
    raise "rank mismatch"
  end
  newdim = dim
  grids  = []
  rank.times do |i|
    if offset[i] < 0
      offset[i] += dim[i]
    end
    if bsize[i] >= 0
      if offset[i] < 0 or offset[i] >= dim[i]
        raise "invalid offset or size"
      end
      newdim[i] -= bsize[i]
    else
      if offset[i] + bsize[i] + 1 < 0 or offset[i] + bsize[i] > dim[i]
        raise "invalid offset or size"
      end
      newdim[i] += bsize[i]
    end
    grids[i] = CArray.int32(newdim[i])
    if bsize[i] >= 0
      if offset[i] > 0
        grids[i][0...offset[i]].seq!
      end
      if offset[i] + bsize[i] < dim[i]
        grids[i][offset[i]..-1].seq!(offset[i]+bsize[i])
      end
    else
      if offset[i]+bsize[i] > 0
        grids[i][0..offset[i]+bsize[i]].seq!
      end
      if offset[i]+bsize[i]+1 < dim[i]-1
        grids[i][offset[i]+bsize[i]+1..-1].seq!(offset[i]+1)
      end
    end
  end
  return self[*grids].to_ca
end

#differentiate ⇒ Object 



707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
 
# File 'ext/calculus/carray_calculus.c', line 707

static VALUE
rb_ca_differentiate (volatile VALUE self,
                     volatile VALUE vsc, volatile VALUE vx)
{
  volatile VALUE rval = self;
  volatile VALUE out0, out;
  CArray *ca, *cv, *sc, *cx, *co0, *co;
  double *px, *po;
  ca_size_t i;

  Data_Get_Struct(self, CArray, ca);

  cv = ca_wrap_readonly(rval, CA_DOUBLE);
  sc = ca_wrap_readonly(vsc,  CA_DOUBLE);

  if ( ca_is_any_masked(cv) || ca_is_any_masked(sc) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
             "can't calculate differentiation when masked elements exist");
  }

  if ( cv->elements != sc->elements ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "data num mismatch with scale");
  }

  cx = ca_wrap_readonly(vx,   CA_DOUBLE);

  co0 = carray_new(ca->data_type, cx->rank, cx->dim, 0, NULL);
  out = out0 = ca_wrap_struct(co0);
  co = ca_wrap_writable(out, CA_DOUBLE);

  ca_attach_n(4, cv, sc, cx, co);

  px = (double*) cx->ptr;
  po = (double*) co->ptr;

  ca_update_mask(cx);
  if ( cx->mask ) {
    boolean8_t *mx, *mo;
    ca_create_mask(co);
    mx = (boolean8_t *) cx->mask->ptr;
    mo = (boolean8_t *) co->mask->ptr;
    for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
      if ( ! *mx ) {
        *po = differentiate((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)ca->ptr, 
                            ca->elements, *px);
      }
      else {
        *mo = 1;
      }
      mx++; mo++; px++, po++;
    }
  }
  else {
    for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
      *po = differentiate((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)ca->ptr, 
                          ca->elements, *px);
      px++, po++;
    }
  }

  ca_sync(co);
  ca_detach_n(4, cv, sc, cx, co);

  if ( rb_ca_is_scalar(vx) ) {
    return rb_funcall(out0, rb_intern("[]"), 1, INT2NUM(0));
  }
  else {
    return out0;
  }
}

#display_by_magick(image_type = nil, options = "") ⇒ Object 



202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/imagemagick.rb', line 202

def display_by_magick (image_type = nil, options = "")
  unless image_type
    image_type = magick_guess_image_type()
  end
  unless image_type
    raise "please specify image_type"
  end
  quantum_format = self.float? ? "-define quantum:format=floating-point" : ""
  depth = fixlen? ? "-depth 8" : "-depth #{8*bytes}"
  display_command = [
                     "display",
                     depth,
                     "-size " + [dim1, dim0].join("x"),
                     quantum_format,
                     options,
                     "#{image_type}:-",
                    ].join(" ")
  begin                  
    IO.popen(display_command, "w") { |io|
      if bytes > 1 and CArray.endian == CA_LITTLE_ENDIAN
        swap_bytes.dump_binary(io)
      else
        self.dump_binary(io)
      end
    }
  rescue
    raise "ImageMagick's display command failed to display image"
  end
end

#duplicated_values ⇒ Object

Returns the array eliminated all the duplicated elements.



593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 593

def duplicated_values
  if uniq.size == size
    return []
  else
    hash = {}
    list = []
    each_with_addr do |v, addr|
      if v == UNDEF
        next
      elsif hash[v]
        list << [v, addr, hash[v]]
        hash[v] += 1
      else
        hash[v] = 0
      end
    end
    return list
  end
end

#escape_bytea(db) ⇒ Object 



96
97
98
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/pg.rb', line 96

def escape_bytea (db)
  return db.escape_bytea(self.to_s)
end

#extend_as_table(column_names) ⇒ Object 



72
73
74
75
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/table.rb', line 72

def extend_as_table (column_names)
  self.extend CA::TableMethods
  self.column_names = column_names
end

#fa ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



4
5
6
7
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 4

def fa                               # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#fa will be obsolete, use CArray#t"
  return self.t
end

#false ⇒ Object

Returns the 8-bit integer CArray object filled with 0 which dimension size is same as self. The resulted array represents the logical array which has false for its all elements.



725
726
727
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 725

def false ()
  return template(:boolean)
end

#first ⇒ Object 



187
188
189
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 187

def first
  self[0]
end

#flatten ⇒ Object 



318
319
320
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 318

def flatten
  return reshape(elements).to_ca
end

#flattened ⇒ Object

flatten



314
315
316
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 314

def flattened
  return reshape(elements)
end

#from_bit_string(bstr, nb) ⇒ Object 



778
779
780
781
782
783
784
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 778

def from_bit_string (bstr, nb)
  hex = CArray.uint8(bstr.length).load_binary(bstr)
  hex.bits[] = hex.bits[nil,[-1..0]]
  bits = hex.bits.flatten
  self.bits[false,[(nb-1)..0]][nil].paste([0], bits)
  return self
end

#has_attribute? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


167
168
169
170
171
172
173
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 167

def has_attribute?
  if ( not @attribute ) or @attribute.empty?
    return false
  else
    return true
  end
end

#imag ⇒ Object

Return the imaginary part of self. If self is a complex array, the resulted array is CAMember object refers the appropriate part of self. In this case, you change the resulted array, the original array is also changed.

Otherwise, the resulted array is a dummy CArray object filled with 0. In this case, the change in the resulted array does not affect the original array. For this purpose, you should explicitly convert the array to complex array.



55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 55

def imag
  if not @__imag__
    if complex?
      @__imag__ = case data_type
                  when CA_CMPLX64
                    field(4, CA_FLOAT32)
                  when CA_CMPLX128
                    field(8, CA_FLOAT64)
                  when CA_CMPLX128
                    field(16, CA_FLOAT128)
                  end
    else
      @__imag__ = self.template { 0 }
    end
  end
  return @__imag__
end

#imag=(val) ⇒ Object 



73
74
75
76
77
78
79
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 73

def imag= (val)
  if complex?
    imag[] = val
  else
    raise "not a complex array"
  end
end

#index(n) ⇒ Object 



691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 691

def index (n)
  unless n.is_a?(Integer)
    raise ArgumentError, "argument should be an integer"
  end
  if n.between?(0, rank-1)
    return CArray.int32(dim[n]).seq!
  else
    raise ArgumentError,
          "invalid dimension specifier #{n} (0..#{self.rank-1})"
  end
end

#indices ⇒ Object 



707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 707

def indices
  list = Array.new(rank) {|i|
    rpt = self.dim
    rpt[i] = :%
    index(i)[*rpt]
  }
  if block_given?
    return yield(*list)
  else
    return list
  end
end

#insert_block(offset, bsize, &block) ⇒ Object

insert



470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 470

def insert_block (offset, bsize, &block)
  if offset.size != rank or
      bsize.size != rank
    raise "rank mismatch"
  end
  newdim = dim
  grids = dim.map{|d| CArray.int32(d) }
  rank.times do |i|
    if offset[i] < 0
      offset[i] += dim[i]
    end
    if offset[i] < 0 or offset[i] >= dim[i] or bsize[i] < 0
      raise "invalid offset or size"
    end
    if bsize[i] > 0
      newdim[i] += bsize[i]
    end
    grids[i][0...offset[i]].seq!
    grids[i][offset[i]..-1].seq!(offset[i]+bsize[i])
  end
  out = CArray.new(data_type, newdim)
  if block_given?
    sel = out.true
    sel[*grids] = 0
    out[sel] = block.call
  end
  out[*grids] = self
  return out
end

#inspect ⇒ Object 



217
218
219
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/inspect.rb', line 217

def inspect
  return CArray::Inspector.new(self).inspect_string
end

#integrate ⇒ Object 



73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
 
# File 'ext/calculus/carray_calculus.c', line 73

static VALUE
rb_ca_integrate (volatile VALUE self, volatile VALUE vsc)
{
  CArray *sc, *ca;
  double ans;

  ca = ca_wrap_readonly(self, CA_DOUBLE);
  sc = ca_wrap_readonly(vsc, CA_DOUBLE);

  if ( ca->elements != sc->elements ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "data num mismatch");
  }

  if ( ca_is_any_masked(ca) || ca_is_any_masked(sc) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
             "can't calculate integrattion when masked elements exist");
  }

  ca_attach_n(2, ca, sc);

  ans = simpson((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)ca->ptr, ca->elements);

  ca_detach_n(2, ca, sc);

  return rb_float_new(ans);
}

#interp_nd_linear ⇒ Object 



234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
 
# File 'ext/calculus/carray_interp.c', line 234

static VALUE
rb_ca_interpolate_bilinear (int argc, VALUE *argv, volatile VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE vscales, vvalues, vs, out;
  CArray *ca, *co, *cs;
  double *scales[CA_RANK_MAX];
  CArray *values[CA_RANK_MAX];
  CArray *scales_ca[CA_RANK_MAX];
  int8_t out_rank;
  ca_size_t out_dim[CA_RANK_MAX];
  int i;

  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2", &vscales, &vvalues);

  Check_Type(vscales, T_ARRAY);
  Check_Type(vvalues, T_ARRAY);

  if ( RARRAY_LEN(vscales) != RARRAY_LEN(vvalues) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid number of values or scales");
  }

  ca = ca_wrap_readonly(self, CA_DOUBLE);

  if ( ca->rank != RARRAY_LEN(vvalues) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid number of values");
  }

  for (i=0; i<ca->rank; i++) {
    vs = rb_ary_entry(vscales, i);
    if ( NIL_P(vs) ) {
      scales[i] = NULL;
    }
    else {
      cs = ca_wrap_readonly(vs, CA_DOUBLE);
      scales_ca[i] = cs;
      ca_attach(cs);
      scales[i] = (double *) cs->ptr;
      rb_ary_store(vscales, i, vs);
    }
  }

  out_rank = 0;
  for (i=0; i<ca->rank; i++) {
    vs = rb_ary_entry(vvalues, i);
    if ( NIL_P(vs) ) {
      out_dim[out_rank++] = ca->dim[i];
      values[i] = NULL;
    }
    else {
      values[i] = ca_wrap_readonly(vs, CA_DOUBLE);
      if ( values[i]->obj_type != CA_OBJ_SCALAR ) {
        out_dim[out_rank++] = values[i]->elements;
      }
      rb_ary_store(vvalues, i, vs);
    }
  }

  if ( out_rank == 0 ) {
    out = rb_cscalar_new(CA_DOUBLE, 0, NULL);
  }
  else {
    out = rb_carray_new(CA_DOUBLE, out_rank, out_dim, 0, NULL);
  }

  Data_Get_Struct(out, CArray, co);

  for (i=0; i<ca->rank; i++) {
    if ( values[i] ) {
      ca_attach(values[i]);
    }
  }

  ca_attach(ca);
  ca_interpolate(ca, scales, values, (double*) co->ptr);
  ca_detach(ca);

  for (i=0; i<ca->rank; i++) {
    if ( values[i] ) {
      ca_detach(values[i]);
    }
    if ( scales[i] ) {
      ca_detach(scales_ca[i]);
    }
  }

  if ( out_rank == 0 ) {
    return rb_ca_fetch_addr(out, 0);
  }
  else {
    return out;
  }
}

#interpolate ⇒ Object 



594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
 
# File 'ext/calculus/carray_calculus.c', line 594

static VALUE
rb_ca_interpolate (int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE rval = self;
  volatile VALUE vsc, vx, ropt, rtype = Qnil, out0, out;
  CArray *ca, *sc, *cv, *cx, *co0, *co;
  char *typename = NULL;
  int type = 0;
  double *px, *po;
  ca_size_t i;

  Data_Get_Struct(self, CArray, ca);

  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &vsc, &vx, &ropt);
  rb_scan_options(ropt, "type", &rtype);

  if ( ! NIL_P(rtype) ) {
    Check_Type(rtype, T_STRING);
    typename = StringValuePtr(rtype);
  }

  if ( typename == NULL || ! strncmp("cubic", typename, 5) ) {
    type = 3;
  }
  else if ( ! strncmp("linear", typename, 6) ) {
    type = 1;
  }
  else {
    volatile VALUE inspect = rb_inspect(rtype);
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, 
             "invalid interpolation type <%s>", StringValuePtr(inspect));
  }

  cv = ca_wrap_readonly(rval, CA_DOUBLE);
  sc = ca_wrap_readonly(vsc,  CA_DOUBLE);

  if ( ca_is_any_masked(cv) || ca_is_any_masked(sc) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
             "can't calculate interpolation when masked elements exist");
  }

  if ( cv->elements != sc->elements ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "data num mismatch with scale");
  }

  cx = ca_wrap_readonly(vx,   CA_DOUBLE);

  co0 = carray_new(ca->data_type, cx->rank, cx->dim, 0, NULL);
  out = out0 = ca_wrap_struct(co0);
  co = ca_wrap_writable(out, CA_DOUBLE);

  ca_attach_n(4, cv, sc, cx, co);

  px = (double*) cx->ptr;
  po = (double*) co->ptr;

  ca_update_mask(cx);
  if ( cx->mask ) {
    boolean8_t *mx, *mo;
    ca_create_mask(co);
    mx = (boolean8_t *) cx->mask->ptr;
    mo = (boolean8_t *) co->mask->ptr;
    if ( type == 3 ) {
      for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
        if ( ! *mx ) {
          *po = interpolate_cubic((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)cv->ptr, 
                                  cv->elements, *px);
        }
        else {
          *mo = 1;
        }
        mx++; mo++; po++; px++;
      }
    }
    else {
      for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
        if ( ! *mx ) {
          *po = interpolate_linear((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)cv->ptr, 
                                   cv->elements, *px);
        }
        else {
          *mo = 1;
        }
        mx++; mo++; po++; px++;
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    if ( type == 3 ) {
      for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
        *po++ = interpolate_cubic((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)cv->ptr, 
                                  cv->elements, *px++);
      }
    }
    else {
      for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
        *po++ = interpolate_linear((double*)sc->ptr, (double*)cv->ptr, 
                                   cv->elements, *px++);
      }
    }
  }

  ca_sync(co);
  ca_detach_n(4, cv, sc, cx, co);

  if ( rb_ca_is_scalar(vx) ) {
    return rb_funcall(out0, rb_intern("[]"), 1, INT2NUM(0));
  }
  else {
    return out0;
  }
}

#interpolate2(x, y, x0, y0) ⇒ Object 



103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
 
# File 'ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb', line 103

def interpolate2 (x, y, x0, y0)
  if x0.is_a?(Numeric) and y0.is_a?(Numeric)
    return _interpolate2(x, y, x0, y0)
  else
    x0 = CArray.wrap_readonly(x0)
    y0 = CArray.wrap_readonly(y0)
    out = CArray.double(x0.size, y0.size)
    x0.each_with_index do |xi, i|
      y0.each_with_index do |yj, j|
        out[i,j] = _interpolate2(x, y, xi, yj)
      end
    end
    return out.compact
  end
end

#is_close(other, atol) ⇒ Object 



100
101
102
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 100

def is_close (other, atol)
  return ((self - other).abs <= atol)
end

#is_divisible(n) ⇒ Object 



104
105
106
107
108
109
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 104

def is_divisible (n)
  unless integer?
    raise "data type of reciever of CArray#divisible? should be integer."
  end
  return (self % n).eq(0)
end

#is_equiv(other, rtol) ⇒ Object 



94
95
96
97
98
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 94

def is_equiv (other, rtol)
  exact_eq    = self.eq(other)
  relative_eq = ((self - other).abs/CAMath.max(self.abs, other.abs) <= rtol)
  return (exact_eq).or(relative_eq)
end

#is_not_divisible(n) ⇒ Object 



111
112
113
114
115
116
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 111

def is_not_divisible (n)
  unless integer?
    raise "data type of reciever of CArray#divisible? should be integer."
  end
  return (self % n).ne(0)
end

#is_real ⇒ Object 



128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 128

def is_real
  if complex?
    imag.eq(0)
  elsif numeric?
    self.true
  else
    nil
  end
end

#join(*argv) ⇒ Object

Array#join like method

> a = CArray.object(3,3).seq(“a”,:succ)

> <CArray.object(3,3): elem=9 mem=72b

[ [ “a”, “b”, “c” ],

[ "d", "e", "f" ],
[ "g", "h", "i" ] ]>

> a.join(“n”,“,”)

> “a,b,cnd,e,fng,h,i”



755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 755

def join (*argv)
  case argv.size
  when 0
    return to_a.join()
  when 1
    sep = argv.shift
    return to_a.join(sep)
  else
    sep = argv.shift
    return self[:i, false].map { |s|
        s[0, false].join(*argv)
    }.join(sep)
  end
end

#last ⇒ Object 



191
192
193
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 191

def last
  self[-1]
end

#map(&block) ⇒ Object

Returns map



739
740
741
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 739

def map (&block)
  return self.convert(CA_OBJECT, &block).to_a
end

#marshal_dump ⇒ Object

for Marshal



203
204
205
206
207
208
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 203

def marshal_dump ()
  if self.class != CArray and self.class != CScalar
    raise TypeError, "can't dump a virtual or wrapped array."
  end
  return CArray.dump(self)
end

#marshal_load(data) ⇒ Object 



210
211
212
213
214
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 210

def marshal_load (data)
  io = StringIO.new(data)
  ca = CArray.load(io)
  initialize_copy(ca)
end

#maskout(*argv) ⇒ Object 



244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 244

def maskout (*argv)
  obj = self.to_ca
  if argv.size == 1
    val = argv.first
    case val
    when CArray, Symbol
      obj[val] = UNDEF
    else
      obj[:eq, val] = UNDEF
    end
  else
    obj[*argv] = UNDEF      
  end
  return obj
end

#maskout!(*argv) ⇒ Object 



229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 229

def maskout! (*argv)
  if argv.size == 1
    val = argv.first
    case val
    when CArray, Symbol
      self[val] = UNDEF
    else
      self[:eq, val] = UNDEF
    end
  else
    self[*argv] = UNDEF          
  end
  return self
end

#matchup(ref) ⇒ Object

matchup



262
263
264
265
266
267
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 262

def matchup (ref)
  ri = ref.sort_addr
  rs = ref[ri].to_ca
  si = rs.bsearch(self)
  return ri.project(si)
end

#matchup_nearest(ref) ⇒ Object 



269
270
271
272
273
274
275
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 269

def matchup_nearest (ref)
  ri = ref.sort_addr
  rs = ref[ri].to_ca
  si = rs.section(self).round.int32
  si.trim!(0,si.size)
  return ri[si].to_ca
end

#max_by(&block) ⇒ Object 



406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 406

def max_by (&block)
  if empty?
    return UNDEF
  else
    addr = convert(:object, &block).max_addr
    return self[addr]
  end
end

#median(*argv) ⇒ Object 



239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 239

def median (*argv)
  opt = argv.last.is_a?(Hash) ? argv.pop : {}
  min_count  = opt[:mask_limit]
  if min_count and min_count < 0
    min_count += elements
  end
  fill_value = opt[:fill_value]
  if argv.empty?
    if has_mask?
      if min_count and count_masked() > min_count
        return fill_value || UNDEF
      end
      c = self[:is_not_masked].sort
      n = self.count_not_masked
    else
      c = self.sort
      n = c.elements
    end
    if n == 0
      return fill_value || UNDEF
    else
      return (c[(n-1)/2] + c[n/2])/2.0
    end
  else
    raise "CArray#median is not implemented for multiple ranks"
  end

end

#min_by(&block) ⇒ Object 



415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 415

def min_by (&block)
  if empty?
    return UNDEF
  else
    addr = convert(:object, &block).min_addr
    return self[addr]
  end
end

#na ⇒ Object

rdoc:

class CArray
  def na
  end
  def nv
  end
  def nm
  end
end



188
189
190
191
192
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 188

static VALUE
rb_cary_na_ref_new (int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_na_ref_new_i(argc, argv, self, cNArray);
}

#nm ⇒ Object

CArray -> NMatrix



200
201
202
203
204
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 200

static VALUE
rb_cary_nm_ref_new (int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_na_ref_new_i(argc, argv, self, cNMatrix);
}

#normalize(scale = nil) ⇒ Object 



15
16
17
18
19
20
21
 
# File 'ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb', line 15

def normalize (scale = nil)
  if scale
    return self / self.integrate(scale)
  else
    return self / self.sum
  end
end

#normalize!(scale = nil) ⇒ Object 



23
24
25
26
 
# File 'ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb', line 23

def normalize! (scale = nil)
  self[] = normalize(scale)
  return self
end

#nv ⇒ Object

CArray -> NVector



194
195
196
197
198
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 194

static VALUE
rb_cary_nv_ref_new (int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_na_ref_new_i(argc, argv, self, cNVector);
}

#order(dir = 1) ⇒ Object 



553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 553

def order (dir = 1)
  if dir >= 0   ### ascending order
    if has_mask?
      obj = template(:int32) { UNDEF }
      sel = is_not_masked
      obj[sel][self[sel].sort_addr].seq!
      return obj
    else
      obj = template(:int32)
      obj[sort_addr].seq!
      return obj
    end
  else           ### descending order
    if has_mask?
      obj = template(:int32) { UNDEF}
      sel = is_not_masked
      obj[sel][self[sel].sort_addr.reversed].seq!
      return obj
    else  
      obj = template(:int32)
      obj[sort_addr.reversed].seq!
      return obj
    end
  end
end

#percentile(*argv) ⇒ Object 



268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 268

def percentile (*argv)
  opt = argv.last.is_a?(Hash) ? argv.pop : {}
  pers = argv
  min_count  = opt[:mask_limit]
  if min_count and min_count < 0
    min_count += elements
  end
  fill_value = opt[:fill_value]
  if has_mask?
    if min_count and count_masked() > min_count
      return argv.map { fill_value || UNDEF }
    end
    ca = self[:is_not_masked].sort
    n  = self.count_not_masked
  else
    ca = self.sort
    n  = ca.elements
  end
  out = []
  begin
  pers.each do |per|
    if per == 100
      out << ca[n-1]
    elsif per >= 0 and per < 100
      if n > 1
        f = (n-1)*per/100.0
        k = f.floor
        r = f - k
        out << (1-r)*ca[k] + r*ca[k+1]
      else
        out << ca[0]
      end
    else
      out << CA_NAN
    end
  end
rescue
  p self[:is_not_masked]
  p n
  raise
end
  return out
end

#pull(*args) ⇒ Object 



329
330
331
332
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 329

def pull (*args)
  idx = args.map{|s| s.nil? ? :% : s}
  return self[*idx].to_ca
end

#pulled(*args) ⇒ Object

pulled



324
325
326
327
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 324

def pulled (*args)
  idx = args.map{|s| s.nil? ? :% : s}
  return self[*idx]
end

#quantile ⇒ Object 



312
313
314
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 312

def quantile 
  return percentile(0, 25, 50, 75, 100)
end

#quo(other) ⇒ Object 



148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 148

def quo (other)
  case 
  when integer?
    return double/other
  when object?
    return quo_i(other)
  else
    return self/other
  end
end

#rad_2pi ⇒ Object 



116
117
118
119
120
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 116

static VALUE 
rb_ca_rad_2pi (VALUE self)
{
  return ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_rad_2pi, self);
}

#rad_2pi! ⇒ Object 



122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 122

static VALUE 
rb_ca_rad_2pi_bang (VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE out;
  out = ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_rad_2pi, self);
  rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("[]="), 1, out);
  return self;
}

#rad_pi ⇒ Object 



158
159
160
161
162
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 158

static VALUE 
rb_ca_rad_pi (VALUE self)
{
  return ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_rad_pi, self);
}

#rad_pi! ⇒ Object 



164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
 
# File 'ext/mathfunc/carray_mathfunc.c', line 164

static VALUE 
rb_ca_rad_pi_bang (VALUE self)
{
  volatile VALUE out;
  out = ca_call_cfunc_1_1(CA_DOUBLE, CA_DOUBLE, mathfunc_rad_pi, self);
  rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("[]="), 1, out);
  return self;
}

#random(*argv) ⇒ Object

statistics



200
201
202
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 200

def random (*argv)
  return template.random!(*argv)
end

#randomn ⇒ Object 



223
224
225
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 223

def randomn
  return template.randomn!
end

#randomn! ⇒ Object 



204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 204

def randomn!
  if elements == 1
    self[0] = CArray.new(data_type,[2]).randomn![0]
    return self
  end
  x1 = CArray.new(data_type, [elements/2])
  x2 = CArray.new(data_type, [elements/2])
  fac = x1.random!.log!.mul!(-2.0).sqrt!    ### fac = sqrt(-2*log(rnd()))
  x2.random!.mul!(2.0*Math::PI)             ### x2  = 2*PI*rnd()
  x3 = x2.to_ca
  self2 = reshape(2,elements/2)
  self2[0,nil] = x2.cos!.mul!(fac)          ### self[even] = fac*cos(x2)
  self2[1,nil] = x3.sin!.mul!(fac)          ### self[odd]  = fac*sin(x2)
  if elements % 2 == 1
    self[[-1]].randomn!
  end
  return self
end

#range ⇒ Object 



195
196
197
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 195

def range
  return (self.min)..(self.max)
end

#real ⇒ Object

Return the real part of self. If self is a complex array, the resulted array is CAMember object refers the appropriate part of self. Otherwise, the resulted array is CARefer object refers self. If you change the resulted array, the original array is also changed.



23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 23

def real
  if not @__real__
    if complex?
      @__real__ = case data_type
                  when CA_CMPLX64
                    field(0, CA_FLOAT32)
                  when CA_CMPLX128
                    field(0, CA_FLOAT64)
                  when CA_CMPLX128
                    field(0, CA_FLOAT128)
                  end
    else
      @__real__ = self[]
    end
  end
  @__real__
end

#real=(val) ⇒ Object 



41
42
43
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 41

def real= (val)
  real[] = val
end

#real? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 118

def real?
  if complex?
    imag.all_equal?(0)
  elsif numeric?
    true
  else
    nil
  end
end

#recurrence(*argv, &block) ⇒ Object 



73
74
75
 
# File 'lib/carray/math/recurrence.rb', line 73

def recurrence (*argv, &block)
  return self.template.recurrence!(*argv, &block)
end

#recurrence!(init = {}, &block) ⇒ Object 



67
68
69
70
71
 
# File 'lib/carray/math/recurrence.rb', line 67

def recurrence! (init = {}, &block)
  lazy = CARecurrence.new(self, init, &block)
  CArray.attach(lazy) {}
  return self
end

#replace(from, to) ⇒ Object

replace



280
281
282
283
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 280

def replace (from, to)
  self[:eq, from] = to
  return self
end

#reshape(*newdim) ⇒ Object

reshape



287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 287

def reshape (*newdim)
  ifalse = nil
  i = 0
  0.upto(newdim.size-1) do |i|
    if newdim[i].nil?
      newdim[i] = dim[i]
    elsif newdim[i] == false 
      ifalse = i
      break
    end
  end
  k = 0
  (newdim.size-1).downto(i+1) do |j|
    if newdim[j].nil?
      newdim[j] = dim[rank-1-k]
    end
    k += 1
  end
  if ifalse
    newdim[ifalse] = 
        elements/newdim.select{|x| x!=false}.inject(1){|s,x| s*x}
  end
  return refer(data_type, newdim, :bytes=>bytes)
end

#resize(*newdim, &block) ⇒ Object

Returns the array resized to the dimension given as newdim. The new area is filled by the value returned by the block.



442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 442

def resize (*newdim, &block)
  if newdim.size != rank
    raise "rank mismatch"
  end
  offset = Array.new(rank){0}
  rank.times do |i|
    d = newdim[i]
    case d
    when nil
      newdim[i] = dim[i]
    when Integer
      if d < 0
        newdim[i] *= -1
        offset[i] = newdim[i] - dim[i]
      end
    else
      raise "invalid dimension size"
    end
  end
  out = CArray.new(data_type, newdim, &block)
  if out.has_mask?
    out.mask.paste(offset, self.false)
  end
  out.paste(offset, self)
  return out
end

#reversed ⇒ Object

reversed



336
337
338
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 336

def reversed
  return self[*([-1..0]*rank)]
end

#roll(*argv) ⇒ Object 



361
362
363
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 361

def roll (*argv)
  return self.rolled(*argv).to_ca
end

#roll!(*argv) ⇒ Object 



356
357
358
359
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 356

def roll! (*argv)
  self[] = self.rolled(*argv)
  return self
end

#rolled(*argv) ⇒ Object 



351
352
353
354
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 351

def rolled (*argv)
  argv.push({:roll => Array.new(rank){1} })
  return shifted(*argv)
end

#rotate(*argv) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



31
32
33
34
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 31

def rotate (*argv)                   # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#rotate will be obsolete, use CArray#roll"
  return self.rolled(*argv).to_ca
end

#rotate!(*argv) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



25
26
27
28
29
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 25

def rotate! (*argv)                  # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#rotate! will be obsolete, use CArray#roll!"
  self[] = self.rolled(*argv)
  return self
end

#rotated(*argv) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



19
20
21
22
23
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 19

def rotated (*argv)                  # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#rotated will be obsolete, use CArray#rolled"
  argv.push({:roll => Array.new(rank){1} })
  return shifted(*argv)
end

#save_binary(filename, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

obsolete methods



218
219
220
221
222
223
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 218

def save_binary (filename, opt={})    # :nodoc: 
  warn "CArray#save_binary will be obsolete, use CArray.save"
  open(filename, "w") { |io|
    return Serializer.new(io).save(self, opt)
  }
end

#save_binary_io(io, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



232
233
234
235
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 232

def save_binary_io (io, opt={})        # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#save_binary_io will be obsolete, use CArray.save"
  return Serializer.new(io).save(self, opt) 
end

#save_by_magick(filename, image_type = nil, options = "") ⇒ Object 



153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/imagemagick.rb', line 153

def save_by_magick (filename, image_type = nil, options = "")
  unless image_type
    image_type = magick_guess_image_type()
  end
  unless image_type
    raise "please specify image_type"
  end
  quantum_format = self.float? ? "-define quantum:format=floating-point" : ""
  case self.data_type
  when CA_INT8, CA_UINT8
    depth = "-depth 8"
  when CA_INT16, CA_UINT16
    depth = "-depth 16"
  when CA_FLOAT32
    depth = "-depth 32"
  when CA_FLOAT64
    depth = "-depth 64"
  when CA_FIXLEN
    depth = "-depth #{8*bytes}"
  else
    depth = "-depth 8"
  end
  convert_command = [
                     "convert",
                     depth,
                     "-size " + [dim1, dim0].join("x"),
                     quantum_format,
                     options,
                     "#{image_type}:-",
                     filename
                    ].join(" ")
  begin
    IO.popen(convert_command, "w") { |io|
      if data_type != CA_FIXLEN and data_type != CA_OBJECT
        if bytes > 1 and CArray.endian == CA_LITTLE_ENDIAN
          self.dump_binary(io)
#            swap_bytes.dump_binary(io)
        else
          self.dump_binary(io)
        end
      else
        self.dump_binary(io)
      end
    }
  rescue
    raise "ImageMagick's convert command failed to write image file '#{filename}'"
  end
end

#save_csv(file, option = {}, rs: $/, sep: ",", fill: "", mode: "w", &block) ⇒ Object 



540
541
542
543
544
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/csv.rb', line 540

def save_csv (file, option = {}, rs: $/, sep: ",", fill: "", mode: "w", &block)
  option = {:sep=>sep, :rs=>rs, :fill=>fill, :mode=>mode}.update(option)
  writer = CA::CSVWriter.new(option[:sep], option[:rs], option[:fill], &block)
  return writer.write_file(self, file, option[:mode])
end

#scale(xa, xb) ⇒ Object 



681
682
683
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 681

def scale (xa, xb)
  template.scale!(xa, xb)
end

#scale!(xa, xb) ⇒ Object 



675
676
677
678
679
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 675

def scale! (xa, xb)
  xa = xa.to_f
  xb = xb.to_f
  seq!(xa, (xb-xa)/(elements-1))
end

#section ⇒ Object 



191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
 
# File 'ext/calculus/carray_calculus.c', line 191

static VALUE
rb_ca_binary_search_linear_index (volatile VALUE self, volatile VALUE vx)
{
  volatile VALUE out, out0;
  CArray *ca, *sc, *cx, *co0, *co;
  ca_size_t n;
  double *x;
  double *px;
  double *po;
  ca_size_t i;

  Data_Get_Struct(self, CArray, ca);

  if ( rb_ca_is_any_masked(self) ) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "self should not have any masked elements");
  }

  sc = ca_wrap_readonly(self, CA_FLOAT64);
  cx = ca_wrap_readonly(vx, CA_FLOAT64);

  co0 = carray_new(ca->data_type, cx->rank, cx->dim, 0, NULL);
  out = out0 = ca_wrap_struct(co0);
  co = ca_wrap_writable(out, CA_FLOAT64);

  ca_attach_n(3, sc, cx, co);

  n = sc->elements;
  x  = (double*) sc->ptr;
  px = (double*) cx->ptr;
  po = (double*) co->ptr;

  ca_update_mask(cx);
  if ( cx->mask ) {
    boolean8_t *mx, *mo;
    ca_create_mask(co);
    mx = (boolean8_t *) cx->mask->ptr;
    mo = (boolean8_t *) co->mask->ptr;
    for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
      if ( ! *mx ) {
        linear_index(n, x, *px, po);
      }
      else {
        *mo = 1;
      }
      mx++; mo++; px++, po++;
    }
  }
  else {
    for (i=0; i<cx->elements; i++) {
      linear_index(n, x, *px, po);
      px++, po++;
    }
  }

  ca_sync(co);
  ca_detach_n(3, sc, cx, co);

  if ( rb_ca_is_scalar(vx) ) {
    return rb_funcall(out0, rb_intern("[]"), 1, INT2NUM(0));
  }
  else {
    return out0;
  }
}

#select(&block) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 36

def select (&block)                  # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#select will be obsolete"
  case block.arity
  when 1
    return self[*yield(self)]
  when -1, 0
    return self[*instance_exec(&block)]
  else
    raise
  end
end

#shift(*argv, &block) ⇒ Object 



347
348
349
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 347

def shift (*argv, &block)
  return self.shifted(*argv, &block).to_ca
end

#shift!(*argv, &block) ⇒ Object

roll / shift



342
343
344
345
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 342

def shift! (*argv, &block)
  self[] = self.shifted(*argv, &block)
  return self
end

#sign ⇒ Object 



138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/math.rb', line 138

def sign
  out = self.zero
  out[self.lt(0)] = -1
  out[self.gt(0)] = 1
  if float?
    out[self.is_nan] = 0.0/0.0
  end
  return out
end

#solve(sc, val, eps = 100 * Float::EPSILON) ⇒ Object 



28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
 
# File 'ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb', line 28

def solve (sc, val, eps = 100 * Float::EPSILON)
  func = self - val
  list, output = [], []
  (0...dim0-1).each do |i|
    if func[i] == UNDEF
    elsif func[i].abs < eps and not list.include?(i-1)
      output.push(sc[i])
    elsif func[i+1] == UNDEF
    elsif i < dim0 - 1 and func[i]*func[i+1] < 0
      list.push(i)
    end
  end
  list.each do |i|
    sx = CArray.double(4)
    sy = CArray.double(4)
    sx[0], sx[3] = sc[i], sc[i+1]
    sy[0], sy[3] = func[i], func[i+1]
    sx[1], sx[2] = (2.0*sx[0]+sx[3])/3.0, (sx[0]+2.0*sx[3])/3.0
    sy[1], sy[2] = func.interpolate(sc, sx[1], :type=>"linear"), func.interpolate(sc, sx[2], :type=>"linear")
    output.push(sx.interpolate(sy, 0))
  end
  return output.uniq
end

#solve2(sc, eps = 100 * Float::EPSILON) ⇒ Object 



52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
 
# File 'ext/calculus/lib/math/calculus.rb', line 52

def solve2 (sc, eps = 100 * Float::EPSILON)
  retvals = []
  self.dim1.times do |j|
    func = self[nil,j].to_ca
    list, output = [], []
    (0...dim0-1).each do |i|
      if func[i] == UNDEF
      elsif func[i].abs < eps and not list.include?(i-1)
        output.push(sc[i])
      elsif func[i+1] == UNDEF
      elsif i < dim0 - 1 and func[i]*func[i+1] < 0
        list.push(i)
      end
    end
    list.each do |i|
      sx = CArray.double(4)
      sy = CArray.double(4)
      sx[0], sx[3] = sc[i], sc[i+1]
      sy[0], sy[3] = func[i], func[i+1]
      sx[1], sx[2] = (2*sx[0]+sx[3])/3, (sx[0]+2*sx[3])/3
      sy[1], sy[2] = func.interpolate(sc, sx[1], :type=>"linear"), func.interpolate(sc, sx[2], :type=>"linear")
      output.push(sx.interpolate(sy, 0))
    end
    retvals << output.uniq
  end
  retvals = retvals.map{|s| s.empty? ? [nil] : s}
  return retvals
end

#sort_by(type = nil, opt = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Returns the array which elements are sorted by the comparison method given as block



399
400
401
402
403
404
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 399

def sort_by (type=nil, opt={}, &block)
  type, bytes =
    CArray.guess_type_and_bytes(type||data_type, opt[:bytes]||bytes)
  cmpary = convert(type, :bytes=>bytes, &block)
  return self[cmpary.sort_addr].to_ca
end

#sorted_by(type = nil, opt = {}, &block) ⇒ Object

Returns the reference which elements are sorted by the comparison method given as block



390
391
392
393
394
395
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 390

def sorted_by (type=nil, opt={}, &block)
  type, bytes =
    CArray.guess_type_and_bytes(type||data_type, opt[:bytes]||bytes)
  cmpary = convert(type, :bytes=>bytes, &block)
  return self[cmpary.sort_addr]
end

#span(range) ⇒ Object 



667
668
669
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 667

def span (range)
  return template.span!(range)
end

#span!(range) ⇒ Object 



656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 656

def span! (range)
  first = range.begin.to_r
  last  = range.end.to_r
  if range.exclude_end?
    seq!(first, (last-first)/elements)
  else
    seq!(first, (last-first)/(elements-1))
  end
  return self
end

#split(*argv) ⇒ Object

Returns object carray has elements of splitted carray at dimensions

  which is given by arguments

a = CA_INT([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])

a.split(0) 
  [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]

a.split(1)
  [1,4,7], [2,5,8], [3,6,9]



1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 1020

def split (*argv)
  odim = dim.values_at(*argv)
  out  = CArray.object(*odim)
  idx  = [nil] * rank
  attach {
    out.map_with_index! do |o, v|
      argv.each_with_index do |r, i|
        idx[r] = v[i]
      end
      self[*idx].to_ca
    end
  }
  return out
end

#st ⇒ Object 



79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/struct.rb', line 79

def st
  unless has_data_class?
    raise "should have data_class"
  end
  unless @struct
    struct_class = Struct.new(nil, *data_class::MEMBERS)
    members = data_class::MEMBERS.map{|name| self[name]}
    @struct = struct_class.new(*members)
  end
  return @struct
end

#to_binary(io = "", opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



242
243
244
245
246
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/serialize.rb', line 242

def to_binary (io="", opt={})          # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#to_binary will be obsolete, use CArray.dump"
  Serializer.new(io).save(self, opt) 
  return io
end

#to_bit_string(nb) ⇒ Object 



771
772
773
774
775
776
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 771

def to_bit_string (nb)
  hex = CArray.uint8(((nb*elements)/8.0).ceil)
  hex.bits[nil].paste([0], self.bits[false,[(nb-1)..0]].flatten)
  hex.bits[] = hex.bits[nil,[-1..0]]
  return hex.to_s
end

#to_column ⇒ Object

Returns (n,1) array from 1-dimensional array



433
434
435
436
437
438
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 433

def to_column
  if rank != 1
    raise "rank should be 1"
  end
  return self[:%,1]
end

#to_csv(io = "", option = {}, rs: $/, sep: ",", fill: "", &block) ⇒ Object 



546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/csv.rb', line 546

def to_csv (io="", option ={}, rs: $/, sep: ",", fill: "", &block)
  option = {:sep=>sep, :rs=>rs, :fill=>fill}.update(option)
  writer = CA::CSVWriter.new(option[:sep], option[:rs], option[:fill], &block)
  case io
  when IO, StringIO
    return writer.write_io(self, io)
  when String
    return writer.write_string(self, io)
  end
end

#to_fortran_format(fmt, input = "") ⇒ Object 



21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
 
# File 'ext/fortio/lib/carray/io/fortran_format.rb', line 21

def to_fortran_format (fmt, input="")
  case input
  when String
    io = StringIO.new(input)
  else
    io = input
  end
  case fmt
  when String
    fmt = FortranFormat.new(fmt)
  end
  n = fmt.count_args
  attach {
    self[nil].blocks(0...n).each do |blk|
      fmt.write(io, *blk.to_a)
    end
  }
  return input
end

#to_na ⇒ Object

rdoc:

class CArray
  def to_na
  end
  def to_nv
  end
  def to_nm
  end
end



317
318
319
320
321
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 317

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_na (VALUE self, VALUE klass)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_i(self, cNArray);
}

#to_na! ⇒ Object

rdoc:

class CArray
  def to_na!
  end
  def to_nv!
  end
  def to_nm!
  end
end



254
255
256
257
258
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 254

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_na_bang (VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_bang_i(self, cNArray);
}

#to_nam ⇒ Object 



17
18
19
20
21
22
23
 
# File 'ext/narray/lib/math/narray_miss.rb', line 17

def to_nam
  if has_mask?
    return NArrayMiss.to_nam_no_dup(to_na, mask.bit_neg.na)
  else
    return NArrayMiss.to_nam_no_dup(to_na)
  end
end

#to_nam! ⇒ Object 



25
26
27
28
29
30
31
 
# File 'ext/narray/lib/math/narray_miss.rb', line 25

def to_nam!
  if has_mask?
    return NArrayMiss.to_nam_no_dup(to_na!, mask.bit_neg.to_na!)
  else
    return NArrayMiss.to_nam_no_dup(to_na!)
  end
end

#to_nm ⇒ Object 



329
330
331
332
333
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 329

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_nm (VALUE self, VALUE klass)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_i(self, cNMatrix);
}

#to_nm! ⇒ Object 



266
267
268
269
270
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 266

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_nm_bang (VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_bang_i(self, cNMatrix);
}

#to_nv ⇒ Object 



323
324
325
326
327
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 323

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_nv (VALUE self, VALUE klass)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_i(self, cNVector);
}

#to_nv! ⇒ Object 



260
261
262
263
264
 
# File 'ext/narray/ca_wrap_narray.c', line 260

static VALUE
rb_cary_to_nv_bang (VALUE self)
{
  return rb_cary_to_na_bang_i(self, cNVector);
}

#to_row ⇒ Object

Returns (1,n) array from 1-dimensional array



425
426
427
428
429
430
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 425

def to_row 
  if rank != 1
    raise "rank should be 1"
  end
  return self[1,:%]
end

#to_sqlite3(database: nil, table:, datatype: "numeric", schema: nil, transaction: true) ⇒ Object 



33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/sqlite3.rb', line 33

def to_sqlite3 (database: nil, table:, datatype: "numeric", schema: nil, transaction: true)
  unless rank <= 2
    raise "to_sqlite3 is valid only for 2-dim array (table)"
  end
  case database
  when SQLite3::Database
  when String
    if File.exist? database
      database = SQLite3::Database.open(database)
    else
      database = SQLite3::Database.new(database)        
    end
  else
    database = SQLite3::Database.new ":memory:"
  end
  if respond_to?(:column_names) and column_names
    vars = column_names
  else
    if rank == 1
      vars = ["c0"]
    else
      vars = CArray.object(dim1).seq.map{|s| "c#{s}" }
    end
  end
  
  if schema
    database.execute "create table if not exists #{table} (" + schema + ")"          
  else
    database.execute "create table if not exists #{table} (" + vars.map{|s| s + " " + datatype }.join(",") + ")"
  end

  insert = database.prepare %{ insert or replace into #{table} values (#{(["?"]*vars.size).join(",")}) }
  database.transaction if transaction
  if rank == 1
    dim0.times do |i|
      insert.execute [self[i]]
    end
  else
    begin
      dim0.times do |i|
        begin
         insert.execute self[i,nil].to_a
        rescue
          puts self[i,nil].to_a
          raise $!
        end
      end
    end
  end
  database.commit if transaction
  insert.close
  return database
end

#to_tabular(option = {}) ⇒ Object 



557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/csv.rb', line 557

def to_tabular (option = {})
  option = {:sep=>" ", :names=>nil}.update(option)
  if option[:names]
    names = option[:names]
  elsif self.respond_to?(:names)
    names = self.names
  end
  sep = option[:sep]
  data = self.to_ca.map! {|s| s.to_s }
  table  = CArray.join([names.to_ca], [data])
  length = table.convert{|s| s.length}.max(0)
  table.map_with_index! {|s, idx| s.rjust(length[idx[1]]) }.to_csv.gsub(/,/,sep)
end

#transform(type, dim, opt = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



48
49
50
51
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 48

def transform (type, dim, opt = {}) # :nodoc:
  warn("CArray#transform will be obsolete")
  return refer(type, dim, opt).to_ca
end

#transpose(*argv) ⇒ Object 



370
371
372
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 370

def transpose (*argv)
  return self.transposed(*argv).to_ca
end

#transpose!(*argv) ⇒ Object 



365
366
367
368
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 365

def transpose! (*argv)
  self[] = self.transposed(*argv)
  return self
end

#true ⇒ Object

Returns the 8-bit integer CArray object filled with 1 which dimension size is same as self. The resulted array represents the logical array which has true for its all elements.



734
735
736
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 734

def true ()
  return template(:boolean) { 1 }
end

#unblob(type, subdim = nil) ⇒ Object 



87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/sqlite3.rb', line 87

def unblob (type, subdim = nil)
  bytes = CArray.sizeof(type)
  elem  = self[0]
  if elem == nil and subdim == nil
    raise "first element is nil, please specify dimension."
  end
  unless subdim
    subdim = [elem.bytesize/bytes]
  end
  out = CArray.new(type, dim + subdim)
  needed_bytes = out.elements/self.elements*bytes
  ref = out.refer(:fixlen, dim, :bytes=>needed_bytes)
  if elem and needed_bytes != elem.bytesize 
    self.each_addr do |addr|
      if self[addr].nil?
        ref[[addr]] = UNDEF
      else
        ref[[addr]].load_binary self[addr]
      end
    end
  elsif self.any_equal?(nil)
    copy  = self.to_ca
    sel   = self.eq(nil)
    copy[sel] = "\0" * needed_bytes
    ref.load_binary copy.join
    ref[sel] = UNDEF
  else
    ref.load_binary self.join
  end
  return out
end

#unescape_bytea(type, subdim = nil) ⇒ Object 



72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
 
# File 'lib/carray/io/pg.rb', line 72

def unescape_bytea (type, subdim = nil)
  bytes = CArray.sizeof(type)
  max_bytesize = self.convert{|v| v ? PG::Connection.unescape_bytea(v).bytesize : 0}.max
  unless subdim
    subdim = [max_bytesize/bytes]
  end
  out = CArray.new(type, dim + subdim)
  needed_bytes = out.elements/self.elements*bytes
  ref = out.refer(:fixlen, dim, :bytes=>needed_bytes)
  if needed_bytes == max_bytesize
    ref.load_binary self.convert {|v| PG::Connection.unescape_bytea(v) }.join
  else
    self.each_addr do |addr|
      if self[addr]
        text = PG::Connection.unescape_bytea(self[addr])
        ref[[addr]].load_binary PG::Connection.unescape_bytea(self[addr])
      else
        out[addr,false] = UNDEF
      end
    end
  end
  return out
end

#uniq ⇒ Object

Returns the array eliminated all the duplicated elements.



580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 580

def uniq
  ary = to_a.uniq
  if has_mask?
    ary.delete(UNDEF)
  end
  if has_data_class?
    return CArray.new(data_class, [ary.length]) { ary }
  else
    return CArray.new(data_type, [ary.length], :bytes=>bytes) { ary }
  end
end

#where_range ⇒ Object 



542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/basic.rb', line 542

def where_range
  w = where
  x = (w - w.shifted(1){-2}).sub!(1).where
  y = (w - w.shifted(-1){-2}).add!(1).where
  list = []
  x.each_addr do |i|
    list.push(w[x[i]]..w[y[i]])
  end
  return list
end

#window_iterator(*argv) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



14
15
16
17
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/obsolete.rb', line 14

def window_iterator (*argv)          # :nodoc:
  warn "CArray#window_iterator will be obsolete, use CArray#windows"
  return windows(*argv)
end

#windows(*args, &block) ⇒ Object 



297
298
299
 
# File 'lib/carray/base/iterator.rb', line 297

def windows (*args, &block)
  return CAWindowIterator.new(self.window(*args, &block))
end

#zimg(option = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
 
# File 'lib/carray/graphics/zimg.rb', line 48

def zimg (option={}) # :nodoc:

  tempfile = "%zimg_#{$$}_#{@@zimg_count}.dat"
  @@zimg_count += 1

  if self.rank != 2
    raise "zimg accept only 2-D data"
  end

  option.each do |k, v|
    if k.kind_of?(String)
      option[k.intern] = v
    end
  end

  if option[:output]
    output = option[:output]
    case output
    when /.ppm$/
      outfmt = "--ppm"
    when /.pgm$/
      outfmt = "--pgm"
    when /.jpg$/i, /.jpeg$/i
      if option[:quality]
        outfmt = "--jpeg=" + option[:quality].to_s
      else
        outfmt = "--jpeg"
      end
    else
      outfmt = ""
    end
  else
    output = "-"
    outfmt = ""
  end

  if option[:interlace]
    interlace = "--interlace"
  else
    interlace = ""
  end

  case self.data_type
  when CA_UINT8
    type_spec = "--unsigned-char"
  when CA_INT8, CA_BOOLEAN
    type_spec = "--char"
  when CA_UINT16
    type_spec = "--unsigned-short"
  when CA_INT16
    type_spec = "--short"
  when CA_UINT32
    type_spec = "--unsigned-int"
  when CA_INT32
    type_spec = "--int"
  when CA_FLOAT32
    type_spec = "--float"
  when CA_FLOAT64
    type_spec = "--double"
  when CA_CMPLX64
    type_spec = "--complex-float=" + ( option[:complex] || "abs" )
  when CA_CMPLX128
    type_spec = "--complex-double=" + ( option[:complex] || "abs" )
  else
    raise "can't create image for invalid numerical data"
  end

  case option[:colormap]
  when "red", "blue", "gray"
    colormap = "--" + option[:colormap]
  when String
    if File.exist?(option[:colormap])
      colormap = "--colormap=" + option[:colormap]
    else
      raise "can't find colomap file"
    end
  when Array
    colormap = "--colormap=" + option[:colormap].join(",")
  else
    colormap = ""
  end

  if option[:crange]
    crange = "--crange=" + option[:crange].join(',')
  else
    crange = ''
  end

  if option[:nda_color]
    if option[:fill_value]
      nda = "--nda=" + [option[:fill_value], option[:nda_color]].join(',')
    else
      nda = "--nda=" + ["Infinity", option[:nda_color]].join(',')
    end
  else
    nda = ""
  end

  if option[:scale]
    scale = "--scale=" + option[:scale].join(',')
  else
    scale = ''
  end

  if option[:align]
    if option[:align].last.kind_of?(String)
      align = "--align=" + option[:align][0..-2].join('x')
                "," + option[:align].last
    else
      align = "--align=" + option[:align].join('x')
    end
  else
    align = ''
  end

  if option[:colorbox]
    if option[:cbox_tics]
      colorbox = "--colorbox=" + option[:cbox_tics].to_s
    else
      colorbox = "--colorbox"
    end
  else
    colorbox = ""
  end

  if option[:cbox_format]
    cbox_format = option[:cbox_format]
  else
    cbox_format = ""
  end

  if option[:cbox_label]
    cbox_label = option[:cbox_label]
  else
    cbox_label = ""
  end

  geom = lambda{|x,y|
    [ (x > 0 ? "+" : '') + x.to_s, (y > 0 ? '+' :'') + y.to_s].join
  }

  label = ""
  if option[:label]
    option[:label].each do |x, y, s|
      label << "--label=" + [geom[x, y],s].join(',') + " "
    end
  end

  vlabel = ""
  if option[:vlabel]
    option[:vlabel].each do |x, y, s|
      vlabel << "--vlabel=" + [geom[x, y],s].join(',') + " "
    end
  end

  if option[:textfont]
    textfont = "--font=" + option[:textfont].to_s
  else
    textfont = ""
  end

  if option[:textcolor]
    textcolor = "--textcolor=" + option[:textcolor].to_s
  else
    textcolor = ""
  end

  case option[:smooth]
  when Numeric
    smooth = "--smooth=" + option[:smooth].to_s
  else
    if option[:smooth]
      smooth = "--smooth"
    else
      smooth = ""
    end
  end

  command = [
             "zimg",
             "--output=#{output}",
             outfmt,
             interlace,
             type_spec,
             "--size=" + self.dim.reverse.join(","),
             scale,
             align,
             colormap,
             option[:invert] ? "--invert" : "",
             crange,
             nda,
             colorbox,
             cbox_label,
             cbox_format,
             label,
             vlabel,
             textfont,
             textcolor,
             smooth,
             tempfile
            ].join(" ")

  if option[:nda_color] and self.has_mask?
    if option[:fill_value]
      out = self.unmask(option[:fill_value])
    else
      out = self.unmask(nan)
    end
  else
    out = self
  end

  open(tempfile, "w"){ |io|
    out.dump_binary(io)
  }

  if option[:debug]
    puts command
  end

  if option[:output]
    system(command)
    case option[:display]
    when String
      system([option[:display], output].join(" "))
    else
      if option[:display]
        system(["display", output].join(" "))
      end
    end
  else
    case option[:display]
    when String
      system(command + ["|", option[:display], "-"].join(" "))
    else
      if option[:display]
        system(command + ["|", "display -"].join(" "))
      end
    end
  end

ensure
  if File.exist?(tempfile)
    File.unlink(tempfile)
  end
end