Module: Briard::Readers::SchemaOrgReader

Included in:
MetadataUtils
Defined in:
lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb

Constant Summary collapse

SO_TO_DC_RELATION_TYPES =
{
  'citation' => 'References',
  'isBasedOn' => 'IsSupplementedBy',
  'sameAs' => 'IsIdenticalTo',
  'isPartOf' => 'IsPartOf',
  'hasPart' => 'HasPart',
  'isPredecessor' => 'IsPreviousVersionOf',
  'isSuccessor' => 'IsNewVersionOf'
}.freeze
SO_TO_DC_REVERSE_RELATION_TYPES =
{
  'citation' => 'IsReferencedBy',
  'isBasedOn' => 'IsSupplementTo',
  'sameAs' => 'IsIdenticalTo',
  'isPartOf' => 'HasPart',
  'hasPart' => 'IsPartOf',
  'isPredecessor' => 'IsNewVersionOf',
  'isSuccessor' => 'IsPreviousVersionOf'
}.freeze

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#get_schema_org(id: nil, **_options) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 26

def get_schema_org(id: nil, **_options)
  return { 'string' => nil, 'state' => 'not_found' } unless id.present?

  url = normalize_id(id)
  response = Maremma.get(url, raw: true)

  # some responses are returned as a hash
  if response.body['data'].is_a?(Hash)
    string = response.body.dig('data', 'html', 'head', 'script', 1, '__content__')
  else
    doc = Nokogiri::HTML(response.body.fetch('data', nil), nil, 'UTF-8')

    # workaround for xhtml documents
    nodeset = doc.at("script[type='application/ld+json']")
    hsh = JSON.parse(nodeset || '{}')

    # workaround for doi as canonical_url but not included with schema.org
    link = doc.css("link[rel='canonical']")
    hsh['@id'] = link[0]['href'] if link.present?

    # workaround if license not included with schema.org
    license = doc.at("meta[name='dc.rights']")
    hsh['license'] = license['content'] if license.present?

    # workaround for html language attribute if no language is set via schema.org
    lang = doc.at("meta[name='dc.language']") || doc.at("meta[name='citation_language']")
    lang = lang['content'] if lang.present?
    lang = doc.at('html')['lang'] if lang.blank?
    hsh['inLanguage'] = lang if hsh['inLanguage'].blank?

    # workaround if issn not included with schema.org
    name = doc.at("meta[property='og:site_name']")
    issn = doc.at("meta[name='citation_issn']")
    hsh['isPartOf'] = { 'name' => name ? name['content'] : nil,
                        'issn' => issn ? issn['content'] : nil }.compact

    # workaround if not all authors are included with schema.org (e.g. in Ghost metadata)
    authors = doc.css("meta[name='citation_author']").map do |author|
      { '@type' => 'Person', 'name' => author['content'] }
    end

    hsh['author'] = hsh['creator'] if hsh['author'].blank? && hsh['creator'].present?
    hsh['author'] = authors if authors.length > Array.wrap(hsh['author']).length

    # workaround if publisher not included with schema.org (e.g. Zenodo)
    if hsh['publisher'].blank?
      publisher = doc.at("meta[property='og:site_name']")
      publisher = publisher['content'] if publisher.present?
      hsh['publisher'] = { 'name' => publisher } 
    end

    string = hsh.to_json if hsh.present?
  end

  { 'string' => string }
end

#read_schema_org(string: nil, **options) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 83

def read_schema_org(string: nil, **options)
  if string.present?
    errors = jsonlint(string)
    return { 'errors' => errors } if errors.present?
  end

  read_options = ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(options.except(:doi, :id, :url,
                                                                             :sandbox, :validate, :ra))

  meta = string.present? ? Maremma.from_json(string) : {}

  identifiers = Array.wrap(meta.fetch('identifier', nil)).map do |r|
    r = normalize_id(r) if r.is_a?(String)
    if r.is_a?(String) && URI(r).host != 'doi.org'
      { 'identifierType' => 'URL', 'identifier' => r }
    elsif r.is_a?(Hash)
      { 'identifierType' => get_identifier_type(r['propertyID']), 'identifier' => r['value'] }
    end
  end.compact.uniq

  id = options[:doi]
  id = meta.fetch('@id', nil) if id.blank? && URI(meta.fetch('@id', '')).host == 'doi.org'
  id = meta.fetch('identifier', nil) if id.blank?
  id = normalize_id(id)

  schema_org = meta.fetch('@type', nil) && meta.fetch('@type').camelcase
  resource_type_general = Briard::Utils::SO_TO_DC_TRANSLATIONS[schema_org]
  types = {
    'resourceTypeGeneral' => resource_type_general,
    'resourceType' => meta.fetch('additionalType', nil),
    'schemaOrg' => schema_org,
    'citeproc' => Briard::Utils::SO_TO_CP_TRANSLATIONS[schema_org] || 'article-journal',
    'bibtex' => Briard::Utils::SO_TO_BIB_TRANSLATIONS[schema_org] || 'misc',
    'ris' => Briard::Utils::SO_TO_RIS_TRANSLATIONS[resource_type_general.to_s.dasherize] || 'GEN'
  }.compact
  authors = meta.fetch('author', nil) || meta.fetch('creator', nil)
  # Authors should be an object, if it's just a plain string don't try and parse it.
  unless authors.is_a?(String)
    creators = get_authors(from_schema_org_creators(Array.wrap(authors)))
  end
  contributors = get_authors(from_schema_org_contributors(Array.wrap(meta.fetch('editor',
                                                                                nil))))
  publisher = parse_attributes(meta.fetch('publisher', nil), content: 'name', first: true)
  
  ct = schema_org == 'Dataset' ? 'includedInDataCatalog' : 'Periodical'
  container = if meta.fetch(ct, nil).present?
                url = parse_attributes(from_schema_org(meta.fetch(ct, nil)), content: 'url',
                                                                             first: true)

                {
                  'type' => schema_org == 'Dataset' ? 'DataRepository' : 'Periodical',
                  'title' => parse_attributes(from_schema_org(meta.fetch(ct, nil)), content: 'name',
                                                                                    first: true),
                  'identifier' => url,
                  'identifierType' => url.present? ? 'URL' : nil,
                  'volume' => meta.fetch('volumeNumber', nil),
                  'issue' => meta.fetch('issueNumber', nil),
                  'firstPage' => meta.fetch('pageStart', nil),
                  'lastPage' => meta.fetch('pageEnd', nil)
                }.compact
              elsif %w[BlogPosting Article].include?(schema_org)
                issn = meta.dig('isPartOf', 'issn')
                url = meta.dig('publisher', 'url')

                {
                  'type' => 'Blog',
                  'title' => meta.dig('isPartOf', 'name'),
                  'identifier' => issn.presence || url.presence,
                  'identifierType' => issn.present? ? 'ISSN' : 'URL'
                }.compact
              else
                {}
              end

  related_identifiers = Array.wrap(schema_org_is_identical_to(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_part_of(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_has_part(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_previous_version_of(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_new_version_of(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_references(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_referenced_by(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_supplement_to(meta)) +
                        Array.wrap(schema_org_is_supplemented_by(meta))

  rights_list = Array.wrap(meta.fetch('license', nil)).compact.map do |rl|
    if rl.is_a?(String)
      hsh_to_spdx('rightsURI' => rl)
    else
      hsh_to_spdx('__content__' => rl['name'], 'rightsURI' => rl['id'])
    end
  end

  funding_references = Array.wrap(meta.fetch('funder', nil)).compact.map do |fr|
    if fr['@id'].present?
      {
        'funderName' => fr['name'],
        'funderIdentifier' => fr['@id'],
        'funderIdentifierType' => fr['@id'].to_s.start_with?('https://doi.org/10.13039') ? 'Crossref Funder ID' : 'Other'
      }.compact
    else
      { 'funderName' => fr['name'] }.compact
    end
  end

  # strip milliseconds from iso8601, as edtf library doesn't handle them
  dates = []
  if Date.edtf(strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('datePublished', nil))).present?
    dates << { 'date' => strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('datePublished')),
               'dateType' => 'Issued' }
  end
  if Date.edtf(strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('dateCreated', nil))).present?
    dates << { 'date' => strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('dateCreated')),
               'dateType' => 'Created' }
  end
  if Date.edtf(strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('dateModified', nil))).present?
    dates << { 'date' => strip_milliseconds(meta.fetch('dateModified')),
               'dateType' => 'Updated' }
  end
  publication_year = meta.fetch('datePublished')[0..3] if meta.fetch('datePublished',
                                                                     nil).present?

  language = case meta.fetch('inLanguage', nil)
             when String
               meta.fetch('inLanguage')
             when Array
               meta.fetch('inLanguage').first
             when Object
               meta.dig('inLanguage', 'alternateName') || meta.dig('inLanguage', 'name')
             end

  state = meta.present? || read_options.present? ? 'findable' : 'not_found'
  geo_locations = Array.wrap(meta.fetch('spatialCoverage', nil)).map do |gl|
    if gl.dig('geo', 'box')
      s, w, n, e = gl.dig('geo', 'box').split(' ', 4)
      geo_location_box = {
        'westBoundLongitude' => w,
        'eastBoundLongitude' => e,
        'southBoundLatitude' => s,
        'northBoundLatitude' => n
      }.compact.presence
    else
      geo_location_box = nil
    end
    geo_location_point = { 'pointLongitude' => gl.dig('geo', 'longitude'),
                           'pointLatitude' => gl.dig('geo', 'latitude') }.compact.presence

    {
      'geoLocationPlace' => gl.dig('geo', 'address'),
      'geoLocationPoint' => geo_location_point,
      'geoLocationBox' => geo_location_box
    }.compact
  end

  # handle keywords as array and as comma-separated string
  subjects = meta.fetch('keywords', nil)
  subjects = subjects.to_s.downcase.split(', ') if subjects.is_a?(String)
  subjects = Array.wrap(subjects).reduce([]) do |sum, subject|
    sum += name_to_fos(subject)
    sum
  end

  { 'id' => id,
    'types' => types,
    'doi' => validate_doi(id),
    'identifiers' => identifiers,
    'url' => normalize_id(meta.fetch('url', nil)),
    'content_url' => Array.wrap(meta.fetch('contentUrl', nil)),
    'sizes' => Array.wrap(meta.fetch('contenSize', nil)).presence,
    'formats' => Array.wrap(meta.fetch('encodingFormat',
                                       nil) || meta.fetch('fileFormat', nil)),
    'titles' => if meta.fetch('name', nil).present?
                  [{ 'title' => meta.fetch('name', nil) }]
                else
                  [{ 'title' => meta.fetch('headline', nil) }]
                end,
    'creators' => creators,
    'contributors' => contributors,
    'publisher' => publisher,
    'agency' => parse_attributes(meta.fetch('provider', nil), content: 'name', first: true),
    'container' => container,
    'related_identifiers' => related_identifiers,
    'publication_year' => publication_year,
    'dates' => dates,
    'descriptions' => if meta.fetch('description', nil).present?
                        [{ 'description' => sanitize(meta.fetch('description')),
                           'descriptionType' => 'Abstract' }]
                      end,
    'rights_list' => rights_list.presence,
    'version_info' => meta.fetch('version', nil).to_s.presence,
    'subjects' => subjects,
    'language' => language,
    'state' => state,
    'schema_version' => meta.fetch('schemaVersion', nil).to_s.presence,
    'funding_references' => funding_references,
    'geo_locations' => geo_locations }.merge(read_options)
end

#schema_org_has_part(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 298

def schema_org_has_part(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'hasPart')
end

#schema_org_is_identical_to(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 290

def schema_org_is_identical_to(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'sameAs')
end

#schema_org_is_new_version_of(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 306

def schema_org_is_new_version_of(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'SuccessorOf')
end

#schema_org_is_part_of(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 294

def schema_org_is_part_of(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'isPartOf')
end

#schema_org_is_previous_version_of(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 302

def schema_org_is_previous_version_of(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'PredecessorOf')
end

#schema_org_is_referenced_by(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 314

def schema_org_is_referenced_by(meta)
  schema_org_reverse_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'citation')
end

#schema_org_is_supplement_to(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 318

def schema_org_is_supplement_to(meta)
  schema_org_reverse_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'isBasedOn')
end

#schema_org_is_supplemented_by(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 322

def schema_org_is_supplemented_by(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'isBasedOn')
end

#schema_org_references(meta) ⇒ Object



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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 310

def schema_org_references(meta)
  schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: 'citation')
end


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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 280

def schema_org_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: nil)
  normalize_ids(ids: meta.fetch(relation_type, nil),
                relation_type: SO_TO_DC_RELATION_TYPES[relation_type])
end


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# File 'lib/briard/readers/schema_org_reader.rb', line 285

def schema_org_reverse_related_identifier(meta, relation_type: nil)
  normalize_ids(ids: meta.dig('@reverse', relation_type),
                relation_type: SO_TO_DC_REVERSE_RELATION_TYPES[relation_type])
end