Class: TZInfo::Timezone

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Comparable
Defined in:
lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb

Overview

Timezone is the base class of all timezones. It provides a factory method get to access timezones by identifier. Once a specific Timezone has been retrieved, DateTimes, Times and timestamps can be converted between the UTC and the local time for the zone. For example:

tz = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/New_York')
puts tz.utc_to_local(DateTime.new(2005,8,29,15,35,0)).to_s
puts tz.local_to_utc(Time.utc(2005,8,29,11,35,0)).to_s
puts tz.utc_to_local(1125315300).to_s

Each time conversion method returns an object of the same type it was passed.

The timezone information all comes from the tz database (see www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm)

Direct Known Subclasses

InfoTimezone, TimezoneProxy

Constant Summary collapse

@@loaded_zones =

Cache of loaded zones by identifier to avoid using require if a zone has already been loaded.

{}
@@index_loaded =

Whether the timezones index has been loaded yet.

false

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

._load(data) ⇒ Object

Loads a marshalled Timezone.



489
490
491
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 489

def self._load(data)
  Timezone.get(data)
end

.allObject

Returns an array containing all the available Timezones.

Returns TimezoneProxy objects to avoid the overhead of loading Timezone definitions until a conversion is actually required.



138
139
140
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 138

def self.all
  get_proxies(all_identifiers)
end

.all_country_zone_identifiersObject

Returns all the zone identifiers defined for all Countries. This is not the complete set of zone identifiers as some are not country specific (e.g. ‘Etc/GMT’). You can obtain a Timezone instance for a given identifier with the get method.



197
198
199
200
201
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 197

def self.all_country_zone_identifiers
  Country.all_codes.inject([]) {|zones,country|
    zones += Country.get(country).zone_identifiers
  }
end

.all_country_zonesObject

Returns all the Timezones defined for all Countries. This is not the complete set of Timezones as some are not country specific (e.g. ‘Etc/GMT’).

Returns TimezoneProxy objects to avoid the overhead of loading Timezone definitions until a conversion is actually required.



187
188
189
190
191
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 187

def self.all_country_zones
  Country.all_codes.inject([]) {|zones,country|
    zones += Country.get(country).zones
  }
end

.all_data_zone_identifiersObject

Returns an array containing the identifiers of all the available Timezones that are based on data (are not links to other Timezones)..



160
161
162
163
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 160

def self.all_data_zone_identifiers
  load_index
  Indexes::Timezones.data_timezones
end

.all_data_zonesObject

Returns an array containing all the available Timezones that are based on data (are not links to other Timezones).

Returns TimezoneProxy objects to avoid the overhead of loading Timezone definitions until a conversion is actually required.



154
155
156
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 154

def self.all_data_zones
  get_proxies(all_data_zone_identifiers)
end

.all_identifiersObject

Returns an array containing the identifiers of all the available Timezones.



144
145
146
147
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 144

def self.all_identifiers
  load_index
  Indexes::Timezones.timezones
end

.all_linked_zone_identifiersObject

Returns an array containing the identifiers of all the available Timezones that are links to other Timezones.



176
177
178
179
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 176

def self.all_linked_zone_identifiers
  load_index
  Indexes::Timezones.linked_timezones
end

.all_linked_zonesObject

Returns an array containing all the available Timezones that are links to other Timezones.

Returns TimezoneProxy objects to avoid the overhead of loading Timezone definitions until a conversion is actually required.



170
171
172
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 170

def self.all_linked_zones
  get_proxies(all_linked_zone_identifiers)      
end

.get(identifier) ⇒ Object

Returns a timezone by its identifier (e.g. “Europe/London”, “America/Chicago” or “UTC”).

Raises InvalidTimezoneIdentifier if the timezone couldn’t be found.



78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 78

def self.get(identifier)
  instance = @@loaded_zones[identifier]
  unless instance  
    raise InvalidTimezoneIdentifier, 'Invalid identifier' if identifier !~ /^[A-z0-9\+\-_]+(\/[A-z0-9\+\-_]+)*$/
    identifier = identifier.gsub(/-/, '__m__').gsub(/\+/, '__p__')
    begin
      # Use a temporary variable to avoid an rdoc warning
      file = "tzinfo/definitions/#{identifier}"
      require file
      
      m = Definitions
      identifier.split(/\//).each {|part|
        m = m.const_get(part)
      }
      
      info = m.get
      
      # Could make Timezone subclasses register an interest in an info
      # type. Since there are currently only two however, there isn't
      # much point.
      if info.kind_of?(DataTimezoneInfo)
        instance = DataTimezone.new(info)
      elsif info.kind_of?(LinkedTimezoneInfo)
        instance = LinkedTimezone.new(info)
      else
        raise InvalidTimezoneIdentifier, "No handler for info type #{info.class}"
      end
      
      @@loaded_zones[instance.identifier] = instance         
    rescue LoadError, NameError => e
      raise InvalidTimezoneIdentifier, e.message
    end
  end
  
  instance
end

.get_proxy(identifier) ⇒ Object

Returns a proxy for the Timezone with the given identifier. The proxy will cause the real timezone to be loaded when an attempt is made to find a period or convert a time. get_proxy will not validate the identifier. If an invalid identifier is specified, no exception will be raised until the proxy is used.



120
121
122
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 120

def self.get_proxy(identifier)
  TimezoneProxy.new(identifier)
end

.new(identifier = nil) ⇒ Object

If identifier is nil calls super(), otherwise calls get. An identfier should always be passed in when called externally.



126
127
128
129
130
131
132
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 126

def self.new(identifier = nil)
  if identifier        
    get(identifier)
  else
    super()
  end
end

.us_zone_identifiersObject

Returns all US zone identifiers. A shortcut for TZInfo::Country.get(‘US’).zone_identifiers.



214
215
216
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 214

def self.us_zone_identifiers
  Country.get('US').zone_identifiers
end

.us_zonesObject

Returns all US Timezone instances. A shortcut for TZInfo::Country.get(‘US’).zones.

Returns TimezoneProxy objects to avoid the overhead of loading Timezone definitions until a conversion is actually required.



208
209
210
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 208

def self.us_zones
  Country.get('US').zones
end

Instance Method Details

#<=>(tz) ⇒ Object

Compares two Timezones based on their identifier. Returns -1 if tz is less than self, 0 if tz is equal to self and +1 if tz is greater than self.



468
469
470
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 468

def <=>(tz)
  identifier <=> tz.identifier
end

#_dump(limit) ⇒ Object

Dumps this Timezone for marshalling.



484
485
486
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 484

def _dump(limit)
  identifier
end

#current_periodObject

Returns the TimezonePeriod for the current time.



430
431
432
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 430

def current_period
  period_for_utc(Time.now.utc)
end

#current_period_and_timeObject Also known as: current_time_and_period

Returns the current Time and TimezonePeriod as an array. The first element is the time, the second element is the period.



436
437
438
439
440
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 436

def current_period_and_time
  utc = Time.now.utc
  period = period_for_utc(utc)
  [period.to_local(utc), period]
end

#eql?(tz) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if and only if the identifier of tz is equal to the identifier of this Timezone.

Returns:

  • (Boolean)


474
475
476
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 474

def eql?(tz)
  self == tz
end

#friendly_identifier(skip_first_part = false) ⇒ Object

Returns a friendlier version of the identifier. Set skip_first_part to omit the first part of the identifier (typically a region name) where there is more than one part.

For example:

Timezone.get('Europe/Paris').friendly_identifier(false)          #=> "Europe - Paris"
Timezone.get('Europe/Paris').friendly_identifier(true)           #=> "Paris"
Timezone.get('America/Indiana/Knox').friendly_identifier(false)  #=> "America - Knox, Indiana"
Timezone.get('America/Indiana/Knox').friendly_identifier(true)   #=> "Knox, Indiana"


249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 249

def friendly_identifier(skip_first_part = false)
  parts = identifier.split('/')
  if parts.empty?
    # shouldn't happen
    identifier
  elsif parts.length == 1        
    parts[0]
  else
    if skip_first_part
      result = ''
    else
      result = parts[0] + ' - '
    end
    
    parts[1, parts.length - 1].reverse_each {|part|
      part.gsub!(/_/, ' ')
      
      if part.index(/[a-z]/)
        # Missing a space if a lower case followed by an upper case and the
        # name isn't McXxxx.
        part.gsub!(/([^M][a-z])([A-Z])/, '\1 \2')
        part.gsub!(/([M][a-bd-z])([A-Z])/, '\1 \2')
        
        # Missing an apostrophe if two consecutive upper case characters.
        part.gsub!(/([A-Z])([A-Z])/, '\1\'\2')
      end
      
      result << part
      result << ', '
    }
    
    result.slice!(result.length - 2, 2)
    result
  end
end

#hashObject

Returns a hash of this Timezone.



479
480
481
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 479

def hash
  identifier.hash
end

#identifierObject

The identifier of the timezone, e.g. “Europe/Paris”.

Raises:



219
220
221
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 219

def identifier
  raise UnknownTimezone, 'TZInfo::Timezone constructed directly'
end

#inspectObject

Returns internal object state as a programmer-readable string.



235
236
237
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 235

def inspect
  "#<#{self.class}: #{identifier}>"
end

#local_to_utc(local, dst = nil) ⇒ Object

Converts a time in the local timezone to UTC. local can either be a DateTime, Time or timestamp (Time.to_i). The returned time has the same type as local. Any timezone information in local is ignored (it is treated as a local time).

Warning: There are local times that have no equivalent UTC times (e.g. in the transition from standard time to daylight savings time). There are also local times that have more than one UTC equivalent (e.g. in the transition from daylight savings time to standard time).

In the first case (no equivalent UTC time), a PeriodNotFound exception will be raised.

In the second case (more than one equivalent UTC time), an AmbiguousTime exception will be raised unless the optional dst parameter or block handles the ambiguity.

If the ambiguity is due to a transition from daylight savings time to standard time, the dst parameter can be used to select whether the daylight savings time or local time is used. For example,

Timezone.get('America/New_York').local_to_utc(DateTime.new(2004,10,31,1,30,0))

would raise an AmbiguousTime exception.

Specifying dst=true would return 2004-10-31 5:30:00. Specifying dst=false would return 2004-10-31 6:30:00.

If the dst parameter does not resolve the ambiguity, and a block is specified, it is called. The block must take a single parameter - an array of the periods that need to be resolved. The block can return a single period to use to convert the time or return nil or an empty array to cause an AmbiguousTime exception to be raised.



412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 412

def local_to_utc(local, dst = nil)
  TimeOrDateTime.wrap(local) {|wrapped|
    if block_given?
      period = period_for_local(wrapped, dst) {|periods| yield periods }
    else
      period = period_for_local(wrapped, dst)
    end
    
    period.to_utc(wrapped)
  }
end

#nameObject

An alias for identifier.



224
225
226
227
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 224

def name
  # Don't use alias, as identifier gets overridden.
  identifier
end

#nowObject

Returns the current time in the timezone as a Time.



425
426
427
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 425

def now
  utc_to_local(Time.now.utc)
end

#period_for_local(local, dst = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the TimezonePeriod for the given local time. local can either be a DateTime, Time or integer timestamp (Time.to_i). Any timezone information in local is ignored (it is treated as a time in the current timezone).

Warning: There are local times that have no equivalent UTC times (e.g. in the transition from standard time to daylight savings time). There are also local times that have more than one UTC equivalent (e.g. in the transition from daylight savings time to standard time).

In the first case (no equivalent UTC time), a PeriodNotFound exception will be raised.

In the second case (more than one equivalent UTC time), an AmbiguousTime exception will be raised unless the optional dst parameter or block handles the ambiguity.

If the ambiguity is due to a transition from daylight savings time to standard time, the dst parameter can be used to select whether the daylight savings time or local time is used. For example,

Timezone.get('America/New_York').period_for_local(DateTime.new(2004,10,31,1,30,0))

would raise an AmbiguousTime exception.

Specifying dst=true would the daylight savings period from April to October 2004. Specifying dst=false would return the standard period from October 2004 to April 2005.

If the dst parameter does not resolve the ambiguity, and a block is specified, it is called. The block must take a single parameter - an array of the periods that need to be resolved. The block can select and return a single period or return nil or an empty array to cause an AmbiguousTime exception to be raised.



334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 334

def period_for_local(local, dst = nil)            
  results = periods_for_local(local)
  
  if results.empty?
    raise PeriodNotFound
  elsif results.size < 2
    results.first
  else
    # ambiguous result try to resolve
    
    if !dst.nil?
      matches = results.find_all {|period| period.dst? == dst}
      results = matches if !matches.empty?            
    end
    
    if results.size < 2
      results.first
    else
      # still ambiguous, try the block
                
      if block_given?
        results = yield results
      end
      
      if results.is_a?(TimezonePeriod)
        results
      elsif results && results.size == 1
        results.first
      else          
        raise AmbiguousTime, "#{local} is an ambiguous local time."
      end
    end
  end      
end

#period_for_utc(utc) ⇒ Object

Returns the TimezonePeriod for the given UTC time. utc can either be a DateTime, Time or integer timestamp (Time.to_i). Any timezone information in utc is ignored (it is treated as a UTC time).

Raises:



288
289
290
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 288

def period_for_utc(utc)            
  raise UnknownTimezone, 'TZInfo::Timezone constructed directly'      
end

#periods_for_local(local) ⇒ Object

Returns the set of TimezonePeriod instances that are valid for the given local time as an array. If you just want a single period, use period_for_local instead and specify how ambiguities should be resolved. Returns an empty array if no periods are found for the given time.

Raises:



296
297
298
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 296

def periods_for_local(local)
  raise UnknownTimezone, 'TZInfo::Timezone constructed directly'
end

#strftime(format, utc = Time.now.utc) ⇒ Object

Converts a time in UTC to local time and returns it as a string according to the given format. The formatting is identical to Time.strftime and DateTime.strftime, except %Z is replaced with the timezone abbreviation for the specified time (for example, EST or EDT).



448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 448

def strftime(format, utc = Time.now.utc)      
  period = period_for_utc(utc)
  local = period.to_local(utc)      
  local = Time.at(local).utc unless local.kind_of?(Time) || local.kind_of?(DateTime)
  abbreviation = period.abbreviation.to_s.gsub(/%/, '%%')
  
  format = format.gsub(/(.?)%Z/) do
    if $1 == '%'
      # return %%Z so the real strftime treats it as a literal %Z too
      '%%Z'
    else
      "#$1#{abbreviation}"
    end
  end
  
  local.strftime(format)
end

#to_sObject

Returns a friendlier version of the identifier.



230
231
232
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 230

def to_s
  friendly_identifier
end

#utc_to_local(utc) ⇒ Object

Converts a time in UTC to the local timezone. utc can either be a DateTime, Time or timestamp (Time.to_i). The returned time has the same type as utc. Any timezone information in utc is ignored (it is treated as a UTC time).



373
374
375
376
377
# File 'lib/tzinfo/timezone.rb', line 373

def utc_to_local(utc)
  TimeOrDateTime.wrap(utc) {|wrapped|
    period_for_utc(wrapped).to_local(wrapped)
  }
end