Class: Array

Inherits:
Object show all
Defined in:
lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/wrap.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/uniq_by.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/grouping.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options.rb,
lib/active_support/core_ext/array/prepend_and_append.rb

Direct Known Subclasses

ActiveSupport::Callbacks::CallbackChain

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.wrap(object) ⇒ Object

Wraps its argument in an array unless it is already an array (or array-like).

Specifically:

  • If the argument is nil an empty list is returned.

  • Otherwise, if the argument responds to to_ary it is invoked, and its result returned.

  • Otherwise, returns an array with the argument as its single element.

    Array.wrap(nil)       # => []
Array.wrap([1, 2, 3]) # => [1, 2, 3]
Array.wrap(0)         # => [0]

This method is similar in purpose to Kernel#Array, but there are some differences:

  • If the argument responds to to_ary the method is invoked. Kernel#Array moves on to try to_a if the returned value is nil, but Array.wrap returns nil right away.

  • If the returned value from to_ary is neither nil nor an Array object, Kernel#Array raises an exception, while Array.wrap does not, it just returns the value.

  • It does not call to_a on the argument, but returns an empty array if argument is nil.

The second point is easily explained with some enumerables:

Array(foo: :bar)      # => [[:foo, :bar]]
Array.wrap(foo: :bar) # => [{:foo=>:bar}]

There’s also a related idiom that uses the splat operator:

[*object]

which returns [] for nil, but calls to Array(object) otherwise.

The differences with Kernel#Array explained above apply to the rest of objects.



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/wrap.rb', line 36

def self.wrap(object)
  if object.nil?
    []
  elsif object.respond_to?(:to_ary)
    object.to_ary || [object]
  else
    [object]
  end
end

Instance Method Details

#as_json(options = nil) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb', line 267

def as_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
  # use encoder as a proxy to call as_json on all elements, to protect from circular references
  encoder = options && options[:encoder] || ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding::Encoder.new(options)
  map { |v| encoder.as_json(v, options) }
end

#deep_dup ⇒ Object

Returns a deep copy of array.

array = [1, [2, 3]]
dup   = array.deep_dup
dup[1][2] = 4

array[1][2] #=> nil
dup[1][2]   #=> 4



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb', line 27

def deep_dup
  map { |it| it.deep_dup }
end

#encode_json(encoder) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb', line 273

def encode_json(encoder) #:nodoc:
  # we assume here that the encoder has already run as_json on self and the elements, so we run encode_json directly
  "[#{map { |v| v.encode_json(encoder) } * ','}]"
end

#extract_options! ⇒ Object

Extracts options from a set of arguments. Removes and returns the last element in the array if it’s a hash, otherwise returns a blank hash.

def options(*args)
  args.extract_options!
end

options(1, 2)        # => {}
options(1, 2, a: :b) # => {:a=>:b}



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options.rb', line 22

def extract_options!
  if last.is_a?(Hash) && last.extractable_options?
    pop
  else
    {}
  end
end

#fifth ⇒ Object

Equal to self[4].

%w( a b c d e ).fifth # => "e"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 46

def fifth
  self[4]
end

#forty_two ⇒ Object

Equal to self[41]. Also known as accessing “the reddit”.



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 51

def forty_two
  self[41]
end

#fourth ⇒ Object

Equal to self[3].

%w( a b c d e ).fourth # => "d"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 39

def fourth
  self[3]
end

#from(position) ⇒ Object

Returns the tail of the array from position.

%w( a b c d ).from(0)  # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
%w( a b c d ).from(2)  # => ["c", "d"]
%w( a b c d ).from(10) # => []
%w().from(0)           # => []



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 8

def from(position)
  self[position, length] || []
end

#in_groups(number, fill_with = nil) ⇒ Object

Splits or iterates over the array in number of groups, padding any remaining slots with fill_with unless it is false.

%w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups(3) {|group| p group}
["1", "2", "3", "4"]
["5", "6", "7", nil]
["8", "9", "10", nil]

%w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups(3, ' ') {|group| p group}
["1", "2", "3", "4"]
["5", "6", "7", " "]
["8", "9", "10", " "]

%w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7).in_groups(3, false) {|group| p group}
["1", "2", "3"]
["4", "5"]
["6", "7"]



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/grouping.rb', line 57

def in_groups(number, fill_with = nil)
  # size / number gives minor group size;
  # size % number gives how many objects need extra accommodation;
  # each group hold either division or division + 1 items.
  division = size.div number
  modulo = size % number

  # create a new array avoiding dup
  groups = []
  start = 0

  number.times do |index|
    length = division + (modulo > 0 && modulo > index ? 1 : 0)
    groups << last_group = slice(start, length)
    last_group << fill_with if fill_with != false &&
      modulo > 0 && length == division
    start += length
  end

  if block_given?
    groups.each { |g| yield(g) }
  else
    groups
  end
end

#in_groups_of(number, fill_with = nil) ⇒ Object

Splits or iterates over the array in groups of size number, padding any remaining slots with fill_with unless it is false.

%w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups_of(3) {|group| p group}
["1", "2", "3"]
["4", "5", "6"]
["7", "8", "9"]
["10", nil, nil]

%w(1 2 3 4 5).in_groups_of(2, '&nbsp;') {|group| p group}
["1", "2"]
["3", "4"]
["5", "&nbsp;"]

%w(1 2 3 4 5).in_groups_of(2, false) {|group| p group}
["1", "2"]
["3", "4"]
["5"]



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/grouping.rb', line 20

def in_groups_of(number, fill_with = nil)
  if fill_with == false
    collection = self
  else
    # size % number gives how many extra we have;
    # subtracting from number gives how many to add;
    # modulo number ensures we don't add group of just fill.
    padding = (number - size % number) % number
    collection = dup.concat([fill_with] * padding)
  end

  if block_given?
    collection.each_slice(number) { |slice| yield(slice) }
  else
    groups = []
    collection.each_slice(number) { |group| groups << group }
    groups
  end
end

#second ⇒ Object

Equal to self[1].

%w( a b c d e ).second # => "b"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 25

def second
  self[1]
end

#split(value = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Divides the array into one or more subarrays based on a delimiting value or the result of an optional block.

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].split(3)              # => [[1, 2], [4, 5]]
(1..10).to_a.split { |i| i % 3 == 0 } # => [[1, 2], [4, 5], [7, 8], [10]]



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/grouping.rb', line 88

def split(value = nil, &block)
  inject([[]]) do |results, element|
    if block && block.call(element) || value == element
      results << []
    else
      results.last << element
    end

    results
  end
end

#third ⇒ Object

Equal to self[2].

%w( a b c d e ).third # => "c"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 32

def third
  self[2]
end

#to(position) ⇒ Object

Returns the beginning of the array up to position.

%w( a b c d ).to(0)  # => ["a"]
%w( a b c d ).to(2)  # => ["a", "b", "c"]
%w( a b c d ).to(10) # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
%w().to(0)           # => []



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb', line 18

def to(position)
  first position + 1
end

#to_formatted_s(format = :default) ⇒ Object Also known as: to_s

Converts a collection of elements into a formatted string by calling to_s on all elements and joining them. Having this model:

class Blog < ActiveRecord::Base
  def to_s
    title
  end
end

Blog.all.map(&:title) #=> ["First Post", "Second Post", "Third post"]

to_formatted_s shows us:

Blog.all.to_formatted_s # => "First PostSecond PostThird Post"

Adding in the :db argument as the format yields a comma separated id list:

Blog.all.to_formatted_s(:db) # => "1,2,3"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb', line 104

def to_formatted_s(format = :default)
  case format
  when :db
    if empty?
      'null'
    else
      collect { |element| element.id }.join(',')
    end
  else
    to_default_s
  end
end

#to_param ⇒ Object

Calls to_param on all its elements and joins the result with slashes. This is used by url_for in Action Pack.



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb', line 32

def to_param
  collect { |e| e.to_param }.join '/'
end

#to_query(key) ⇒ Object

Converts an array into a string suitable for use as a URL query string, using the given key as the param name.

['Rails', 'coding'].to_query('hobbies') # => "hobbies%5B%5D=Rails&hobbies%5B%5D=coding"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb', line 19

def to_query(key)
  prefix = "#{key}[]"
  collect { |value| value.to_query(prefix) }.join '&'
end

#to_sentence(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Converts the array to a comma-separated sentence where the last element is joined by the connector word.

You can pass the following options to change the default behavior. If you pass an option key that doesn’t exist in the list below, it will raise an ArgumentError.

Options

  • :words_connector - The sign or word used to join the elements in arrays with two or more elements (default: “, ”).

  • :two_words_connector - The sign or word used to join the elements in arrays with two elements (default: “ and ”).

  • :last_word_connector - The sign or word used to join the last element in arrays with three or more elements (default: “, and ”).

  • :locale - If i18n is available, you can set a locale and use the connector options defined on the ‘support.array’ namespace in the corresponding dictionary file.

Examples

[].to_sentence                      # => ""
['one'].to_sentence                 # => "one"
['one', 'two'].to_sentence          # => "one and two"
['one', 'two', 'three'].to_sentence # => "one, two, and three"

['one', 'two'].to_sentence(passing: 'invalid option')
# => ArgumentError: Unknown key :passing

['one', 'two'].to_sentence(two_words_connector: '-')
# => "one-two"

['one', 'two', 'three'].to_sentence(words_connector: ' or ', last_word_connector: ' or at least ')
# => "one or two or at least three"

Using :locale option:

# Given this locale dictionary:
#
#   es:
#     support:
#       array:
#         words_connector: " o "
#         two_words_connector: " y "
#         last_word_connector: " o al menos "

['uno', 'dos'].to_sentence(locale: :es)
# => "uno y dos"

['uno', 'dos', 'tres'].to_sentence(locale: :es)
# => "uno o dos o al menos tres"



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb', line 59

def to_sentence(options = {})
  options.assert_valid_keys(:words_connector, :two_words_connector, :last_word_connector, :locale)

  default_connectors = {
    :words_connector     => ', ',
    :two_words_connector => ' and ',
    :last_word_connector => ', and '
  }
  if defined?(I18n)
    i18n_connectors = I18n.translate(:'support.array', locale: options[:locale], default: {})
    default_connectors.merge!(i18n_connectors)
  end
  options = default_connectors.merge!(options)

  case length
  when 0
    ''
  when 1
    self[0].to_s.dup
  when 2
    "#{self[0]}#{options[:two_words_connector]}#{self[1]}"
  else
    "#{self[0...-1].join(options[:words_connector])}#{options[:last_word_connector]}#{self[-1]}"
  end
end

#to_xml(options = {}) ⇒ Object

Returns a string that represents the array in XML by invoking to_xml on each element. Active Record collections delegate their representation in XML to this method.

All elements are expected to respond to to_xml, if any of them does not then an exception is raised.

The root node reflects the class name of the first element in plural if all elements belong to the same type and that’s not Hash:

customer.projects.to_xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projects type="array">
  <project>
    <amount type="decimal">20000.0</amount>
    <customer-id type="integer">1567</customer-id>
    <deal-date type="date">2008-04-09</deal-date>
    ...
  </project>
  <project>
    <amount type="decimal">57230.0</amount>
    <customer-id type="integer">1567</customer-id>
    <deal-date type="date">2008-04-15</deal-date>
    ...
  </project>
</projects>

Otherwise the root element is “objects”:

[{ foo: 1, bar: 2}, { baz: 3}].to_xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<objects type="array">
  <object>
    <bar type="integer">2</bar>
    <foo type="integer">1</foo>
  </object>
  <object>
    <baz type="integer">3</baz>
  </object>
</objects>

If the collection is empty the root element is “nil-classes” by default:

[].to_xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<nil-classes type="array"/>

To ensure a meaningful root element use the :root option:

customer_with_no_projects.projects.to_xml(root: 'projects')

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projects type="array"/>

By default name of the node for the children of root is root.singularize. You can change it with the :children option.

The options hash is passed downwards:

Message.all.to_xml(skip_types: true)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<messages>
  <message>
    <created-at>2008-03-07T09:58:18+01:00</created-at>
    <id>1</id>
    <name>1</name>
    <updated-at>2008-03-07T09:58:18+01:00</updated-at>
    <user-id>1</user-id>
  </message>
</messages>



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb', line 194

def to_xml(options = {})
  require 'active_support/builder' unless defined?(Builder)

  options = options.dup
  options[:indent]  ||= 2
  options[:builder] ||= Builder::XmlMarkup.new(indent: options[:indent])
  options[:root]    ||= \
    if first.class != Hash && all? { |e| e.is_a?(first.class) }
      underscored = ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(first.class.name)
      ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(underscored).tr('/', '_')
    else
      'objects'
    end

  builder = options[:builder]
  builder.instruct! unless options.delete(:skip_instruct)

  root = ActiveSupport::XmlMini.rename_key(options[:root].to_s, options)
  children = options.delete(:children) || root.singularize
  attributes = options[:skip_types] ? {} : { type: 'array' }

  if empty?
    builder.tag!(root, attributes)
  else
    builder.tag!(root, attributes) do
      each { |value| ActiveSupport::XmlMini.to_tag(children, value, options) }
      yield builder if block_given?
    end
  end
end

#uniq_by(&block) ⇒ Object

DEPRECATED: Use Array#uniq instead.

Returns a unique array based on the criteria in the block.

[1, 2, 3, 4].uniq_by { |i| i.odd? } # => [1, 2]



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/uniq_by.rb', line 7

def uniq_by(&block)
  ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn 'uniq_by is deprecated. Use Array#uniq instead'
  uniq(&block)
end

#uniq_by!(&block) ⇒ Object

DEPRECATED: Use Array#uniq! instead.

Same as uniq_by, but modifies self.



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# File 'lib/active_support/core_ext/array/uniq_by.rb', line 15

def uniq_by!(&block)
  ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn 'uniq_by! is deprecated. Use Array#uniq! instead'
  uniq!(&block)
end