Class: MIME::Type
Overview
The definition of one MIME content-type.
Usage
require 'mime/types'
plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain'].first
# returns [text/plain, text/plain]
text = plaintext.first
print text.media_type # => 'text'
print text.sub_type # => 'plain'
puts text.extensions.join(" ") # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'
puts text.encoding # => 8bit
puts text.binary? # => false
puts text.ascii? # => true
puts text == 'text/plain' # => true
puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'
puts MIME::Types.any? { |type|
type.content_type == 'text/plain'
} # => true
puts MIME::Types.all?(&:registered?)
# => false
Defined Under Namespace
Classes: InvalidContentType, InvalidEncoding
Constant Summary collapse
- VERSION =
The released version of the mime-types library.
'2.0'
- MEDIA_TYPE_RE =
:stopdoc:
%r{([-\w.+]+)/([-\w.+]*)}o
- UNREGISTERED_RE =
%r{[Xx]-}o
- PLATFORM_RE =
%r{#{RUBY_PLATFORM}}o
- DEFAULT_ENCODINGS =
[ nil, :default ]
- BINARY_ENCODINGS =
%w(base64 8bit)
- TEXT_ENCODINGS =
%w(7bit quoted-printable)
- VALID_ENCODINGS =
DEFAULT_ENCODINGS + BINARY_ENCODINGS + TEXT_ENCODINGS
- IANA_URL =
"http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/%s/%s"
- RFC_URL =
"http://rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%s.txt"
- DRAFT_URL =
"http://datatracker.ietf.org/public/idindex.cgi?command=id_details&filename=%s"
- LTSW_URL =
"http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/%s.htp"
- CONTACT_URL =
"http://www.iana.org/assignments/contact-people.htm#%s"
Instance Attribute Summary collapse
-
#content_type ⇒ Object
readonly
Returns the whole MIME content-type string.
-
#docs ⇒ Object
The documentation for this MIME::Type.
-
#encoding ⇒ Object
The encoding (7bit, 8bit, quoted-printable, or base64) required to transport the data of this content type safely across a network, which roughly corresponds to Content-Transfer-Encoding.
-
#extensions ⇒ Object
The list of extensions which are known to be used for this MIME::Type.
-
#media_type ⇒ Object
readonly
Returns the media type of the simplified MIME::Type.
-
#raw_media_type ⇒ Object
readonly
Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.
-
#raw_sub_type ⇒ Object
readonly
Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.
-
#references ⇒ Object
The encoded references URL list for this MIME::Type.
-
#simplified ⇒ Object
readonly
The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with
x-
, which indicates that it is a non-registered name. -
#sub_type ⇒ Object
readonly
Returns the sub-type of the simplified MIME::Type.
-
#use_instead ⇒ Object
Returns the media type or types that should be used instead of this media type, if it is obsolete.
Class Method Summary collapse
-
.from_array(*args) ⇒ Object
Creates a MIME::Type from an array in the form of: [type-name, [extensions], encoding, system].
-
.from_hash(hash) ⇒ Object
Creates a MIME::Type from a hash.
-
.from_mime_type(mime_type) ⇒ Object
Essentially a copy constructor.
-
.simplified(content_type) ⇒ Object
The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with
x-
, which indicates that it is a non-registered name.
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#<=>(other) ⇒ Object
Compares the MIME::Type against the exact content type or the simplified type (the simplified type will be used if comparing against something that can be treated as a String with #to_s).
-
#add_extensions(*ext) ⇒ Object
Merge the extensions provided into this MIME::Type.
-
#ascii? ⇒ Boolean
MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats.
-
#binary? ⇒ Boolean
MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats.
-
#complete? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the MIME::Type specifies an extension list, indicating that it is a complete MIME::Type. -
#default_encoding ⇒ Object
Returns the default encoding for the MIME::Type based on the media type.
-
#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object
:stopdoc:.
-
#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the other object is a MIME::Type and the content types match. - #init_with(coder) ⇒ Object
-
#initialize(content_type) {|_self| ... } ⇒ Type
constructor
Builds a MIME::Type object from the provided MIME Content Type value (e.g., ‘text/plain’ or ‘applicaton/x-eruby’).
-
#like?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the simplified type matches the current. -
#obsolete=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#obsolete? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the media type is obsolete. -
#platform? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the MIME::Type is specific to the current operating system as represented by RUBY_PLATFORM. -
#priority_compare(other) ⇒ Object
Compares the MIME::Type based on how reliable it is before doing a normal <=> comparison.
-
#registered=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#registered? ⇒ Boolean
Prior to BCP 178 (RFC 6648), it could be assumed that MIME content types that start with
x-
were unregistered MIME. -
#signature=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#signature? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
when the simplified MIME::Type is in the list of known digital signatures. -
#system ⇒ Object
If the MIME::Type is a system-specific MIME::Type, returns the regular expression for the operating system indicated.
-
#system=(os) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#system? ⇒ Boolean
Returns
true
if the MIME::Type is specific to an operating system. -
#to_a ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as an array suitable for use with MIME::Type.from_array.
-
#to_h ⇒ Object
Converts the MIME::Type to a hash suitable for use in JSON.
-
#to_hash ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as an array suitable for use with MIME::Type.from_hash.
-
#to_json(*args) ⇒ Object
Converts the MIME::Type to a JSON string.
-
#to_s ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as a string.
-
#to_str ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as a string for implicit conversions.
-
#url ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#url=(r) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:.
-
#urls ⇒ Object
The decoded URL list for this MIME::Type.
Constructor Details
#initialize(content_type) {|_self| ... } ⇒ Type
Builds a MIME::Type object from the provided MIME Content Type value (e.g., ‘text/plain’ or ‘applicaton/x-eruby’). The constructed object is yielded to an optional block for additional configuration, such as associating extensions and encoding information.
-
When provided a Hash or a MIME::Type, the MIME::Type will be constructed with #init_with.
-
When provided an Array, the MIME::Type will be constructed only using the first two elements of the array as the content type and extensions.
-
Otherwise, the content_type will be used as a string.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 92 def initialize(content_type) # :yields self: self.system = nil self.obsolete = false self.registered = nil self.use_instead = nil self.signature = nil case content_type when Hash init_with(content_type) when Array self.content_type = content_type[0] self.extensions = content_type[1] || [] when MIME::Type init_with(content_type.to_h) else self.content_type = content_type end self.extensions ||= [] self.docs ||= nil self.encoding ||= :default self.references ||= [] yield self if block_given? end |
Instance Attribute Details
#content_type ⇒ Object
Returns the whole MIME content-type string.
text/plain => text/plain
x-chemical/x-pdb => x-chemical/x-pdb
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 189 def content_type @content_type end |
#docs ⇒ Object
The documentation for this MIME::Type.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 294 def docs @docs end |
#encoding ⇒ Object
The encoding (7bit, 8bit, quoted-printable, or base64) required to transport the data of this content type safely across a network, which roughly corresponds to Content-Transfer-Encoding. A value of nil
or :default
will reset the #encoding to the #default_encoding for the MIME::Type. Raises ArgumentError if the encoding provided is invalid.
If the encoding is not provided on construction, this will be either ‘quoted-printable’ (for text/* media types) and ‘base64’ for eveything else.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 243 def encoding @encoding end |
#extensions ⇒ Object
The list of extensions which are known to be used for this MIME::Type. Non-array values will be coerced into an array with #to_a. Array values will be flattened, nil
values removed, and made unique.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 222 def extensions @extensions end |
#media_type ⇒ Object (readonly)
Returns the media type of the simplified MIME::Type.
text/plain => text
x-chemical/x-pdb => chemical
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 194 def media_type @media_type end |
#raw_media_type ⇒ Object (readonly)
Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.
text/plain => text
x-chemical/x-pdb => x-chemical
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 199 def raw_media_type @raw_media_type end |
#raw_sub_type ⇒ Object (readonly)
Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME::Type.
text/plain => plain
x-chemical/x-pdb => x-pdb
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 209 def raw_sub_type @raw_sub_type end |
#references ⇒ Object
The encoded references URL list for this MIME::Type. See #urls for more information.
This was previously called #url.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 300 def references @references end |
#simplified ⇒ Object (readonly)
The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with x-
, which indicates that it is a non-registered name. Of course, after registration this flag can disappear, adds to the confusing proliferation of MIME types. The simplified string has the x-
removed and are translated to lowercase.
text/plain => text/plain
x-chemical/x-pdb => chemical/pdb
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 218 def simplified @simplified end |
#sub_type ⇒ Object (readonly)
Returns the sub-type of the simplified MIME::Type.
text/plain => plain
x-chemical/x-pdb => pdb
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 204 def sub_type @sub_type end |
#use_instead ⇒ Object
Returns the media type or types that should be used instead of this media type, if it is obsolete. If there is no replacement media type, or it is not obsolete, nil
will be returned.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 279 def use_instead return nil unless obsolete? @use_instead end |
Class Method Details
.from_array(*args) ⇒ Object
Creates a MIME::Type from an array in the form of:
[type-name, [extensions], encoding, system]
extensions
, encoding
, and system
are optional.
MIME::Type.from_array("application/x-ruby", ['rb'], '8bit')
MIME::Type.from_array(["application/x-ruby", ['rb'], '8bit'])
These are equivalent to:
MIME::Type.new('application/x-ruby') do |t|
t.extensions = %w(rb)
t.encoding = '8bit'
end
This method is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 543 def from_array(*args) # :yields MIME::Type.new: MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) # Dereferences the array one level, if necessary. args = args.first if args.first.kind_of? Array unless args.size.between?(1, 8) raise ArgumentError, "Array provided must contain between one and eight elements." end MIME::Type.new(args.shift) do |t| t.extensions, t.encoding, t.system, t.obsolete, t.docs, t.references, t.registered = *args yield t if block_given? end end |
.from_hash(hash) ⇒ Object
Creates a MIME::Type from a hash. Keys are case-insensitive, dashes may be replaced with underscores, and the internal Symbol of the lowercase-underscore version can be used as well. That is, Content-Type can be provided as content-type, Content_Type, content_type, or :content_type.
Known keys are Content-Type
, Content-Transfer-Encoding
, Extensions
, and System
.
MIME::Type.from_hash('Content-Type' => 'text/x-yaml',
'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => '8bit',
'System' => 'linux',
'Extensions' => ['yaml', 'yml'])
This is equivalent to:
MIME::Type.new('text/x-yaml') do |t|
t.encoding = '8bit'
t.system = 'linux'
t.extensions = ['yaml', 'yml']
end
This method has been deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 584 def from_hash(hash) # :yields MIME::Type.new: MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) type = {} hash.each_pair do |k, v| type[k.to_s.tr('A-Z', 'a-z').gsub(/-/, '_').to_sym] = v end MIME::Type.new(type[:content_type]) do |t| t.extensions = type[:extensions] t.encoding = type[:content_transfer_encoding] t.system = type[:system] t.obsolete = type[:obsolete] t.docs = type[:docs] t.url = type[:url] t.registered = type[:registered] yield t if block_given? end end |
.from_mime_type(mime_type) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 617 def from_mime_type(mime_type) # :yields the new MIME::Type: MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) new(mime_type) end |
.simplified(content_type) ⇒ Object
The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with x-
, which indicates that it is a non-registered name. Of course, after registration this flag can disappear, adds to the confusing proliferation of MIME types. The simplified string has the x-
removed and are translated to lowercase.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 515 def simplified(content_type) matchdata = MEDIA_TYPE_RE.match(content_type) if matchdata.nil? nil else matchdata.captures.map { |e| e.downcase.gsub(UNREGISTERED_RE, '') }.join('/') end end |
Instance Method Details
#<=>(other) ⇒ Object
Compares the MIME::Type against the exact content type or the simplified type (the simplified type will be used if comparing against something that can be treated as a String with #to_s). In comparisons, this is done against the lowercase version of the MIME::Type.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 132 def <=>(other) if other.respond_to?(:content_type) @content_type.downcase <=> other.content_type.downcase elsif other.respond_to?(:to_s) @simplified <=> MIME::Type.simplified(other.to_s) end end |
#add_extensions(*ext) ⇒ Object
Merge the extensions provided into this MIME::Type. The extensions added will be merged uniquely.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 229 def add_extensions(*ext) @extensions = (@extensions + ext).flatten.compact.sort.uniq end |
#ascii? ⇒ Boolean
MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats. This method returns false
when the MIME::Type encoding is set to base64
.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 389 def ascii? not binary? end |
#binary? ⇒ Boolean
MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular formats. This method returns true
when the MIME::Type encoding is set to base64
.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 382 def binary? BINARY_ENCODINGS.include?(@encoding) end |
#complete? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the MIME::Type specifies an extension list, indicating that it is a complete MIME::Type.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 421 def complete? not @extensions.empty? end |
#default_encoding ⇒ Object
Returns the default encoding for the MIME::Type based on the media type.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 271 def default_encoding (@media_type == 'text') ? 'quoted-printable' : 'base64' end |
#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object
:stopdoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 477 def encode_with(coder) coder['content-type'] = @content_type coder['docs'] = @docs unless @docs.nil? or @docs.empty? coder['encoding'] = @encoding coder['extensions'] = @extensions unless @extensions.empty? if obsolete? coder['obsolete'] = obsolete? coder['use-instead'] = use_instead if use_instead end coder['references'] = references unless references.empty? coder['registered'] = registered? if signature? coder['signature'] = signature? end coder['system'] = @system if @system coder end |
#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the other object is a MIME::Type and the content types match.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 181 def eql?(other) other.kind_of?(MIME::Type) and self == other end |
#init_with(coder) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 495 def init_with(coder) self.content_type = coder['content-type'] self.docs = coder['docs'] || [] self.encoding = coder['encoding'] self.extensions = coder['extensions'] || [] self.obsolete = coder['obsolete'] self.references = coder['references'] || [] self.registered = coder['registered'] self.signature = coder['signature'] self.system = coder['system'] self.use_instead = coder['use-instead'] end |
#like?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the simplified type matches the current
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 120 def like?(other) if other.respond_to?(:simplified) @simplified == other.simplified else @simplified == MIME::Type.simplified(other) end end |
#obsolete=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 289 def obsolete=(v) # :nodoc: @obsolete = !!v end |
#obsolete? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the media type is obsolete.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 286 def obsolete? !!@obsolete end |
#platform? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the MIME::Type is specific to the current operating system as represented by RUBY_PLATFORM.
This method is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 414 def platform? MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) system? and (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ @system) end |
#priority_compare(other) ⇒ Object
Compares the MIME::Type based on how reliable it is before doing a normal <=> comparison. Used by MIME::Types#[] to sort types. The comparisons involved are:
-
self.simplified <=> other.simplified (ensures that we don’t try to compare different types)
-
IANA-registered definitions < other definitions.
-
Generic definitions < platform definitions.
-
Complete definitions < incomplete definitions.
-
Current definitions < obsolete definitions.
-
Obselete with use-instead references < obsolete without.
-
Obsolete use-instead definitions are compared.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 152 def priority_compare(other) pc = simplified <=> other.simplified if pc.zero? pc = if (registered? != other.registered?) registered? ? -1 : 1 # registered < unregistered elsif (platform? != other.platform?) platform? ? 1 : -1 # generic < platform elsif (complete? != other.complete?) complete? ? -1 : 1 # complete < incomplete elsif (obsolete? != other.obsolete?) obsolete? ? 1 : -1 # current < obsolete elsif obsolete? and (use_instead != other.use_instead) if use_instead.nil? 1 elsif other.use_instead.nil? -1 else use_instead <=> other.use_instead end else 0 end end pc end |
#registered=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 375 def registered=(v) # :nodoc: @registered = v.nil? ? v : !!v end |
#registered? ⇒ Boolean
Prior to BCP 178 (RFC 6648), it could be assumed that MIME content types that start with x-
were unregistered MIME. Per this BCP, this assumption is no longer being made by default in this library.
There are three possible registration states for a MIME::Type:
-
Explicitly registered, like application/x-www-url-encoded.
-
Explicitly not registered, like image/webp.
-
Unspecified, in which case the media-type and the content-type will be scanned to see if they start with
x-
, indicating that they are assumed unregistered.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 367 def registered? if @registered.nil? (@raw_media_type !~ UNREGISTERED_RE) and (@raw_sub_type !~ UNREGISTERED_RE) else !!@registered end end |
#signature=(v) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 398 def signature=(v) # :nodoc: @signature = !!v end |
#signature? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
when the simplified MIME::Type is in the list of known digital signatures.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 395 def signature? !!@signature end |
#system ⇒ Object
If the MIME::Type is a system-specific MIME::Type, returns the regular expression for the operating system indicated.
This information about MIME content types is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 258 def system MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) @system end |
#system=(os) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 262 def system=(os) # :nodoc: if os.nil? or os.kind_of?(Regexp) @system = os else @system = %r|#{os}| end end |
#system? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true
if the MIME::Type is specific to an operating system.
This method is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 405 def system? MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) not @system.nil? end |
#to_a ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as an array suitable for use with MIME::Type.from_array.
This method is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 442 def to_a MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) [ @content_type, @extensions, @encoding, @system, obsolete?, @docs, @references, registered? ] end |
#to_h ⇒ Object
Converts the MIME::Type to a hash suitable for use in JSON. The output of this method can also be used to initialize a MIME::Type.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 472 def to_h encode_with({}) end |
#to_hash ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as an array suitable for use with MIME::Type.from_hash.
This method is deprecated.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 452 def to_hash MIME.deprecated(self, __method__) { 'Content-Type' => @content_type, 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => @encoding, 'Extensions' => @extensions, 'System' => @system, 'Obsolete' => obsolete?, 'Docs' => @docs, 'URL' => @references, 'Registered' => registered?, } end |
#to_json(*args) ⇒ Object
Converts the MIME::Type to a JSON string.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 466 def to_json(*args) to_h.to_json(*args) end |
#to_s ⇒ Object
Returns the MIME::Type as a string.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 426 def to_s @content_type end |
#to_str ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 434 def to_str @content_type end |
#url ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 305 def url # :nodoc: MIME.deprecated(self, __method__, "and has been renamed to #references") references end |
#url=(r) ⇒ Object
:nodoc:
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 309 def url=(r) # :nodoc: MIME.deprecated(self, __method__, "and has been renamed to #references=") self.references = r end |
#urls ⇒ Object
The decoded URL list for this MIME::Type.
The special URL value IANA will be translated into:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/<mediatype>/<subtype>
The special URL value RFC### will be translated into:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc###.txt
The special URL value DRAFT:name will be translated into:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/idindex.cgi?
command=id_detail&filename=<name>
The special URL value LTSW will be translated into:
http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/<mediatype>.htp
The special URL value [token] will be translated into:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/contact-people.htm#<token>
These values will be accessible through #urls, which always returns an array.
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# File 'lib/mime/type.rb', line 334 def urls @references.map do |el| case el when %r{^IANA$} IANA_URL % [ @media_type, @sub_type ] when %r{^RFC(\d+)$} RFC_URL % $1 when %r{^DRAFT:(.+)$} DRAFT_URL % $1 when %r{^LTSW$} LTSW_URL % @media_type when %r{^\{([^=]+)=([^\}]+)\}} [$1, $2] when %r{^\[([^=]+)=([^\]]+)\]} [$1, CONTACT_URL % $2] when %r{^\[([^\]]+)\]} CONTACT_URL % $1 else el end end end |