Module: ActiveRecord::Validations::ClassMethods
- Defined in:
- lib/active_record/validations.rb
Overview
All of the following validations are defined in the class scope of the model that you’re interested in validating. They offer a more declarative way of specifying when the model is valid and when it is not. It is recommended to use these over the low-level calls to validate and validate_on_create when possible.
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#validates_acceptance_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate the acceptance of a terms of service check box (or similar agreement).
-
#validates_associated(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the associated object or objects are all themselves valid.
-
#validates_confirmation_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate a password or email address field with a confirmation.
-
#validates_format_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression provided.
-
#validates_inclusion_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is available in a particular enumerable object.
-
#validates_length_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates that the specified attribute matches the length restrictions supplied.
-
#validates_presence_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates that the specified attributes are neither nil nor empty.
-
#validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique across the system.
Instance Method Details
#validates_acceptance_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate the acceptance of a terms of service check box (or similar agreement). Example:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_acceptance_of :terms_of_service
validates_acceptance_of :eula, :message => "must be abided"
end
The terms_of_service attribute is entirely virtual. No database column is needed. This check is performed only if terms_of_service is not nil and by default on save.
Configuration options:
-
message
- A custom error message (default is: “can’t be empty”) -
on
- Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
NOTE: The agreement is considered valid if it’s set to the string “1”. This makes it easy to relate it to an HTML checkbox.
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 108 def validates_acceptance_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:accepted], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) for attr_name in attr_names attr_accessor(attr_name) class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add('#{attr_name}', '#{configuration[:message]}') unless #{attr_name}.nil? or #{attr_name} == "1"})) end end |
#validates_associated(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the associated object or objects are all themselves valid. Works with any kind of assocation.
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :pages
belongs_to :library
validates_associated :pages, :library
end
Warning: If, after the above definition, you then wrote:
class Page < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :book
validates_associated :book
end
this would specify a circular dependency and cause infinite recursion. The Rails team recommends against this practice.
Configuration options:
-
on
Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 296 def validates_associated(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:invalid], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) for attr_name in attr_names class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{ errors.add("#{attr_name}", "#{configuration[:message]}") unless (#{attr_name}.is_a?(Array) ? #{attr_name} : [#{attr_name}]).inject(true){ |memo, record| memo and (record.nil? or record.valid?) } })) end end |
#validates_confirmation_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate a password or email address field with a confirmation. Example:
Model:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_confirmation_of :user_name, :password
validates_confirmation_of :email_address, :message => "should match confirmation"
end
View:
<%= password_field "person", "password" %>
<%= password_field "person", "password_confirmation" %>
The person has to already have a password attribute (a column in the people table), but the password_confirmation is virtual. It exists only as an in-memory variable for validating the password. This check is performed only if password_confirmation is not nil and by default on save.
Configuration options:
-
message
- A custom error message (default is: “doesn’t match confirmation”) -
on
- Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 83 def validates_confirmation_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:confirmation], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) for attr_name in attr_names attr_accessor "#{attr_name}_confirmation" class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add('#{attr_name}', "#{configuration[:message]}") unless #{attr_name}_confirmation.nil? or #{attr_name} == #{attr_name}_confirmation})) end end |
#validates_format_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression provided.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/, :on => :create
end
A regular expression must be provided or else an exception will be raised.
Configuration options:
-
message
- A custom error message (default is: “is invalid”) -
with
- The regular expression used to validate the format with (note: must be supplied!) -
on
Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 236 def validates_format_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:invalid], :on => :save, :with => nil } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) raise(ArgumentError, "A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash") unless configuration[:with].is_a?(Regexp) for attr_name in attr_names class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add("#{attr_name}", "#{configuration[:message]}") unless #{attr_name} and #{attr_name}.to_s.match(/#{Regexp.quote(configuration[:with].source)}/)})) end end |
#validates_inclusion_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is available in a particular enumerable object.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_inclusion_of :gender, :in=>%w( m f ), :message=>"woah! what are you then!??!!"
validates_inclusion_of :age, :in=>0..99
end
Configuration options:
-
in
- An enumerable object of available items -
message
- Specifieds a customer error message (default is: “is not included in the list”) -
allows_nil
- If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is null (default is: false)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 258 def validates_inclusion_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:inclusion], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) enum = configuration[:in] || configuration[:within] allow_nil = configuration[:allow_nil] raise(ArgumentError, "An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash") unless enum.respond_to?("include?") for attr_name in attr_names if allow_nil class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add("#{attr_name}", "#{configuration[:message]}") unless #{attr_name}.nil? or (#{enum.inspect}).include?(#{attr_name}) })) else class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add("#{attr_name}", "#{configuration[:message]}") unless (#{enum.inspect}).include?(#{attr_name}) })) end end end |
#validates_length_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates that the specified attribute matches the length restrictions supplied. Only one option can be used at a time:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_length_of :first_name, :maximum=>30
validates_length_of :last_name, :maximum=>30, :message=>"less than %d if you don't mind"
validates_length_of :user_name, :within => 6..20, :too_long => "pick a shorter name", :too_short => "pick a longer name"
validates_length_of :fav_bra_size, :minimum=>1, :too_short=>"please enter at least %d character"
validates_length_of :smurf_leader, :is=>4, :message=>"papa is spelled with %d characters... don't play me."
end
Configuration options:
-
minimum
- The minimum size of the attribute -
maximum
- The maximum size of the attribute -
is
- The exact size of the attribute -
within
- A range specifying the minimum and maximum size of the attribute -
in
- A synonym(or alias) for :within -
too_long
- The error message if the attribute goes over the maximum (default is: “is too long (max is %d characters)”) -
too_short
- The error message if the attribute goes under the minimum (default is: “is too short (min is %d characters)”) -
wrong_length
- The error message if using the :is method and the attribute is the wrong size (default is: “is the wrong length (should be %d characters)”) -
message
- The error message to use for a :minimum, :maximum, or :is violation. An alias of the appropriate too_long/too_short/wrong_length message -
on
- Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 154 def validates_length_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :too_long => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:too_long], :too_short => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:too_short], :wrong_length => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:wrong_length], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) # you must use one of 4 options, :within, :maximum, :minimum, or :is within = configuration[:within] || configuration[:in] maximum = configuration[:maximum] minimum = configuration[:minimum] is = configuration[:is] raise(ArgumentError, "The :within, :maximum, :minimum, or :is options must be passed in the configuration hash") unless within or maximum or minimum or is # but not more than 1 of them at a time = 0 += 1 if within += 1 if maximum += 1 if minimum += 1 if is raise(ArgumentError, "The :within, :maximum, :minimum, and :is options are mutually exclusive") if > 1 option_to_use = within || maximum || minimum || is for attr_name in attr_names if within raise(ArgumentError, "The :within option must be a Range") unless within.kind_of?(Range) class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add_on_boundary_breaking('#{attr_name}', #{within}, "#{configuration[:too_long]}", "#{configuration[:too_short]}")})) elsif maximum raise(ArgumentError, "The :maximum option must be a Fixnum") unless maximum.kind_of?(Fixnum) msg = configuration[:message] || configuration[:too_long] msg = (msg % maximum) rescue msg class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add( '#{attr_name}', '#{msg}') if #{attr_name}.to_s.length > #{maximum} })) elsif minimum raise(ArgumentError, "The :minimum option must be a Fixnum") unless minimum.kind_of?(Fixnum) msg = configuration[:message] || configuration[:too_short] msg = (msg % minimum) rescue msg class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add( '#{attr_name}', '#{msg}') if #{attr_name}.to_s.length < #{minimum} })) else raise(ArgumentError, "The :is option must be a Fixnum") unless is.kind_of?(Fixnum) msg = configuration[:message] || configuration[:wrong_length] msg = (msg % is) rescue msg class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add( '#{attr_name}', '#{msg}') if #{attr_name}.to_s.length != #{is} })) end end end |
#validates_presence_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates that the specified attributes are neither nil nor empty. Happens by default on save.
Configuration options:
-
message
- A custom error message (default is: “has already been taken”) -
on
- Specifies when this validation is active (default is :save, other options :create, :update)
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 123 def validates_presence_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:empty], :on => :save } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) for attr_name in attr_names class_eval(%(#{validation_method(configuration[:on])} %{errors.add_on_empty('#{attr_name}', "#{configuration[:message]}")})) end end |
#validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names) ⇒ Object
Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique across the system. Useful for making sure that only one user can be named “davidhh”.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_uniqueness_of :user_name, :scope => "account_id"
end
When the record is created, a check is performed to make sure that no record exist in the database with the given value for the specified attribute (that maps to a column). When the record is updated, the same check is made but disregarding the record itself.
Configuration options:
-
message
- Specifies a custom error message (default is: “has already been taken”) -
scope
- Ensures that the uniqueness is restricted to a condition of “scope = record.scope”
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# File 'lib/active_record/validations.rb', line 210 def validates_uniqueness_of(*attr_names) configuration = { :message => ActiveRecord::Errors.[:taken] } configuration.update(attr_names.pop) if attr_names.last.is_a?(Hash) for attr_name in attr_names if scope = configuration[:scope] class_eval(%(validate %{errors.add('#{attr_name}', '#{configuration[:message]}') if self.class.find_first(new_record? ? ['#{attr_name} = ? AND #{scope} = ?', #{attr_name}, #{scope}] : ["#{attr_name} = ? AND \\\#{self.class.primary_key} <> ? AND #{scope} = ?", #{attr_name}, id, #{scope}])})) else class_eval(%(validate %{errors.add('#{attr_name}', '#{configuration[:message]}') if self.class.find_first(new_record? ? ['#{attr_name} = ?', #{attr_name}] : ["#{attr_name} = ? AND \\\#{self.class.primary_key} <> ?", #{attr_name}, id])})) end end end |