Class: Bosh::OpenStackCloud::Cloud

Inherits:
Cloud
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Helpers
Defined in:
lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb

Overview

BOSH OpenStack CPI

Constant Summary collapse

OPTION_KEYS = 
['openstack', 'registry', 'agent', 'use_dhcp']
BOSH_APP_DIR = 
'/var/vcap/bosh'
FIRST_DEVICE_NAME_LETTER = 
'b'
CONNECT_RETRY_DELAY = 
1
CONNECT_RETRY_COUNT = 
5

Constants included from Helpers

Helpers::DEFAULT_RETRY_TIMEOUT, Helpers::DEFAULT_STATE_TIMEOUT, Helpers::MAX_RETRIES

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Helpers

#cloud_error, #parse_openstack_response, #task_checkpoint, #wait_resource, #with_openstack

Constructor Details

#initialize(options) ⇒ Cloud

Creates a new BOSH OpenStack CPI

Options Hash (options):

  • openstack (Hash) —

    OpenStack specific options

  • agent (Hash) —

    agent options

  • registry (Hash) —

    agent options



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 31

def initialize(options)
  @options = normalize_options(options)

  validate_options
  initialize_registry

  @logger = Bosh::Clouds::Config.logger

  @agent_properties = @options['agent'] || {}
  @openstack_properties = @options['openstack']

  @default_key_name = @openstack_properties["default_key_name"]
  @default_security_groups = @openstack_properties["default_security_groups"]
  @state_timeout = @openstack_properties["state_timeout"]
  @stemcell_public_visibility = @openstack_properties["stemcell_public_visibility"]
  @wait_resource_poll_interval = @openstack_properties["wait_resource_poll_interval"]
  @boot_from_volume = @openstack_properties["boot_from_volume"]
  @boot_volume_cloud_properties = @openstack_properties["boot_volume_cloud_properties"] || {}
  @use_dhcp = @openstack_properties.fetch('use_dhcp', true)

  unless @openstack_properties['auth_url'].match(/\/tokens$/)
    @openstack_properties['auth_url'] = @openstack_properties['auth_url'] + '/tokens'
  end

  @openstack_properties['connection_options'] ||= {}

  @extra_connection_options = {'instrumentor' => Bosh::OpenStackCloud::ExconLoggingInstrumentor}

  openstack_params = {
    :provider => 'OpenStack',
    :openstack_auth_url => @openstack_properties['auth_url'],
    :openstack_username => @openstack_properties['username'],
    :openstack_api_key => @openstack_properties['api_key'],
    :openstack_tenant => @openstack_properties['tenant'],
    :openstack_domain_name => @openstack_properties['domain'],
    :openstack_region => @openstack_properties['region'],
    :openstack_endpoint_type => @openstack_properties['endpoint_type'],
    :connection_options => @openstack_properties['connection_options'].merge(@extra_connection_options)
  }

  connect_retry_errors = [Excon::Errors::GatewayTimeout, Excon::Errors::SocketError]

  @connect_retry_options = {
    sleep: CONNECT_RETRY_DELAY,
    tries: CONNECT_RETRY_COUNT,
    on: connect_retry_errors,
  }

  begin
    Bosh::Common.retryable(@connect_retry_options) do |tries, error|
      @logger.error("Failed #{tries} times, last failure due to: #{error.inspect}") unless error.nil?
      @openstack = Fog::Compute.new(openstack_params)
    end
  rescue Bosh::Common::RetryCountExceeded, Excon::Errors::ClientError, Excon::Errors::ServerError
    cloud_error('Unable to connect to the OpenStack Compute API. Check task debug log for details.')
  end

  @az_provider = Bosh::OpenStackCloud::AvailabilityZoneProvider.new(
    @openstack,
    @openstack_properties["ignore_server_availability_zone"])

  glance_params = {
    :provider => 'OpenStack',
    :openstack_auth_url => @openstack_properties['auth_url'],
    :openstack_username => @openstack_properties['username'],
    :openstack_api_key => @openstack_properties['api_key'],
    :openstack_tenant => @openstack_properties['tenant'],
    :openstack_domain_name => @openstack_properties['domain'],
    :openstack_region => @openstack_properties['region'],
    :openstack_endpoint_type => @openstack_properties['endpoint_type'],
    :connection_options => @openstack_properties['connection_options'].merge(@extra_connection_options)
  }

  begin
    Bosh::Common.retryable(@connect_retry_options) do |tries, error|
      @logger.error("Failed #{tries} times, last failure due to: #{error.inspect}") unless error.nil?
      @glance = Fog::Image.new(glance_params)
    end
  rescue Bosh::Common::RetryCountExceeded, Excon::Errors::ClientError, Excon::Errors::ServerError
    cloud_error('Unable to connect to the OpenStack Image Service API. Check task debug log for details.')
  end

  @metadata_lock = Mutex.new
end

Instance Attribute Details

#glance ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute glance.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 19

def glance
  @glance
end

#logger ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute logger.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 22

def logger
  @logger
end

#openstack ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute openstack.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 17

def openstack
  @openstack
end

#registry ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute registry.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 18

def registry
  @registry
end

#state_timeout ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute state_timeout.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 21

def state_timeout
  @state_timeout
end

#volume ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute volume.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 20

def volume
  @volume
end

Instance Method Details

#attach_disk(server_id, disk_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Attaches an OpenStack volume to an OpenStack server



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 529

def attach_disk(server_id, disk_id)
  with_thread_name("attach_disk(#{server_id}, #{disk_id})") do
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    cloud_error("Server `#{server_id}' not found") unless server

    volume = with_openstack { @openstack.volumes.get(disk_id) }
    cloud_error("Volume `#{disk_id}' not found") unless volume

    device_name = attach_volume(server, volume)

    update_agent_settings(server) do |settings|
      settings['disks'] ||= {}
      settings['disks']['persistent'] ||= {}
      settings['disks']['persistent'][disk_id] = device_name
    end
  end
end

#configure_networks(server_id, network_spec) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Configures networking on existing OpenStack server

Raises:

  • (Bosh::Clouds:NotSupported) —

    If there’s a network change that requires the recreation of the VM



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 388

def configure_networks(server_id, network_spec)
  with_thread_name("configure_networks(#{server_id}, ...)") do
    @logger.info("Configuring `#{server_id}' to use the following " \
                 "network settings: #{network_spec.pretty_inspect}")
    network_configurator = NetworkConfigurator.new(network_spec)

    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    cloud_error("Server `#{server_id}' not found") unless server

    compare_security_groups(server, network_configurator.security_groups(@default_security_groups))

    compare_private_ip_addresses(server, network_configurator.private_ips)

    network_configurator.configure(@openstack, server)

    update_agent_settings(server) do |settings|
      settings['networks'] = agent_network_spec(network_spec)
    end
  end
end

#create_boot_disk(size, stemcell_id, availability_zone = nil, boot_volume_cloud_properties = {}) ⇒ String

Creates a new OpenStack boot volume



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 458

def create_boot_disk(size, stemcell_id, availability_zone = nil, boot_volume_cloud_properties = {})
  volume_service_client = connect_to_volume_service
  with_thread_name("create_boot_disk(#{size}, #{stemcell_id}, #{availability_zone}, #{boot_volume_cloud_properties})") do
    raise ArgumentError, "Disk size needs to be an integer" unless size.kind_of?(Integer)
    cloud_error("Minimum disk size is 1 GiB") if (size < 1024)

    volume_params = {
      :display_name => "volume-#{generate_unique_name}",
      :size => (size / 1024.0).ceil,
      :imageRef => stemcell_id
    }

    if availability_zone && @az_provider.constrain_to_server_availability_zone?
      volume_params[:availability_zone] = availability_zone
    end
    volume_params[:volume_type] = boot_volume_cloud_properties["type"] if boot_volume_cloud_properties["type"]

    @logger.info("Creating new boot volume...")
    boot_volume = with_openstack { volume_service_client.volumes.create(volume_params) }

    @logger.info("Creating new boot volume `#{boot_volume.id}'...")
    wait_resource(boot_volume, :available)

    boot_volume.id.to_s
  end
end

#create_disk(size, cloud_properties, server_id = nil) ⇒ String

Creates a new OpenStack volume



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 416

def create_disk(size, cloud_properties, server_id = nil)
  volume_service_client = connect_to_volume_service
  with_thread_name("create_disk(#{size}, #{cloud_properties}, #{server_id})") do
    raise ArgumentError, 'Disk size needs to be an integer' unless size.kind_of?(Integer)
    cloud_error('Minimum disk size is 1 GiB') if (size < 1024)

    volume_params = {
      :display_name => "volume-#{generate_unique_name}",
      :display_description => '',
      :size => (size / 1024.0).ceil
    }

    if cloud_properties.has_key?('type')
      volume_params[:volume_type] = cloud_properties['type']
    end

    if server_id  && @az_provider.constrain_to_server_availability_zone?
      server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
      if server && server.availability_zone
        volume_params[:availability_zone] = server.availability_zone
      end
    end

    @logger.info('Creating new volume...')
    new_volume = with_openstack { volume_service_client.volumes.create(volume_params) }

    @logger.info("Creating new volume `#{new_volume.id}'...")
    wait_resource(new_volume, :available)

    new_volume.id.to_s
  end
end

#create_stemcell(image_path, cloud_properties) ⇒ String

Creates a new OpenStack Image using stemcell image. It requires access to the OpenStack Glance service.

Options Hash (cloud_properties):

  • name (String) —

    Stemcell name

  • version (String) —

    Stemcell version

  • infrastructure (String) —

    Stemcell infraestructure

  • disk_format (String) —

    Image disk format

  • container_format (String) —

    Image container format

  • kernel_file (optional, String) —

    Name of the kernel image file provided at the stemcell archive

  • ramdisk_file (optional, String) —

    Name of the ramdisk image file provided at the stemcell archive



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 132

def create_stemcell(image_path, cloud_properties)
  with_thread_name("create_stemcell(#{image_path}...)") do
    begin
      Dir.mktmpdir do |tmp_dir|
        @logger.info('Creating new image...')
        image_params = {
          :name => "BOSH-#{generate_unique_name}",
          :disk_format => cloud_properties['disk_format'],
          :container_format => cloud_properties['container_format'],
          :is_public => @stemcell_public_visibility.nil? ? false : @stemcell_public_visibility,
        }

        image_properties = {}
        vanilla_options = ['name', 'version', 'os_type', 'os_distro', 'architecture', 'auto_disk_config',
                           'hw_vif_model', 'hypervisor_type', 'vmware_adaptertype', 'vmware_disktype',
                           'vmware_linked_clone', 'vmware_ostype']
        vanilla_options.reject{ |o| cloud_properties[o].nil? }.each do |key|
          image_properties[key.to_sym] = cloud_properties[key]
        end
        image_params[:properties] = image_properties unless image_properties.empty?

        # If image_location is set in cloud properties, then pass the copy-from parm. Then Glance will fetch it
        # from the remote location on a background job and store it in its repository.
        # Otherwise, unpack image to temp directory and upload to Glance the root image.
        if cloud_properties['image_location']
          @logger.info("Using remote image from `#{cloud_properties['image_location']}'...")
          image_params[:copy_from] = cloud_properties['image_location']
        else
          @logger.info("Extracting stemcell file to `#{tmp_dir}'...")
          unpack_image(tmp_dir, image_path)
          image_params[:location] = File.join(tmp_dir, 'root.img')
        end

        # Upload image using Glance service
        @logger.debug("Using image parms: `#{image_params.inspect}'")
        image = with_openstack { @glance.images.create(image_params) }

        @logger.info("Creating new image `#{image.id}'...")
        wait_resource(image, :active)

        image.id.to_s
      end
    rescue => e
      @logger.error(e)
      raise e
    end
  end
end

#create_vm(agent_id, stemcell_id, resource_pool, network_spec = nil, disk_locality = nil, environment = nil) ⇒ String

Creates an OpenStack server and waits until it’s in running state



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 217

def create_vm(agent_id, stemcell_id, resource_pool,
              network_spec = nil, disk_locality = nil, environment = nil)
  with_thread_name("create_vm(#{agent_id}, ...)") do
    @logger.info('Creating new server...')
    server_name = "vm-#{generate_unique_name}"

    network_configurator = NetworkConfigurator.new(network_spec)

    openstack_security_groups = with_openstack { @openstack.security_groups }.collect { |sg| sg.name }
    security_groups = network_configurator.security_groups(@default_security_groups)
    security_groups.each do |sg|
      cloud_error("Security group `#{sg}' not found") unless openstack_security_groups.include?(sg)
    end
    @logger.debug("Using security groups: `#{security_groups.join(', ')}'")

    nics = network_configurator.nics
    @logger.debug("Using NICs: `#{nics.join(', ')}'")

    image = nil
    begin
      Bosh::Common.retryable(@connect_retry_options) do |tries, error|
        @logger.error("Unable to connect to OpenStack API to find image: `#{stemcell_id} due to: #{error.inspect}") unless error.nil?
        image = with_openstack { @openstack.images.find { |i| i.id == stemcell_id } }
        cloud_error("Image `#{stemcell_id}' not found") if image.nil?
        @logger.debug("Using image: `#{stemcell_id}'")
      end
    rescue Bosh::Common::RetryCountExceeded, Excon::Errors::SocketError => e
      cloud_error("Unable to connect to OpenStack API to find image: `#{stemcell_id}'")
    end

    flavor = with_openstack { @openstack.flavors.find { |f| f.name == resource_pool['instance_type'] } }
    cloud_error("Flavor `#{resource_pool['instance_type']}' not found") if flavor.nil?
    if flavor_has_ephemeral_disk?(flavor)
      if flavor.ram
        # Ephemeral disk size should be at least the double of the vm total memory size, as agent will need:
        # - vm total memory size for swapon,
        # - the rest for /var/vcap/data
        min_ephemeral_size = (flavor.ram / 1024) * 2
        if flavor.ephemeral < min_ephemeral_size
          cloud_error("Flavor `#{resource_pool['instance_type']}' should have at least #{min_ephemeral_size}Gb " +
            'of ephemeral disk')
        end
      end
    end
    @logger.debug("Using flavor: `#{resource_pool['instance_type']}'")

    keyname = resource_pool['key_name'] || @default_key_name
    keypair = with_openstack { @openstack.key_pairs.find { |k| k.name == keyname } }
    cloud_error("Key-pair `#{keyname}' not found") if keypair.nil?
    @logger.debug("Using key-pair: `#{keypair.name}' (#{keypair.fingerprint})")

    use_config_drive = !!@openstack_properties.fetch("config_drive", nil)

    if resource_pool['scheduler_hints']
      @logger.debug("Using scheduler hints: `#{resource_pool['scheduler_hints']}'")
    end

    server_params = {
      :name => server_name,
      :image_ref => image.id,
      :flavor_ref => flavor.id,
      :key_name => keypair.name,
      :security_groups => security_groups,
      :os_scheduler_hints => resource_pool['scheduler_hints'],
      :nics => nics,
      :config_drive => use_config_drive,
      :user_data => Yajl::Encoder.encode(user_data(server_name, network_spec))
    }

    availability_zone = @az_provider.select(disk_locality, resource_pool['availability_zone'])
    server_params[:availability_zone] = availability_zone if availability_zone

    if @boot_from_volume
      boot_vol_size = flavor.disk * 1024

      boot_vol_id = create_boot_disk(boot_vol_size, stemcell_id, availability_zone, @boot_volume_cloud_properties)
      cloud_error("Failed to create boot volume.") if boot_vol_id.nil?
      @logger.debug("Using boot volume: `#{boot_vol_id}'")

      server_params[:block_device_mapping] = [{
                                               :volume_size => boot_vol_size,
                                               :volume_id => boot_vol_id,
                                               :delete_on_termination => "1",
                                               :device_name => "/dev/vda"
                                             }]
    end

    @logger.debug("Using boot parms: `#{server_params.inspect}'")
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.create(server_params) }

    @logger.info("Creating new server `#{server.id}'...")
    begin
      wait_resource(server, :active, :state)

      @logger.info("Configuring network for server `#{server.id}'...")
      network_configurator.configure(@openstack, server)
    rescue => e
      @logger.warn("Failed to create server: #{e.message}")
      destroy_server(server)
      raise Bosh::Clouds::VMCreationFailed.new(true), e.message
    end

    begin
      @logger.info("Updating settings for server `#{server.id}'...")
      settings = initial_agent_settings(server_name, agent_id, network_spec, environment,
                                        flavor_has_ephemeral_disk?(flavor))
      @registry.update_settings(server.name, settings)
    rescue => e
      @logger.warn("Failed to register server: #{e.message}")
      destroy_server(server)
      raise Bosh::Clouds::VMCreationFailed.new(false), e.message
    end

    server.id.to_s
  end
end

#delete_disk(disk_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Deletes an OpenStack volume

Raises:

  • (Bosh::Clouds::CloudError) —

    if disk is not in available state



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 505

def delete_disk(disk_id)
  with_thread_name("delete_disk(#{disk_id})") do
    @logger.info("Deleting volume `#{disk_id}'...")
    volume = with_openstack { @openstack.volumes.get(disk_id) }
    if volume
      state = volume.status
      if state.to_sym != :available
        cloud_error("Cannot delete volume `#{disk_id}', state is #{state}")
      end

      with_openstack { volume.destroy }
      wait_resource(volume, :deleted, :status, true)
    else
      @logger.info("Volume `#{disk_id}' not found. Skipping.")
    end
  end
end

#delete_snapshot(snapshot_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Deletes an OpenStack volume snapshot

Raises:

  • (Bosh::Clouds::CloudError) —

    if snapshot is not in available state



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 614

def delete_snapshot(snapshot_id)
  with_thread_name("delete_snapshot(#{snapshot_id})") do
    @logger.info("Deleting snapshot `#{snapshot_id}'...")
    snapshot = with_openstack { @openstack.snapshots.get(snapshot_id) }
    if snapshot
      state = snapshot.status
      if state.to_sym != :available
        cloud_error("Cannot delete snapshot `#{snapshot_id}', state is #{state}")
      end

      with_openstack { snapshot.destroy }
      wait_resource(snapshot, :deleted, :status, true)
    else
      @logger.info("Snapshot `#{snapshot_id}' not found. Skipping.")
    end
  end
end

#delete_stemcell(stemcell_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Deletes a stemcell



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 187

def delete_stemcell(stemcell_id)
  with_thread_name("delete_stemcell(#{stemcell_id})") do
    @logger.info("Deleting stemcell `#{stemcell_id}'...")
    image = with_openstack { @glance.images.find_by_id(stemcell_id) }
    if image
      with_openstack { image.destroy }
      @logger.info("Stemcell `#{stemcell_id}' is now deleted")
    else
      @logger.info("Stemcell `#{stemcell_id}' not found. Skipping.")
    end
  end
end

#delete_vm(server_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Terminates an OpenStack server and waits until it reports as terminated



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 339

def delete_vm(server_id)
  with_thread_name("delete_vm(#{server_id})") do
    @logger.info("Deleting server `#{server_id}'...")
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    if server
      with_openstack { server.destroy }
      wait_resource(server, [:terminated, :deleted], :state, true)

      @logger.info("Deleting settings for server `#{server.id}'...")
      @registry.delete_settings(server.name)
    else
      @logger.info("Server `#{server_id}' not found. Skipping.")
    end
  end
end

#detach_disk(server_id, disk_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Detaches an OpenStack volume from an OpenStack server



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 553

def detach_disk(server_id, disk_id)
  with_thread_name("detach_disk(#{server_id}, #{disk_id})") do
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    cloud_error("Server `#{server_id}' not found") unless server

    volume = with_openstack { @openstack.volumes.get(disk_id) }
    if volume.nil?
      @logger.info("Disk `#{disk_id}' not found while trying to detach it from vm `#{server_id}'...")
    else
      detach_volume(server, volume)
    end

    update_agent_settings(server) do |settings|
      settings['disks'] ||= {}
      settings['disks']['persistent'] ||= {}
      settings['disks']['persistent'].delete(disk_id)
    end
  end
end

#has_disk?(disk_id) ⇒ bool

Check whether an OpenStack volume exists or not



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 490

def has_disk?(disk_id)
  with_thread_name("has_disk?(#{disk_id})") do
    @logger.info("Check the presence of disk with id `#{disk_id}'...")
    volume = with_openstack { @openstack.volumes.get(disk_id) }

    !volume.nil?
  end
end

#has_vm?(server_id) ⇒ Boolean

Checks if an OpenStack server exists



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 360

def has_vm?(server_id)
  with_thread_name("has_vm?(#{server_id})") do
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    !server.nil? && ![:terminated, :deleted].include?(server.state.downcase.to_sym)
  end
end

#reboot_vm(server_id) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Reboots an OpenStack Server



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 372

def reboot_vm(server_id)
  with_thread_name("reboot_vm(#{server_id})") do
    server = with_openstack { @openstack.servers.get(server_id) }
    cloud_error("Server `#{server_id}' not found") unless server

    soft_reboot(server)
  end
end

#select_availability_zone(volumes, resource_pool_az) ⇒ String

Note:

this is a private method that is public to make it easier to test

Selects the availability zone to use from a list of disk volumes, resource pool availability zone (if any) and the default availability zone.



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 661

def select_availability_zone(volumes, resource_pool_az)
  @az_provider.select(volumes, resource_pool_az)
end

#set_vm_metadata(server_id, metadata) ⇒ void

This method returns an undefined value.

Set metadata for an OpenStack server



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 638

def set_vm_metadata(server_id, metadata)
  with_thread_name("set_vm_metadata(#{server_id}, ...)") do
    with_openstack do
      server = @openstack.servers.get(server_id)
      cloud_error("Server `#{server_id}' not found") unless server

      metadata.each do |name, value|
        TagManager.tag(server, name, value)
      end
    end
  end
end

#snapshot_disk(disk_id, metadata) ⇒ String

Takes a snapshot of an OpenStack volume

Raises:

  • (Bosh::Clouds::CloudError) —

    if volume is not found



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# File 'lib/cloud/openstack/cloud.rb', line 580

def snapshot_disk(disk_id, metadata)
  with_thread_name("snapshot_disk(#{disk_id})") do
    metadata = Hash[metadata.map{|key,value| [key.to_s, value] }]
    volume = with_openstack { @openstack.volumes.get(disk_id) }
    cloud_error("Volume `#{disk_id}' not found") unless volume

    devices = []
    volume.attachments.each { |attachment| devices << attachment['device'] unless attachment.empty? }

    description = ['deployment', 'job', 'index'].collect { |key| metadata[key] }
    description << devices.first.split('/').last unless devices.empty?
    snapshot_params = {
      :name => "snapshot-#{generate_unique_name}",
      :description => description.join('/'),
      :volume_id => volume.id
    }

    @logger.info("Creating new snapshot for volume `#{disk_id}'...")
    snapshot = @openstack.snapshots.new(snapshot_params)
    with_openstack { snapshot.save(true) }

    @logger.info("Creating new snapshot `#{snapshot.id}' for volume `#{disk_id}'...")
    wait_resource(snapshot, :available)

    snapshot.id.to_s
  end
end