Class: Rack::Lint
Overview
Rack::Lint validates your application and the requests and responses according to the Rack spec.
Defined Under Namespace
Modules: Assertion Classes: ErrorWrapper, HijackWrapper, InputWrapper, LintError
Instance Method Summary collapse
- #_call(env) ⇒ Object
-
#call(env = nil) ⇒ Object
A Rack application is a Ruby object (not a class) that responds to
call
. -
#check_content_length(status, headers) ⇒ Object
The Content-Length.
-
#check_content_type(status, headers) ⇒ Object
The Content-Type.
-
#check_env(env) ⇒ Object
The Environment.
-
#check_error(error) ⇒ Object
The Error Stream.
-
#check_headers(header) ⇒ Object
The Headers.
-
#check_hijack(env) ⇒ Object
Hijacking.
-
#check_hijack_response(headers, env) ⇒ Object
Response (after headers) It is also possible to hijack a response after the status and headers have been sent.
-
#check_input(input) ⇒ Object
The Input Stream.
-
#check_status(status) ⇒ Object
The Status.
- #close ⇒ Object
-
#each ⇒ Object
The Body.
-
#initialize(app) ⇒ Lint
constructor
A new instance of Lint.
- #verify_content_length(bytes) ⇒ Object
Methods included from Assertion
Constructor Details
#initialize(app) ⇒ Lint
Returns a new instance of Lint.
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 10 def initialize(app) @app = app @content_length = nil end |
Instance Method Details
#_call(env) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 41 def _call(env) ## It takes exactly one argument, the *environment* raise LintError, "No env given" unless env check_env env env[RACK_INPUT] = InputWrapper.new(env[RACK_INPUT]) env[RACK_ERRORS] = ErrorWrapper.new(env[RACK_ERRORS]) ## and returns an Array of exactly three values: ary = @app.call(env) raise LintError, "response is not an Array, but #{ary.class}" unless ary.kind_of? Array raise LintError, "response array has #{ary.size} elements instead of 3" unless ary.size == 3 status, headers, @body = ary ## The *status*, check_status status ## the *headers*, check_headers headers hijack_proc = check_hijack_response headers, env if hijack_proc && headers.is_a?(Hash) headers[RACK_HIJACK] = hijack_proc end ## and the *body*. check_content_type status, headers check_content_length status, headers @head_request = env[REQUEST_METHOD] == HEAD [status, headers, self] end |
#call(env = nil) ⇒ Object
A Rack application is a Ruby object (not a class) that responds to call
.
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 37 def call(env = nil) dup._call(env) end |
#check_content_length(status, headers) ⇒ Object
The Content-Length
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 708 def check_content_length(status, headers) headers.each { |key, value| if key.downcase == 'content-length' ## There must not be a <tt>Content-Length</tt> header when the ## +Status+ is 1xx, 204 or 304. if Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.key? status.to_i raise LintError, "Content-Length header found in #{status} response, not allowed" end @content_length = value end } end |
#check_content_type(status, headers) ⇒ Object
The Content-Type
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 694 def check_content_type(status, headers) headers.each { |key, value| ## There must not be a <tt>Content-Type</tt>, when the +Status+ is 1xx, ## 204 or 304. if key.downcase == "content-type" if Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.key? status.to_i raise LintError, "Content-Type header found in #{status} response, not allowed" end return end } end |
#check_env(env) ⇒ Object
The Environment
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 73 def check_env(env) ## The environment must be an unfrozen instance of Hash that includes ## CGI-like headers. The application is free to modify the ## environment. raise LintError, "env #{env.inspect} is not a Hash, but #{env.class}" unless env.kind_of? Hash raise LintError, "env should not be frozen, but is" if env.frozen? ## ## The environment is required to include these variables ## (adopted from PEP333), except when they'd be empty, but see ## below. ## <tt>REQUEST_METHOD</tt>:: The HTTP request method, such as ## "GET" or "POST". This cannot ever ## be an empty string, and so is ## always required. ## <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt>:: The initial portion of the request ## URL's "path" that corresponds to the ## application object, so that the ## application knows its virtual ## "location". This may be an empty ## string, if the application corresponds ## to the "root" of the server. ## <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>:: The remainder of the request URL's ## "path", designating the virtual ## "location" of the request's target ## within the application. This may be an ## empty string, if the request URL targets ## the application root and does not have a ## trailing slash. This value may be ## percent-encoded when originating from ## a URL. ## <tt>QUERY_STRING</tt>:: The portion of the request URL that ## follows the <tt>?</tt>, if any. May be ## empty, but is always required! ## <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt>:: When combined with <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> and ## <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>, these variables can be ## used to complete the URL. Note, however, ## that <tt>HTTP_HOST</tt>, if present, ## should be used in preference to ## <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt> for reconstructing ## the request URL. ## <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt> can never be an empty ## string, and so is always required. ## <tt>SERVER_PORT</tt>:: An optional +Integer+ which is the port the ## server is running on. Should be specified if ## the server is running on a non-standard port. ## <tt>HTTP_</tt> Variables:: Variables corresponding to the ## client-supplied HTTP request ## headers (i.e., variables whose ## names begin with <tt>HTTP_</tt>). The ## presence or absence of these ## variables should correspond with ## the presence or absence of the ## appropriate HTTP header in the ## request. See ## {RFC3875 section 4.1.18}[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3875#section-4.1.18] ## for specific behavior. ## In addition to this, the Rack environment must include these ## Rack-specific variables: ## <tt>rack.version</tt>:: The Array representing this version of Rack ## See Rack::VERSION, that corresponds to ## the version of this SPEC. ## <tt>rack.url_scheme</tt>:: +http+ or +https+, depending on the ## request URL. ## <tt>rack.input</tt>:: See below, the input stream. ## <tt>rack.errors</tt>:: See below, the error stream. ## <tt>rack.multithread</tt>:: true if the application object may be ## simultaneously invoked by another thread ## in the same process, false otherwise. ## <tt>rack.multiprocess</tt>:: true if an equivalent application object ## may be simultaneously invoked by another ## process, false otherwise. ## <tt>rack.run_once</tt>:: true if the server expects ## (but does not guarantee!) that the ## application will only be invoked this one ## time during the life of its containing ## process. Normally, this will only be true ## for a server based on CGI ## (or something similar). ## <tt>rack.hijack?</tt>:: present and true if the server supports ## connection hijacking. See below, hijacking. ## <tt>rack.hijack</tt>:: an object responding to #call that must be ## called at least once before using ## rack.hijack_io. ## It is recommended #call return rack.hijack_io ## as well as setting it in env if necessary. ## <tt>rack.hijack_io</tt>:: if rack.hijack? is true, and rack.hijack ## has received #call, this will contain ## an object resembling an IO. See hijacking. ## Additional environment specifications have approved to ## standardized middleware APIs. None of these are required to ## be implemented by the server. ## <tt>rack.session</tt>:: A hash like interface for storing ## request session data. ## The store must implement: if session = env[RACK_SESSION] ## store(key, value) (aliased as []=); unless session.respond_to?(:store) && session.respond_to?(:[]=) raise LintError, "session #{session.inspect} must respond to store and []=" end ## fetch(key, default = nil) (aliased as []); unless session.respond_to?(:fetch) && session.respond_to?(:[]) raise LintError, "session #{session.inspect} must respond to fetch and []" end ## delete(key); unless session.respond_to?(:delete) raise LintError, "session #{session.inspect} must respond to delete" end ## clear; unless session.respond_to?(:clear) raise LintError, "session #{session.inspect} must respond to clear" end ## to_hash (returning unfrozen Hash instance); unless session.respond_to?(:to_hash) && session.to_hash.kind_of?(Hash) && !session.to_hash.frozen? raise LintError, "session #{session.inspect} must respond to to_hash and return unfrozen Hash instance" end end ## <tt>rack.logger</tt>:: A common object interface for logging messages. ## The object must implement: if logger = env[RACK_LOGGER] ## info(message, &block) unless logger.respond_to?(:info) raise LintError, "logger #{logger.inspect} must respond to info" end ## debug(message, &block) unless logger.respond_to?(:debug) raise LintError, "logger #{logger.inspect} must respond to debug" end ## warn(message, &block) unless logger.respond_to?(:warn) raise LintError, "logger #{logger.inspect} must respond to warn" end ## error(message, &block) unless logger.respond_to?(:error) raise LintError, "logger #{logger.inspect} must respond to error" end ## fatal(message, &block) unless logger.respond_to?(:fatal) raise LintError, "logger #{logger.inspect} must respond to fatal" end end ## <tt>rack.multipart.buffer_size</tt>:: An Integer hint to the multipart parser as to what chunk size to use for reads and writes. if bufsize = env[RACK_MULTIPART_BUFFER_SIZE] unless bufsize.is_a?(Integer) && bufsize > 0 raise LintError, "rack.multipart.buffer_size must be an Integer > 0 if specified" end end ## <tt>rack.multipart.tempfile_factory</tt>:: An object responding to #call with two arguments, the filename and content_type given for the multipart form field, and returning an IO-like object that responds to #<< and optionally #rewind. This factory will be used to instantiate the tempfile for each multipart form file upload field, rather than the default class of Tempfile. if tempfile_factory = env[RACK_MULTIPART_TEMPFILE_FACTORY] raise LintError, "rack.multipart.tempfile_factory must respond to #call" unless tempfile_factory.respond_to?(:call) env[RACK_MULTIPART_TEMPFILE_FACTORY] = lambda do |filename, content_type| io = tempfile_factory.call(filename, content_type) raise LintError, "rack.multipart.tempfile_factory return value must respond to #<<" unless io.respond_to?(:<<) io end end ## The server or the application can store their own data in the ## environment, too. The keys must contain at least one dot, ## and should be prefixed uniquely. The prefix <tt>rack.</tt> ## is reserved for use with the Rack core distribution and other ## accepted specifications and must not be used otherwise. ## %w[REQUEST_METHOD SERVER_NAME QUERY_STRING rack.version rack.input rack.errors rack.multithread rack.multiprocess rack.run_once].each { |header| raise LintError, "env missing required key #{header}" unless env.include? header } ## The <tt>SERVER_PORT</tt> must be an Integer if set. server_port = env["SERVER_PORT"] unless server_port.nil? || (Integer(server_port) rescue false) raise LintError, "env[SERVER_PORT] is not an Integer" end ## The <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt> must be a valid authority as defined by RFC7540. unless (URI.parse("http://#{env[SERVER_NAME]}/") rescue false) raise LintError, "#{env[SERVER_NAME]} must be a valid authority" end ## The <tt>HTTP_HOST</tt> must be a valid authority as defined by RFC7540. unless (URI.parse("http://#{env[HTTP_HOST]}/") rescue false) raise LintError, "#{env[HTTP_HOST]} must be a valid authority" end ## The environment must not contain the keys ## <tt>HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE</tt> or <tt>HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH</tt> ## (use the versions without <tt>HTTP_</tt>). %w[HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH].each { |header| if env.include? header raise LintError, "env contains #{header}, must use #{header[5, -1]}" end } ## The CGI keys (named without a period) must have String values. ## If the string values for CGI keys contain non-ASCII characters, ## they should use ASCII-8BIT encoding. env.each { |key, value| next if key.include? "." # Skip extensions unless value.kind_of? String raise LintError, "env variable #{key} has non-string value #{value.inspect}" end next if value.encoding == Encoding::ASCII_8BIT unless value.b !~ /[\x80-\xff]/n raise LintError, "env variable #{key} has value containing non-ASCII characters and has non-ASCII-8BIT encoding #{value.inspect} encoding: #{value.encoding}" end } ## There are the following restrictions: ## * <tt>rack.version</tt> must be an array of Integers. unless env[RACK_VERSION].kind_of? Array raise LintError, "rack.version must be an Array, was #{env[RACK_VERSION].class}" end ## * <tt>rack.url_scheme</tt> must either be +http+ or +https+. unless %w[http https].include?(env[RACK_URL_SCHEME]) raise LintError, "rack.url_scheme unknown: #{env[RACK_URL_SCHEME].inspect}" end ## * There must be a valid input stream in <tt>rack.input</tt>. check_input env[RACK_INPUT] ## * There must be a valid error stream in <tt>rack.errors</tt>. check_error env[RACK_ERRORS] ## * There may be a valid hijack stream in <tt>rack.hijack_io</tt> check_hijack env ## * The <tt>REQUEST_METHOD</tt> must be a valid token. unless env[REQUEST_METHOD] =~ /\A[0-9A-Za-z!\#$%&'*+.^_`|~-]+\z/ raise LintError, "REQUEST_METHOD unknown: #{env[REQUEST_METHOD].dump}" end ## * The <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt>, if non-empty, must start with <tt>/</tt> if env.include?(SCRIPT_NAME) && env[SCRIPT_NAME] != "" && env[SCRIPT_NAME] !~ /\A\// raise LintError, "SCRIPT_NAME must start with /" end ## * The <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>, if non-empty, must start with <tt>/</tt> if env.include?(PATH_INFO) && env[PATH_INFO] != "" && env[PATH_INFO] !~ /\A\// raise LintError, "PATH_INFO must start with /" end ## * The <tt>CONTENT_LENGTH</tt>, if given, must consist of digits only. if env.include?("CONTENT_LENGTH") && env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] !~ /\A\d+\z/ raise LintError, "Invalid CONTENT_LENGTH: #{env["CONTENT_LENGTH"]}" end ## * One of <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> or <tt>PATH_INFO</tt> must be ## set. <tt>PATH_INFO</tt> should be <tt>/</tt> if ## <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> is empty. unless env[SCRIPT_NAME] || env[PATH_INFO] raise LintError, "One of SCRIPT_NAME or PATH_INFO must be set (make PATH_INFO '/' if SCRIPT_NAME is empty)" end ## <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> never should be <tt>/</tt>, but instead be empty. unless env[SCRIPT_NAME] != "/" raise LintError, "SCRIPT_NAME cannot be '/', make it '' and PATH_INFO '/'" end end |
#check_error(error) ⇒ Object
The Error Stream
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 483 def check_error(error) ## The error stream must respond to +puts+, +write+ and +flush+. [:puts, :write, :flush].each { |method| unless error.respond_to? method raise LintError, "rack.error #{error} does not respond to ##{method}" end } end |
#check_headers(header) ⇒ Object
The Headers
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 656 def check_headers(header) ## The header must respond to +each+, and yield values of key and value. unless header.respond_to? :each raise LintError, "headers object should respond to #each, but doesn't (got #{header.class} as headers)" end header.each { |key, value| ## The header keys must be Strings. unless key.kind_of? String raise LintError, "header key must be a string, was #{key.class}" end ## Special headers starting "rack." are for communicating with the ## server, and must not be sent back to the client. next if key =~ /^rack\..+$/ ## The header must not contain a +Status+ key. raise LintError, "header must not contain Status" if key.downcase == "status" ## The header must conform to RFC7230 token specification, i.e. cannot ## contain non-printable ASCII, DQUOTE or "(),/:;<=>?@[\]{}". raise LintError, "invalid header name: #{key}" if key =~ /[\(\),\/:;<=>\?@\[\\\]{}[:cntrl:]]/ ## The values of the header must be Strings, unless value.kind_of? String raise LintError, "a header value must be a String, but the value of '#{key}' is a #{value.class}" end ## consisting of lines (for multiple header values, e.g. multiple ## <tt>Set-Cookie</tt> values) separated by "\\n". value.split("\n").each { |item| ## The lines must not contain characters below 037. if item =~ /[\000-\037]/ raise LintError, "invalid header value #{key}: #{item.inspect}" end } } end |
#check_hijack(env) ⇒ Object
Hijacking
AUTHORS: n.b. The trailing whitespace between paragraphs is important and should not be removed. The whitespace creates paragraphs in the RDoc output.
Request (before status)
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 548 def check_hijack(env) if env[RACK_IS_HIJACK] ## If rack.hijack? is true then rack.hijack must respond to #call. original_hijack = env[RACK_HIJACK] raise LintError, "rack.hijack must respond to call" unless original_hijack.respond_to?(:call) env[RACK_HIJACK] = proc do ## rack.hijack must return the io that will also be assigned (or is ## already present, in rack.hijack_io. io = original_hijack.call HijackWrapper.new(io) ## ## rack.hijack_io must respond to: ## <tt>read, write, read_nonblock, write_nonblock, flush, close, ## close_read, close_write, closed?</tt> ## ## The semantics of these IO methods must be a best effort match to ## those of a normal ruby IO or Socket object, using standard ## arguments and raising standard exceptions. Servers are encouraged ## to simply pass on real IO objects, although it is recognized that ## this approach is not directly compatible with SPDY and HTTP 2.0. ## ## IO provided in rack.hijack_io should preference the ## IO::WaitReadable and IO::WaitWritable APIs wherever supported. ## ## There is a deliberate lack of full specification around ## rack.hijack_io, as semantics will change from server to server. ## Users are encouraged to utilize this API with a knowledge of their ## server choice, and servers may extend the functionality of ## hijack_io to provide additional features to users. The purpose of ## rack.hijack is for Rack to "get out of the way", as such, Rack only ## provides the minimum of specification and support. env[RACK_HIJACK_IO] = HijackWrapper.new(env[RACK_HIJACK_IO]) io end else ## ## If rack.hijack? is false, then rack.hijack should not be set. raise LintError, "rack.hijack? is false, but rack.hijack is present" unless env[RACK_HIJACK].nil? ## ## If rack.hijack? is false, then rack.hijack_io should not be set. raise LintError, "rack.hijack? is false, but rack.hijack_io is present" unless env[RACK_HIJACK_IO].nil? end end |
#check_hijack_response(headers, env) ⇒ Object
Response (after headers)
It is also possible to hijack a response after the status and headers have been sent.
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 595 def check_hijack_response(headers, env) # this check uses headers like a hash, but the spec only requires # headers respond to #each headers = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash[headers] ## In order to do this, an application may set the special header ## <tt>rack.hijack</tt> to an object that responds to <tt>call</tt> ## accepting an argument that conforms to the <tt>rack.hijack_io</tt> ## protocol. ## ## After the headers have been sent, and this hijack callback has been ## called, the application is now responsible for the remaining lifecycle ## of the IO. The application is also responsible for maintaining HTTP ## semantics. Of specific note, in almost all cases in the current SPEC, ## applications will have wanted to specify the header Connection:close in ## HTTP/1.1, and not Connection:keep-alive, as there is no protocol for ## returning hijacked sockets to the web server. For that purpose, use the ## body streaming API instead (progressively yielding strings via each). ## ## Servers must ignore the <tt>body</tt> part of the response tuple when ## the <tt>rack.hijack</tt> response API is in use. if env[RACK_IS_HIJACK] && headers[RACK_HIJACK] unless headers[RACK_HIJACK].respond_to? :call raise LintError, 'rack.hijack header must respond to #call' end original_hijack = headers[RACK_HIJACK] proc do |io| original_hijack.call HijackWrapper.new(io) end else ## ## The special response header <tt>rack.hijack</tt> must only be set ## if the request env has <tt>rack.hijack?</tt> <tt>true</tt>. unless headers[RACK_HIJACK].nil? raise LintError, 'rack.hijack header must not be present if server does not support hijacking' end nil end end |
#check_input(input) ⇒ Object
The Input Stream
The input stream is an IO-like object which contains the raw HTTP POST data.
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 365 def check_input(input) ## When applicable, its external encoding must be "ASCII-8BIT" and it ## must be opened in binary mode, for Ruby 1.9 compatibility. if input.respond_to?(:external_encoding) && input.external_encoding != Encoding::ASCII_8BIT raise LintError, "rack.input #{input} does not have ASCII-8BIT as its external encoding" end if input.respond_to?(:binmode?) && !input.binmode? raise LintError, "rack.input #{input} is not opened in binary mode" end ## The input stream must respond to +gets+, +each+, +read+ and +rewind+. [:gets, :each, :read, :rewind].each { |method| unless input.respond_to? method raise LintError, "rack.input #{input} does not respond to ##{method}" end } end |
#check_status(status) ⇒ Object
The Status
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 647 def check_status(status) ## This is an HTTP status. When parsed as integer (+to_i+), it must be ## greater than or equal to 100. unless status.to_i >= 100 raise LintError, "Status must be >=100 seen as integer" end end |
#close ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 781 def close @closed = true @body.close if @body.respond_to?(:close) end |
#each ⇒ Object
The Body
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 734 def each @closed = false bytes = 0 ## The Body must respond to +each+ unless @body.respond_to?(:each) raise LintError, "Response body must respond to each" end @body.each { |part| ## and must only yield String values. unless part.kind_of? String raise LintError, "Body yielded non-string value #{part.inspect}" end bytes += part.bytesize yield part } verify_content_length(bytes) ## ## The Body itself should not be an instance of String, as this will ## break in Ruby 1.9. ## ## If the Body responds to +close+, it will be called after iteration. If ## the body is replaced by a middleware after action, the original body ## must be closed first, if it responds to close. # XXX howto: raise LintError, "Body has not been closed" unless @closed ## ## If the Body responds to +to_path+, it must return a String ## identifying the location of a file whose contents are identical ## to that produced by calling +each+; this may be used by the ## server as an alternative, possibly more efficient way to ## transport the response. if @body.respond_to?(:to_path) unless ::File.exist? @body.to_path raise LintError, "The file identified by body.to_path does not exist" end end ## ## The Body commonly is an Array of Strings, the application ## instance itself, or a File-like object. end |
#verify_content_length(bytes) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/rack/lint.rb', line 721 def verify_content_length(bytes) if @head_request unless bytes == 0 raise LintError, "Response body was given for HEAD request, but should be empty" end elsif @content_length unless @content_length == bytes.to_s raise LintError, "Content-Length header was #{@content_length}, but should be #{bytes}" end end end |