Class: Object
Constant Summary collapse
- NIL =
Qnil
- TRUE =
Qtrue
- FALSE =
Qfalse
- RUBY_VERSION =
v
- RUBY_RELEASE_DATE =
d
- RUBY_PLATFORM =
p
- RUBY_PATCHLEVEL =
INT2FIX(RUBY_PATCHLEVEL)
- VERSION =
obsolete constants
v
- RELEASE_DATE =
d
- PLATFORM =
p
- MatchingData =
rb_cMatch
- STDIN =
constants to hold original stdin/stdout/stderr
rb_stdin
- STDOUT =
rb_stdout
- STDERR =
rb_stderr
- ARGF =
argf
- DATA =
f
- ARGV =
rb_argv
- TOPLEVEL_BINDING =
rb_f_binding(ruby_top_self)
- ENV =
envtbl
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#== ⇒ Object
Equality---At the
Object
level,==
returnstrue
only if obj and other are the same object. -
#===(other) ⇒ Boolean
Case Equality---For class
Object
, effectively the same as calling#==
, but typically overridden by descendents to provide meaningful semantics incase
statements. -
#=~(other) ⇒ false
Pattern Match---Overridden by descendents (notably
Regexp
andString
) to provide meaningful pattern-match semantics. -
#__id__ ⇒ Object
call-seq: obj.__id__ => fixnum obj.object_id => fixnum.
-
#__send__ ⇒ Object
Invokes the method identified by symbol, passing it any arguments specified.
-
#class ⇒ Class
Returns the class of obj, now preferred over
Object#type
, as an object's type in Ruby is only loosely tied to that object's class. -
#clone ⇒ Object
Produces a shallow copy of obj---the instance variables of obj are copied, but not the objects they reference.
-
#display(port = $>) ⇒ nil
Prints obj on the given port (default
$>
). -
#dup ⇒ Object
Produces a shallow copy of obj---the instance variables of obj are copied, but not the objects they reference.
-
#eql? ⇒ Object
Equality---At the
Object
level,==
returnstrue
only if obj and other are the same object. -
#equal? ⇒ Object
Equality---At the
Object
level,==
returnstrue
only if obj and other are the same object. -
#extend ⇒ Object
Adds to obj the instance methods from each module given as a parameter.
-
#freeze ⇒ Object
Prevents further modifications to obj.
-
#frozen? ⇒ Boolean
Returns the freeze status of obj.
-
#hash ⇒ Fixnum
Generates a
Fixnum
hash value for this object. -
#id ⇒ Fixnum
Soon-to-be deprecated version of
Object#object_id
. -
#initialize ⇒ Object
constructor
Not documented.
-
#initialize_copy ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#inspect ⇒ String
Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj.
-
#instance_eval ⇒ Object
Evaluates a string containing Ruby source code, or the given block, within the context of the receiver (obj).
-
#instance_of? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if obj is an instance of the given class. -
#instance_variable_defined?(symbol) ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the given instance variable is defined in obj. -
#instance_variable_get(symbol) ⇒ Object
Returns the value of the given instance variable, or nil if the instance variable is not set.
-
#instance_variable_set(symbol, obj) ⇒ Object
Sets the instance variable names by symbol to object, thereby frustrating the efforts of the class's author to attempt to provide proper encapsulation.
-
#instance_variables ⇒ Array
Returns an array of instance variable names for the receiver.
-
#is_a? ⇒ Object
Returns
true
if class is the class of obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of obj or modules included in obj. -
#kind_of? ⇒ Object
Returns
true
if class is the class of obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of obj or modules included in obj. -
#method(sym) ⇒ Object
Looks up the named method as a receiver in obj, returning a
Method
object (or raisingNameError
). -
#methods ⇒ Array
Returns a list of the names of methods publicly accessible in obj.
-
#nil? ⇒ Object
call_seq: nil.nil? => true <anything_else>.nil? => false.
-
#object_id ⇒ Object
Returns an integer identifier for obj.
-
#private_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of private methods accessible to obj.
-
#protected_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of protected methods accessible to obj.
-
#public_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of public methods accessible to obj.
-
#remove_instance_variable(symbol) ⇒ Object
Removes the named instance variable from obj, returning that variable's value.
-
#respond_to?(symbol, include_private = false) ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
> if obj responds to the given method. -
#send ⇒ Object
Invokes the method identified by symbol, passing it any arguments specified.
-
#singleton_method_added(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is added to the receiver.
-
#singleton_method_removed(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is removed from the receiver.
-
#singleton_method_undefined(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is undefined in the receiver.
-
#singleton_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns an array of the names of singleton methods for obj.
-
#taint ⇒ Object
Marks obj as tainted---if the
$SAFE
level is set appropriately, many method calls which might alter the running programs environment will refuse to accept tainted strings. -
#tainted? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the object is tainted. -
#to_a ⇒ Array
Returns an array representation of obj.
-
#to_s ⇒ String
Returns a string representing obj.
-
#type ⇒ Class
Deprecated synonym for
Object#class
. -
#untaint ⇒ Object
Removes the taint from obj.
Methods included from Kernel
#Array, #Float, #Integer, #String, #`, #abort, #at_exit, #autoload, #autoload?, #binding, #block_given?, #callcc, #caller, #catch, #chomp, #chomp!, #chop, #chop!, #eval, #exec, #exit, #exit!, #fail, #fork, #format, #getc, #gets, #global_variables, #gsub, #gsub!, #iterator?, #lambda, #load, #local_variables, #loop, #method_missing, #open, #p, #print, #printf, #proc, #putc, #puts, #raise, #rand, #readline, #readlines, #require, #scan, #select, #set_trace_func, #sleep, #split, #sprintf, #srand, #sub, #sub!, #syscall, #system, #test, #throw, #trace_var, #trap, #untrace_var, #warn
Constructor Details
Dynamic Method Handling
This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method in the class Kernel
Instance Method Details
#==(other) ⇒ Boolean #equal?(other) ⇒ Boolean #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Equality---At the Object
level, ==
returns true
only if obj and other are the same object. Typically, this method is overridden in descendent classes to provide class-specific meaning.
Unlike ==
, the equal?
method should never be overridden by subclasses: it is used to determine object identity (that is, a.equal?(b)
iff a
is the same object as b
).
The eql?
method returns true
if
<i>obj</i> and <i>anObject</i> have the
same value. Used by Hash
to test members for equality. For objects of class Object
, eql?
is synonymous with ==
. Subclasses normally continue this tradition, but there are exceptions. Numeric
types, for example, perform type conversion across ==
, but not across eql?
, so:
1 == 1.0 #=> true
1.eql? 1.0 #=> false
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_equal(obj1, obj2)
VALUE obj1, obj2;
{
if (obj1 == obj2) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#===(other) ⇒ Boolean
Case Equality---For class Object
, effectively the same as calling #==
, but typically overridden by descendents to provide meaningful semantics in case
statements.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_equal(obj1, obj2)
VALUE obj1, obj2;
{
VALUE result;
if (obj1 == obj2) return Qtrue;
result = rb_funcall(obj1, id_eq, 1, obj2);
if (RTEST(result)) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#=~(other) ⇒ false
Pattern Match---Overridden by descendents (notably Regexp
and String
) to provide meaningful pattern-match semantics.
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_pattern_match(obj1, obj2)
VALUE obj1, obj2;
{
return Qfalse;
}
|
#__id__ ⇒ Object
call-seq:
obj.__id__ => fixnum
obj.object_id => fixnum
Returns an integer identifier for obj. The same number will be returned on all calls to id
for a given object, and no two active objects will share an id. Object#object_id
is a different concept from the :name
notation, which returns the symbol id of name
. Replaces the deprecated Object#id
.
|
# File 'gc.c'
/*
* call-seq:
* obj.hash => fixnum
*
* Generates a <code>Fixnum</code> hash value for this object. This
* function must have the property that <code>a.eql?(b)</code> implies
* <code>a.hash == b.hash</code>. The hash value is used by class
* <code>Hash</code>. Any hash value that exceeds the capacity of a
* <code>Fixnum</code> will be truncated before being used.
*/
VALUE
rb_obj_id(VALUE obj)
{
/*
* 32-bit VALUE space
* MSB ------------------------ LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol ssssssssssssssssssssssss00001110
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo00 = 0 (mod sizeof(RVALUE))
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1
*
* object_id space
* LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol 000SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0 S...S % A = 4 (S...S = s...s * A + 4)
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo0 o...o % A = 0
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1 bignum if required
*
* where A = sizeof(RVALUE)/4
*
* sizeof(RVALUE) is
* 20 if 32-bit, double is 4-byte aligned
* 24 if 32-bit, double is 8-byte aligned
* 40 if 64-bit
*/
if (TYPE(obj) == T_SYMBOL) {
return (SYM2ID(obj) * sizeof(RVALUE) + (4 << 2)) | FIXNUM_FLAG;
}
|
#send(symbol[, args...]) ⇒ Object #__send__(symbol[, args...]) ⇒ Object
Invokes the method identified by symbol, passing it any arguments specified. You can use _\send_
if the name send
clashes with an existing method in obj.
class Klass
def hello(*args)
"Hello " + args.join(' ')
end
end
k = Klass.new
k.send :hello, "gentle", "readers" #=> "Hello gentle readers"
|
# File 'eval.c'
static VALUE
rb_f_send(argc, argv, recv)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE recv;
{
VALUE vid;
if (argc == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no method name given");
vid = *argv++; argc--;
PUSH_ITER(rb_block_given_p()?ITER_PRE:ITER_NOT);
vid = rb_call(CLASS_OF(recv), recv, rb_to_id(vid), argc, argv, 1, Qundef);
POP_ITER();
return vid;
}
|
#class ⇒ Class
Returns the class of obj, now preferred over Object#type
, as an object's type in Ruby is only loosely tied to that object's class. This method must always be called with an explicit receiver, as class
is also a reserved word in Ruby.
1.class #=> Fixnum
self.class #=> Object
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_class(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
return rb_class_real(CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#clone ⇒ Object
Produces a shallow copy of obj---the instance variables of obj are copied, but not the objects they reference. Copies the frozen and tainted state of obj. See also the discussion under Object#dup
.
class Klass
attr_accessor :str
end
s1 = Klass.new #=> #<Klass:0x401b3a38>
s1.str = "Hello" #=> "Hello"
s2 = s1.clone #=> #<Klass:0x401b3998 @str="Hello">
s2.str[1,4] = "i" #=> "i"
s1.inspect #=> "#<Klass:0x401b3a38 @str=\"Hi\">"
s2.inspect #=> "#<Klass:0x401b3998 @str=\"Hi\">"
This method may have class-specific behavior. If so, that behavior will be documented under the #initialize_copy
method of the class.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_clone(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
VALUE clone;
if (rb_special_const_p(obj)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't clone %s", rb_obj_classname(obj));
}
|
#display(port = $>) ⇒ nil
Prints obj on the given port (default $>
). Equivalent to:
def display(port=$>)
port.write self
end
For example:
1.display
"cat".display
[ 4, 5, 6 ].display
puts
produces:
1cat456
|
# File 'io.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_display(argc, argv, self)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE self;
{
VALUE out;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &out) == 0) {
out = rb_stdout;
}
|
#dup ⇒ Object
Produces a shallow copy of obj---the instance variables of obj are copied, but not the objects they reference. dup
copies the tainted state of obj. See also the discussion under Object#clone
. In general, clone
and dup
may have different semantics in descendent classes. While clone
is used to duplicate an object, including its internal state, dup
typically uses the class of the descendent object to create the new instance.
This method may have class-specific behavior. If so, that behavior will be documented under the #initialize_copy
method of the class.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_dup(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
VALUE dup;
if (rb_special_const_p(obj)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't dup %s", rb_obj_classname(obj));
}
|
#==(other) ⇒ Boolean #equal?(other) ⇒ Boolean #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Equality---At the Object
level, ==
returns true
only if obj and other are the same object. Typically, this method is overridden in descendent classes to provide class-specific meaning.
Unlike ==
, the equal?
method should never be overridden by subclasses: it is used to determine object identity (that is, a.equal?(b)
iff a
is the same object as b
).
The eql?
method returns true
if
<i>obj</i> and <i>anObject</i> have the
same value. Used by Hash
to test members for equality. For objects of class Object
, eql?
is synonymous with ==
. Subclasses normally continue this tradition, but there are exceptions. Numeric
types, for example, perform type conversion across ==
, but not across eql?
, so:
1 == 1.0 #=> true
1.eql? 1.0 #=> false
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_equal(obj1, obj2)
VALUE obj1, obj2;
{
if (obj1 == obj2) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#==(other) ⇒ Boolean #equal?(other) ⇒ Boolean #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Equality---At the Object
level, ==
returns true
only if obj and other are the same object. Typically, this method is overridden in descendent classes to provide class-specific meaning.
Unlike ==
, the equal?
method should never be overridden by subclasses: it is used to determine object identity (that is, a.equal?(b)
iff a
is the same object as b
).
The eql?
method returns true
if
<i>obj</i> and <i>anObject</i> have the
same value. Used by Hash
to test members for equality. For objects of class Object
, eql?
is synonymous with ==
. Subclasses normally continue this tradition, but there are exceptions. Numeric
types, for example, perform type conversion across ==
, but not across eql?
, so:
1 == 1.0 #=> true
1.eql? 1.0 #=> false
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_equal(obj1, obj2)
VALUE obj1, obj2;
{
if (obj1 == obj2) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#extend ⇒ Object
Adds to obj the instance methods from each module given as a parameter.
module Mod
def hello
"Hello from Mod.\n"
end
end
class Klass
def hello
"Hello from Klass.\n"
end
end
k = Klass.new
k.hello #=> "Hello from Klass.\n"
k.extend(Mod) #=> #<Klass:0x401b3bc8>
k.hello #=> "Hello from Mod.\n"
|
# File 'eval.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_extend(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
int i;
if (argc == 0) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (0 for 1)");
}
|
#freeze ⇒ Object
Prevents further modifications to obj. A TypeError
will be raised if modification is attempted. There is no way to unfreeze a frozen object. See also Object#frozen?
.
a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.freeze
a << "z"
produces:
prog.rb:3:in `<<': can't modify frozen array (TypeError)
from prog.rb:3
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_freeze(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
if (!OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) {
if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) {
rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't freeze object");
}
|
#frozen? ⇒ Boolean
Returns the freeze status of obj.
a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
a.freeze #=> ["a", "b", "c"]
a.frozen? #=> true
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_frozen_p(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#hash ⇒ Fixnum
Generates a Fixnum
hash value for this object. This function must have the property that a.eql?(b)
implies a.hash == b.hash
. The hash value is used by class Hash
. Any hash value that exceeds the capacity of a Fixnum
will be truncated before being used.
|
# File 'gc.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_id(VALUE obj)
{
/*
* 32-bit VALUE space
* MSB ------------------------ LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol ssssssssssssssssssssssss00001110
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo00 = 0 (mod sizeof(RVALUE))
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1
*
* object_id space
* LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol 000SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0 S...S % A = 4 (S...S = s...s * A + 4)
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo0 o...o % A = 0
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1 bignum if required
*
* where A = sizeof(RVALUE)/4
*
* sizeof(RVALUE) is
* 20 if 32-bit, double is 4-byte aligned
* 24 if 32-bit, double is 8-byte aligned
* 40 if 64-bit
*/
if (TYPE(obj) == T_SYMBOL) {
return (SYM2ID(obj) * sizeof(RVALUE) + (4 << 2)) | FIXNUM_FLAG;
}
|
#id ⇒ Fixnum
Soon-to-be deprecated version of Object#object_id
.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_id_obsolete(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
rb_warn("Object#id will be deprecated; use Object#object_id");
return rb_obj_id(obj);
}
|
#initialize_copy ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_init_copy(obj, orig)
VALUE obj, orig;
{
if (obj == orig) return obj;
rb_check_frozen(obj);
if (TYPE(obj) != TYPE(orig) || rb_obj_class(obj) != rb_obj_class(orig)) {
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "initialize_copy should take same class object");
}
|
#inspect ⇒ String
Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of obj. If not overridden, uses the to_s
method to generate the string.
[ 1, 2, 3..4, 'five' ].inspect #=> "[1, 2, 3..4, \"five\"]"
Time.new.inspect #=> "Wed Apr 09 08:54:39 CDT 2003"
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_inspect(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
if (TYPE(obj) == T_OBJECT
&& ROBJECT(obj)->iv_tbl
&& ROBJECT(obj)->iv_tbl->num_entries > 0) {
VALUE str;
size_t len;
char *c;
c = rb_obj_classname(obj);
if (rb_inspecting_p(obj)) {
len = strlen(c)+10+16+1;
str = rb_str_new(0, len); /* 10:tags 16:addr 1:nul */
snprintf(RSTRING(str)->ptr, len, "#<%s:0x%lx ...>", c, obj);
RSTRING(str)->len = strlen(RSTRING(str)->ptr);
return str;
}
|
#instance_eval(string[, filename [, lineno]]) ⇒ Object #instance_eval {|| ... } ⇒ Object
Evaluates a string containing Ruby source code, or the given block, within the context of the receiver (obj). In order to set the context, the variable self
is set to obj while the code is executing, giving the code access to obj's instance variables. In the version of instance_eval
that takes a String
, the optional second and third parameters supply a filename and starting line number that are used when reporting compilation errors.
class Klass
def initialize
@secret = 99
end
end
k = Klass.new
k.instance_eval { @secret } #=> 99
|
# File 'eval.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_instance_eval(argc, argv, self)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE self;
{
VALUE klass;
if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(self)) {
klass = Qnil;
}
|
#instance_of? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if obj is an instance of the given class. See also Object#kind_of?
.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_is_instance_of(obj, c)
VALUE obj, c;
{
switch (TYPE(c)) {
case T_MODULE:
case T_CLASS:
case T_ICLASS:
break;
default:
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class or module required");
}
|
#instance_variable_defined?(symbol) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the given instance variable is defined in obj.
class Fred
def initialize(p1, p2)
@a, @b = p1, p2
end
end
fred = Fred.new('cat', 99)
fred.instance_variable_defined?(:@a) #=> true
fred.instance_variable_defined?("@b") #=> true
fred.instance_variable_defined?("@c") #=> false
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_ivar_defined(obj, iv)
VALUE obj, iv;
{
ID id = rb_to_id(iv);
if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) {
rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not allowed as an instance variable name", rb_id2name(id));
}
|
#instance_variable_get(symbol) ⇒ Object
Returns the value of the given instance variable, or nil if the instance variable is not set. The @
part of the variable name should be included for regular instance variables. Throws a NameError
exception if the supplied symbol is not valid as an instance variable name.
class Fred
def initialize(p1, p2)
@a, @b = p1, p2
end
end
fred = Fred.new('cat', 99)
fred.instance_variable_get(:@a) #=> "cat"
fred.instance_variable_get("@b") #=> 99
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_ivar_get(obj, iv)
VALUE obj, iv;
{
ID id = rb_to_id(iv);
if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) {
rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not allowed as an instance variable name", rb_id2name(id));
}
|
#instance_variable_set(symbol, obj) ⇒ Object
Sets the instance variable names by symbol to object, thereby frustrating the efforts of the class's author to attempt to provide proper encapsulation. The variable did not have to exist prior to this call.
class Fred
def initialize(p1, p2)
@a, @b = p1, p2
end
end
fred = Fred.new('cat', 99)
fred.instance_variable_set(:@a, 'dog') #=> "dog"
fred.instance_variable_set(:@c, 'cat') #=> "cat"
fred.inspect #=> "#<Fred:0x401b3da8 @a=\"dog\", @b=99, @c=\"cat\">"
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_ivar_set(obj, iv, val)
VALUE obj, iv, val;
{
ID id = rb_to_id(iv);
if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) {
rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not allowed as an instance variable name", rb_id2name(id));
}
|
#instance_variables ⇒ Array
Returns an array of instance variable names for the receiver. Note that simply defining an accessor does not create the corresponding instance variable.
class Fred
attr_accessor :a1
def initialize
@iv = 3
end
end
Fred.new.instance_variables #=> ["@iv"]
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_instance_variables(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
VALUE ary;
ary = rb_ary_new();
switch (TYPE(obj)) {
case T_OBJECT:
case T_CLASS:
case T_MODULE:
if (ROBJECT(obj)->iv_tbl) {
st_foreach_safe(ROBJECT(obj)->iv_tbl, ivar_i, ary);
}
|
#is_a? ⇒ Boolean #kind_of? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if class is the class of obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of obj or modules included in obj.
module M; end
class A
include M
end
class B < A; end
class C < B; end
b = B.new
b.instance_of? A #=> false
b.instance_of? B #=> true
b.instance_of? C #=> false
b.instance_of? M #=> false
b.kind_of? A #=> true
b.kind_of? B #=> true
b.kind_of? C #=> false
b.kind_of? M #=> true
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, c)
VALUE obj, c;
{
VALUE cl = CLASS_OF(obj);
switch (TYPE(c)) {
case T_MODULE:
case T_CLASS:
case T_ICLASS:
break;
default:
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class or module required");
}
|
#is_a? ⇒ Boolean #kind_of? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if class is the class of obj, or if class is one of the superclasses of obj or modules included in obj.
module M; end
class A
include M
end
class B < A; end
class C < B; end
b = B.new
b.instance_of? A #=> false
b.instance_of? B #=> true
b.instance_of? C #=> false
b.instance_of? M #=> false
b.kind_of? A #=> true
b.kind_of? B #=> true
b.kind_of? C #=> false
b.kind_of? M #=> true
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, c)
VALUE obj, c;
{
VALUE cl = CLASS_OF(obj);
switch (TYPE(c)) {
case T_MODULE:
case T_CLASS:
case T_ICLASS:
break;
default:
rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class or module required");
}
|
#method(sym) ⇒ Object
Looks up the named method as a receiver in obj, returning a Method
object (or raising NameError
). The Method
object acts as a closure in obj's object instance, so instance variables and the value of self
remain available.
class Demo
def initialize(n)
@iv = n
end
def hello()
"Hello, @iv = #{@iv}"
end
end
k = Demo.new(99)
m = k.method(:hello)
m.call #=> "Hello, @iv = 99"
l = Demo.new('Fred')
m = l.method("hello")
m.call #=> "Hello, @iv = Fred"
|
# File 'eval.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_method(obj, vid)
VALUE obj;
VALUE vid;
{
return mnew(CLASS_OF(obj), obj, rb_to_id(vid), rb_cMethod);
}
|
#methods ⇒ Array
Returns a list of the names of methods publicly accessible in obj. This will include all the methods accessible in obj's ancestors.
class Klass
def kMethod()
end
end
k = Klass.new
k.methods[0..9] #=> ["kMethod", "freeze", "nil?", "is_a?",
"class", "instance_variable_set",
"methods", "extend", "__send__", "instance_eval"]
k.methods.length #=> 42
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_methods(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
retry:
if (argc == 0) {
VALUE args[1];
args[0] = Qtrue;
return rb_class_instance_methods(1, args, CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#nil? ⇒ Object
call_seq:
nil.nil? => true
<anything_else>.nil? => false
Only the object nil responds true
to nil?
.
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_false(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
return Qfalse;
}
|
#__id__ ⇒ Fixnum #object_id ⇒ Fixnum
Returns an integer identifier for obj. The same number will be returned on all calls to id
for a given object, and no two active objects will share an id. Object#object_id
is a different concept from the :name
notation, which returns the symbol id of name
. Replaces the deprecated Object#id
.
|
# File 'gc.c'
/*
* call-seq:
* obj.hash => fixnum
*
* Generates a <code>Fixnum</code> hash value for this object. This
* function must have the property that <code>a.eql?(b)</code> implies
* <code>a.hash == b.hash</code>. The hash value is used by class
* <code>Hash</code>. Any hash value that exceeds the capacity of a
* <code>Fixnum</code> will be truncated before being used.
*/
VALUE
rb_obj_id(VALUE obj)
{
/*
* 32-bit VALUE space
* MSB ------------------------ LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol ssssssssssssssssssssssss00001110
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo00 = 0 (mod sizeof(RVALUE))
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1
*
* object_id space
* LSB
* false 00000000000000000000000000000000
* true 00000000000000000000000000000010
* nil 00000000000000000000000000000100
* undef 00000000000000000000000000000110
* symbol 000SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0 S...S % A = 4 (S...S = s...s * A + 4)
* object oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo0 o...o % A = 0
* fixnum fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff1 bignum if required
*
* where A = sizeof(RVALUE)/4
*
* sizeof(RVALUE) is
* 20 if 32-bit, double is 4-byte aligned
* 24 if 32-bit, double is 8-byte aligned
* 40 if 64-bit
*/
if (TYPE(obj) == T_SYMBOL) {
return (SYM2ID(obj) * sizeof(RVALUE) + (4 << 2)) | FIXNUM_FLAG;
}
|
#private_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of private methods accessible to obj. If the all parameter is set to false
, only those methods in the receiver will be listed.
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_private_methods(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
if (argc == 0) { /* hack to stop warning */
VALUE args[1];
args[0] = Qtrue;
return rb_class_private_instance_methods(1, args, CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#protected_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of protected methods accessible to obj. If the all parameter is set to false
, only those methods in the receiver will be listed.
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_protected_methods(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
if (argc == 0) { /* hack to stop warning */
VALUE args[1];
args[0] = Qtrue;
return rb_class_protected_instance_methods(1, args, CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#public_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns the list of public methods accessible to obj. If the all parameter is set to false
, only those methods in the receiver will be listed.
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_obj_public_methods(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
if (argc == 0) { /* hack to stop warning */
VALUE args[1];
args[0] = Qtrue;
return rb_class_public_instance_methods(1, args, CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#remove_instance_variable(symbol) ⇒ Object
Removes the named instance variable from obj, returning that variable's value.
class Dummy
attr_reader :var
def initialize
@var = 99
end
def remove
remove_instance_variable(:@var)
end
end
d = Dummy.new
d.var #=> 99
d.remove #=> 99
d.var #=> nil
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_remove_instance_variable(obj, name)
VALUE obj, name;
{
VALUE val = Qnil;
ID id = rb_to_id(name);
if (!OBJ_TAINTED(obj) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't modify instance variable");
if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) rb_error_frozen("object");
if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) {
rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not allowed as an instance variable name", rb_id2name(id));
}
|
#respond_to?(symbol, include_private = false) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
> if obj responds to the given method. Private methods are included in the search only if the optional second parameter evaluates to true
.
|
# File 'eval.c'
static VALUE
obj_respond_to(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
VALUE mid, priv;
ID id;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &mid, &priv);
id = rb_to_id(mid);
if (rb_method_boundp(CLASS_OF(obj), id, !RTEST(priv))) {
return Qtrue;
}
|
#send(symbol[, args...]) ⇒ Object #__send__(symbol[, args...]) ⇒ Object
Invokes the method identified by symbol, passing it any arguments specified. You can use _\send_
if the name send
clashes with an existing method in obj.
class Klass
def hello(*args)
"Hello " + args.join(' ')
end
end
k = Klass.new
k.send :hello, "gentle", "readers" #=> "Hello gentle readers"
|
# File 'eval.c'
static VALUE
rb_f_send(argc, argv, recv)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE recv;
{
VALUE vid;
if (argc == 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no method name given");
vid = *argv++; argc--;
PUSH_ITER(rb_block_given_p()?ITER_PRE:ITER_NOT);
vid = rb_call(CLASS_OF(recv), recv, rb_to_id(vid), argc, argv, 1, Qundef);
POP_ITER();
return vid;
}
|
#singleton_method_added(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is added to the receiver.
module Chatty
def Chatty.singleton_method_added(id)
puts "Adding #{id.id2name}"
end
def self.one() end
def two() end
def Chatty.three() end
end
produces:
Adding singleton_method_added
Adding one
Adding three
|
# File 'object.c'
/*
* Not documented
*/
static VALUE
rb_obj_dummy()
{
return Qnil;
}
|
#singleton_method_removed(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is removed from the receiver.
module Chatty
def Chatty.singleton_method_removed(id)
puts "Removing #{id.id2name}"
end
def self.one() end
def two() end
def Chatty.three() end
class <<self
remove_method :three
remove_method :one
end
end
produces:
Removing three
Removing one
|
# File 'object.c'
/*
* Not documented
*/
static VALUE
rb_obj_dummy()
{
return Qnil;
}
|
#singleton_method_undefined(symbol) ⇒ Object
Invoked as a callback whenever a singleton method is undefined in the receiver.
module Chatty
def Chatty.singleton_method_undefined(id)
puts "Undefining #{id.id2name}"
end
def Chatty.one() end
class << self
undef_method(:one)
end
end
produces:
Undefining one
|
# File 'object.c'
/*
* Not documented
*/
static VALUE
rb_obj_dummy()
{
return Qnil;
}
|
#singleton_methods(all = true) ⇒ Array
Returns an array of the names of singleton methods for obj. If the optional all parameter is true, the list will include methods in modules included in obj.
module Other
def three() end
end
class Single
def Single.four() end
end
a = Single.new
def a.one()
end
class << a
include Other
def two()
end
end
Single.singleton_methods #=> ["four"]
a.singleton_methods(false) #=> ["two", "one"]
a.singleton_methods #=> ["two", "one", "three"]
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_singleton_methods(argc, argv, obj)
int argc;
VALUE *argv;
VALUE obj;
{
VALUE recur, ary, klass;
st_table *list;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &recur);
if (argc == 0) {
recur = Qtrue;
}
|
#taint ⇒ Object
Marks obj as tainted---if the $SAFE
level is set appropriately, many method calls which might alter the running programs environment will refuse to accept tainted strings.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_taint(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
rb_secure(4);
if (!OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) {
if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) {
rb_error_frozen("object");
}
|
#tainted? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the object is tainted.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_tainted(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
if (OBJ_TAINTED(obj))
return Qtrue;
return Qfalse;
}
|
#to_a ⇒ Array
Returns an array representation of obj. For objects of class Object
and others that don't explicitly override the method, the return value is an array containing self
. However, this latter behavior will soon be obsolete.
self.to_a #=> -:1: warning: default `to_a' will be obsolete
"hello".to_a #=> ["hello"]
Time.new.to_a #=> [39, 54, 8, 9, 4, 2003, 3, 99, true, "CDT"]
|
# File 'object.c'
static VALUE
rb_any_to_a(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
rb_warn("default `to_a' will be obsolete");
return rb_ary_new3(1, obj);
}
|
#to_s ⇒ String
Returns a string representing obj. The default to_s
prints the object's class and an encoding of the object id. As a special case, the top-level object that is the initial execution context of Ruby programs returns "main."
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_any_to_s(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
char *cname = rb_obj_classname(obj);
size_t len;
VALUE str;
len = strlen(cname)+6+16;
str = rb_str_new(0, len); /* 6:tags 16:addr */
snprintf(RSTRING(str)->ptr, len+1, "#<%s:0x%lx>", cname, obj);
RSTRING(str)->len = strlen(RSTRING(str)->ptr);
if (OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) OBJ_TAINT(str);
return str;
}
|
#type ⇒ Class
Deprecated synonym for Object#class
.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_type(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
rb_warn("Object#type is deprecated; use Object#class");
return rb_class_real(CLASS_OF(obj));
}
|
#untaint ⇒ Object
Removes the taint from obj.
|
# File 'object.c'
VALUE
rb_obj_untaint(obj)
VALUE obj;
{
rb_secure(3);
if (OBJ_TAINTED(obj)) {
if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) {
rb_error_frozen("object");
}
|