Module: Sinatra::Helpers

Included in:
Base
Defined in:
lib/sinatra/base.rb

Overview

Methods available to routes, before/after filters, and views.

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Stream

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#attachment(filename = nil) ⇒ Object

Set the Content-Disposition to “attachment” with the specified filename, instructing the user agents to prompt to save.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 220

def attachment(filename=nil)
  response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment'
  if filename
    params = '; filename="%s"' % File.basename(filename)
    response['Content-Disposition'] << params
    ext = File.extname(filename)
    content_type(ext) unless response['Content-Type'] or ext.empty?
  end
end

#back ⇒ Object

Sugar for redirect (example: redirect back)



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 448

def back
  request.referer
end

#body(value = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Set or retrieve the response body. When a block is given, evaluation is deferred until the body is read with #each.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 120

def body(value=nil, &block)
  if block_given?
    def block.each; yield(call) end
    response.body = block
  elsif value
    response.body = value
  else
    response.body
  end
end

#cache_control(*values) ⇒ Object

Specify response freshness policy for HTTP caches (Cache-Control header). Any number of non-value directives (:public, :private, :no_cache, :no_store, :must_revalidate, :proxy_revalidate) may be passed along with a Hash of value directives (:max_age, :min_stale, :s_max_age).

cache_control :public, :must_revalidate, :max_age => 60
=> Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate, max-age=60

See RFC 2616 / 14.9 for more on standard cache control directives: tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.1



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 341

def cache_control(*values)
  if values.last.kind_of?(Hash)
    hash = values.pop
    hash.reject! { |k,v| v == false }
    hash.reject! { |k,v| values << k if v == true }
  else
    hash = {}
  end

  values.map! { |value| value.to_s.tr('_','-') }
  hash.each do |key, value|
    key = key.to_s.tr('_', '-')
    value = value.to_i if key == "max-age"
    values << [key, value].join('=')
  end

  response['Cache-Control'] = values.join(', ') if values.any?
end

#client_error? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 4xx

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 468

def client_error?
  status.between? 400, 499
end

#content_type(type = nil, params = {}) ⇒ Object

Set the Content-Type of the response body given a media type or file extension.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 201

def content_type(type = nil, params={})
  return response['Content-Type'] unless type
  default = params.delete :default
  mime_type = mime_type(type) || default
  fail "Unknown media type: %p" % type if mime_type.nil?
  mime_type = mime_type.dup
  unless params.include? :charset or settings.add_charset.all? { |p| not p === mime_type }
    params[:charset] = params.delete('charset') || settings.default_encoding
  end
  params.delete :charset if mime_type.include? 'charset'
  unless params.empty?
    mime_type << (mime_type.include?(';') ? ', ' : ';')
    mime_type << params.map { |kv| kv.join('=') }.join(', ')
  end
  response['Content-Type'] = mime_type
end

#error(code, body = nil) ⇒ Object

Halt processing and return the error status provided.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 167

def error(code, body=nil)
  code, body    = 500, code.to_str if code.respond_to? :to_str
  response.body = body unless body.nil?
  halt code
end

#etag(value, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Set the response entity tag (HTTP ‘ETag’ header) and halt if conditional GET matches. The value argument is an identifier that uniquely identifies the current version of the resource. The kind argument indicates whether the etag should be used as a :strong (default) or :weak cache validator.

When the current request includes an ‘If-None-Match’ header with a matching etag, execution is immediately halted. If the request method is GET or HEAD, a ‘304 Not Modified’ response is sent.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 422

def etag(value, options = {})
  # Before touching this code, please double check RFC 2616 14.24 and 14.26.
  options      = {:kind => options} unless Hash === options
  kind         = options[:kind] || :strong
  new_resource = options.fetch(:new_resource) { request.post? }

  unless [:strong, :weak].include?(kind)
    raise ArgumentError, ":strong or :weak expected"
  end

  value = '"%s"' % value
  value = 'W/' + value if kind == :weak
  response['ETag'] = value

  if success? or status == 304
    if etag_matches? env['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH'], new_resource
      halt(request.safe? ? 304 : 412)
    end

    if env['HTTP_IF_MATCH']
      halt 412 unless etag_matches? env['HTTP_IF_MATCH'], new_resource
    end
  end
end

#expires(amount, *values) ⇒ Object

Set the Expires header and Cache-Control/max-age directive. Amount can be an integer number of seconds in the future or a Time object indicating when the response should be considered “stale”. The remaining “values” arguments are passed to the #cache_control helper:

expires 500, :public, :must_revalidate
=> Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate, max-age=60
=> Expires: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 08:50:17 GMT



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 369

def expires(amount, *values)
  values << {} unless values.last.kind_of?(Hash)

  if amount.is_a? Integer
    time    = Time.now + amount.to_i
    max_age = amount
  else
    time    = time_for amount
    max_age = time - Time.now
  end

  values.last.merge!(:max_age => max_age)
  cache_control(*values)

  response['Expires'] = time.httpdate
end

#headers(hash = nil) ⇒ Object

Set multiple response headers with Hash.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 179

def headers(hash=nil)
  response.headers.merge! hash if hash
  response.headers
end

#informational? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 1xx

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 453

def informational?
  status.between? 100, 199
end

#last_modified(time) ⇒ Object

Set the last modified time of the resource (HTTP ‘Last-Modified’ header) and halt if conditional GET matches. The time argument is a Time, DateTime, or other object that responds to to_time.

When the current request includes an ‘If-Modified-Since’ header that is equal or later than the time specified, execution is immediately halted with a ‘304 Not Modified’ response.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 393

def last_modified(time)
  return unless time
  time = time_for time
  response['Last-Modified'] = time.httpdate
  return if env['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']

  if status == 200 and env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
    # compare based on seconds since epoch
    since = Time.httpdate(env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']).to_i
    halt 304 if since >= time.to_i
  end

  if (success? or status == 412) and env['HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE']
    # compare based on seconds since epoch
    since = Time.httpdate(env['HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE']).to_i
    halt 412 if since < time.to_i
  end
rescue ArgumentError
end

#logger ⇒ Object

Access shared logger object.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 190

def logger
  request.logger
end

#mime_type(type) ⇒ Object

Look up a media type by file extension in Rack’s mime registry.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 195

def mime_type(type)
  Base.mime_type(type)
end

#not_found(body = nil) ⇒ Object

Halt processing and return a 404 Not Found.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 174

def not_found(body=nil)
  error 404, body
end

#not_found? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 404

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 478

def not_found?
  status == 404
end

#redirect(uri, *args) ⇒ Object

Halt processing and redirect to the URI provided.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 132

def redirect(uri, *args)
  if env['HTTP_VERSION'] == 'HTTP/1.1' and env["REQUEST_METHOD"] != 'GET'
    status 303
  else
    status 302
  end

  # According to RFC 2616 section 14.30, "the field value consists of a
  # single absolute URI"
  response['Location'] = uri(uri, settings.absolute_redirects?, settings.prefixed_redirects?)
  halt(*args)
end

#redirect? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 3xx

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 463

def redirect?
  status.between? 300, 399
end

#send_file(path, opts = {}) ⇒ Object

Use the contents of the file at path as the response body.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 231

def send_file(path, opts={})
  if opts[:type] or not response['Content-Type']
    content_type opts[:type] || File.extname(path), :default => 'application/octet-stream'
  end

  if opts[:disposition] == 'attachment' || opts[:filename]
    attachment opts[:filename] || path
  elsif opts[:disposition] == 'inline'
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'inline'
  end

  last_modified opts[:last_modified] if opts[:last_modified]

  file      = Rack::File.new nil
  file.path = path
  result    = file.serving env
  result[1].each { |k,v| headers[k] ||= v }
  headers['Content-Length'] = result[1]['Content-Length']
  halt opts[:status] || result[0], result[2]
rescue Errno::ENOENT
  not_found
end

#server_error? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 5xx

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 473

def server_error?
  status.between? 500, 599
end

#session ⇒ Object

Access the underlying Rack session.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 185

def session
  request.session
end

#status(value = nil) ⇒ Object

Set or retrieve the response status code.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 113

def status(value=nil)
  response.status = value if value
  response.status
end

#stream(keep_open = false) ⇒ Object

Allows to start sending data to the client even though later parts of the response body have not yet been generated.

The close parameter specifies whether Stream#close should be called after the block has been executed. This is only relevant for evented servers like Thin or Rainbows.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 308

def stream(keep_open = false)
  scheduler = env['async.callback'] ? EventMachine : Stream
  current   = @params.dup

  block     = proc do |out|
    begin
      original, @params = @params, current
      yield(out)
    ensure
      @params = original if original
    end
  end

  out = Stream.new(scheduler, keep_open, &block)

  if env['async.close']
    env['async.close'].callback { out.close }
    env['async.close'].errback { out.close }
  end

  body out
end

#success? ⇒ Boolean

whether or not the status is set to 2xx

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 458

def success?
  status.between? 200, 299
end

#time_for(value) ⇒ Object

Generates a Time object from the given value. Used by #expires and #last_modified.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 484

def time_for(value)
  if value.respond_to? :to_time
    value.to_time
  elsif value.is_a? Time
    value
  elsif value.respond_to? :new_offset
    # DateTime#to_time does the same on 1.9
    d = value.new_offset 0
    t = Time.utc d.year, d.mon, d.mday, d.hour, d.min, d.sec + d.sec_fraction
    t.getlocal
  elsif value.respond_to? :mday
    # Date#to_time does the same on 1.9
    Time.local(value.year, value.mon, value.mday)
  elsif value.is_a? Numeric
    Time.at value
  else
    Time.parse value.to_s
  end
rescue ArgumentError => boom
  raise boom
rescue Exception
  raise ArgumentError, "unable to convert #{value.inspect} to a Time object"
end

#uri(addr = nil, absolute = true, add_script_name = true) ⇒ Object Also known as: url, to

Generates the absolute URI for a given path in the app. Takes Rack routers and reverse proxies into account.



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# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 147

def uri(addr = nil, absolute = true, add_script_name = true)
  return addr if addr =~ /\A[A-z][A-z0-9\+\.\-]*:/
  uri = [host = ""]
  if absolute
    host << "http#{'s' if request.secure?}://"
    if request.forwarded? or request.port != (request.secure? ? 443 : 80)
      host << request.host_with_port
    else
      host << request.host
    end
  end
  uri << request.script_name.to_s if add_script_name
  uri << (addr ? addr : request.path_info).to_s
  File.join uri
end