Class: Flt::FloatContext

Inherits:
Object show all
Includes:
Singleton
Defined in:
lib/flt/float.rb

Overview

Context class with some of the Flt::Num context functionality, to allow the use of Float numbers similarly to other Num values; this eases the implementation of functions compatible with either Num or Float values.

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.float_binary_operator(method, op) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 448

def float_binary_operator(method, op) #:nodoc:
  define_method(method) do |x,y|
    x.to_f.send(op,y)
  end
end

.float_method(*methods) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 435

def float_method(*methods) #:nodoc:
  methods.each do |method|
    if method.is_a?(Array)
      float_method, context_method = method
    else
      float_method = context_method = method
    end
    define_method(context_method) do |x|
      x.to_f.send float_method
    end
  end
end

.math_function(*methods) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 454

def math_function(*methods) #:nodoc:
  methods.each do |method|
    define_method(method) do |*args|
      x = args.shift.to_f
      Math.send(method, x, *args)
    end
    # TODO: consider injecting the math methods into Float
    # Float.send(:define_method, method) do |*args|
    #   Math.send(method, self, *args)
    # end
  end
end

.neighbours(x) ⇒ Object

Compute the adjacent floating point values: largest value not larger than this and smallest not smaller.



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 409

def neighbours(x)
  f,e = Math.frexp(x.to_f)
  e = Float::MIN_EXP if f==0
  e = [Float::MIN_EXP,e].max
  dx = Math.ldexp(1,e-Float::MANT_DIG) #Math.ldexp(Math.ldexp(1.0,-Float::MANT_DIG),e)

  min_f = 0.5 #0.5==Math.ldexp(2**(bits-1),-Float::MANT_DIG)
  max_f = 1.0 - Math.ldexp(1,-Float::MANT_DIG)

  if f==max_f
    high = x + dx*2
  elsif f==-min_f && e!=Float::MIN_EXP
    high = x + dx/2
  else
    high = x + dx
  end
  if e==Float::MIN_EXP || f!=min_f
    low = x - dx
  elsif f==-max_f
    high = x - dx*2
  else
    low = x - dx/2
  end
  [low, high]
end

Instance Method Details

#copy_sign(x, y) ⇒ Object

Return copy of x with the sign of y



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 278

def copy_sign(x, y)
  self_sign = sign(x)
  other_sign = y.is_a?(Integer) ? (y < 0 ? -1 : +1) : sign(y)
  if self_sign && other_sign
    if self_sign == other_sign
      x.to_f
    else
      -x.to_f
    end
  else
    nan
  end
end

#emax ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 232

def emax
  Float::MAX_EXP-1
end

#emin ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 228

def emin
  Float::MIN_EXP-1
end

#epsilon(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

This is the difference between 1.0 and the smallest floating-point value greater than 1.0, radix_power(1-significand_precision)

We have:

Float.epsilon == (1.0.next-1.0)



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 143

def epsilon(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -Float::EPSILON : Float::EPSILON
end

#etiny ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 236

def etiny
  Float::MIN_EXP - Float::MANT_DIG
end

#etop ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 240

def etop
  Float::MAX_EXP - Float::MANT_DIG
end

#eval {|_self| ... } ⇒ Object

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 488

def eval
  yield self
end

#exact? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 219

def exact?
  false
end

#half_epsilon(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

This is the maximum relative error corresponding to 1/2 ulp:

(radix/2)*radix_power(-significand_precision) == epsilon/2

This is called “machine epsilon” in [Goldberg] We have:

Float.half_epsilon == 0.5*Float.epsilon



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 181

def half_epsilon(sign=+1)
  # 0.5*epsilon(sign)
  f,e = Math.frexp(1)
  Math.ldexp(f, e-Float::MANT_DIG)
end

#infinity(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

infinity value with specified sign



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 126

def infinity(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -1.0/0.0 : 1.0/0.0 # Ruby 1.9.2: (sing < 0) ? -Float::INFINITY : Float::INFINITY
end

#int_radix_power(n) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 134

def int_radix_power(n)
  1 << n
end

#ln(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 480

def ln(x)
  log(x)
end

#math(*parameters, &blk) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 492

def math(*parameters, &blk)
  if parameters.empty?
    self.instance_eval &blk
  else
    # needs instance_exe (available in Ruby 1.9, ActiveRecord; TODO: include implementation here)
    self.instance_exec *parameters, &blk
  end
end

#maximum_coefficient ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 211

def maximum_coefficient
  int_radix_power(precision)-1
end

#maximum_finite(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

maximum finite Float value, with specified sign



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 203

def maximum_finite(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -Float::MAX : Float::MAX
end

#maximum_subnormal(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

maximum subnormal (denormalized) Float value (with specified sign)



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 193

def maximum_subnormal(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -Float::MAX_D : Float::MAX_D
end

#minimum_nonzero(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

minimum (subnormal) nonzero Float value, with specified sign



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 198

def minimum_nonzero(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -Float::MIN_D : Float::MIN_D
end

#minimum_normal(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

minimum normal Float value (with specified sign)



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 188

def minimum_normal(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -Float::MIN_N : Float::MIN_N
end

#minimum_normalized_coefficient ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 215

def minimum_normalized_coefficient
  num_class.int_radix_power(precision-1)
end

#minus(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 383

def minus(x)
  -x.to_f
end

#nan ⇒ Object

NaN (not a number value)



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 116

def nan
  0.0/0.0 # Ruby 1.9.2: Float::NAN
end

#necessary_digits(b) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 511

def necessary_digits(b)
  if b == 10
    Float::DECIMAL_DIG
  elsif b == radix
    precision
  else
   (precision*log(radix, b)).ceil + 1
  end
end

#next_minus(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 248

def next_minus(x)
  Flt::FloatContext.neighbours(x).first
end

#next_plus(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 244

def next_plus(x)
  Flt::FloatContext.neighbours(x).last
end

#next_toward(x, y) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 252

def next_toward(x, y)
  x, y = x.to_f, y.to_f
  comparison = x <=> y
  return x.copy_sign(y) if comparison == 0
  if comparison == -1
    result = x.next_plus(context)
  else # comparison == 1
    result = x.next_minus(context)
  end
end

#normal?(x) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 363

def normal?(x)
  if x.special? || x.zero?
    false
  else
    x.abs >= Float::MIN_N
  end
end

#Num(*args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 99

def Num(*args)
  args.flatten!
  case args.size
  when 1
    Float(*args)
  when 2
    Math.ldexp(args[0],args[1])
  when 3
    Math.ldexp(args[0]*args[1],args[2])
  end
end

#num_class ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 95

def num_class
  Float
end

#one_half ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 130

def one_half
  0.5
end

#pi ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 484

def pi
  Math::PI
end

#plus(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 379

def plus(x)
  x.to_f
end

#precision ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 207

def precision
  Float::MANT_DIG
end

#radix ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 111

def radix
  Float::RADIX
end

#rationalize(x, tol = Flt.Tolerance(:epsilon), strict = false) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 391

def rationalize(x, tol = Flt.Tolerance(:epsilon), strict=false)
  if !strict && x.respond_to?(:rationalize) && !(Integer === tol)
    # Float#rationalize was introduced in Ruby 1.9.1
    tol = Tolerance(tol)
    x.rationalize(tol[x])
  else
    case tol
    when Integer
      Rational(*Support::Rationalizer.max_denominator(x, tol, Float))
    else
      Rational(*Support::Rationalizer[tol].rationalize(x))
    end
  end
end

#representable_digits(b) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 501

def representable_digits(b)
  if b == 10
    Float::DIG
  elsif b == radix
    precision
  else
   ((precision-1)*log(radix, b)).floor
  end
end

#rounding ⇒ Object

detect actual rounding mode



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 224

def rounding
  Flt::Support::AuxiliarFunctions.detect_float_rounding
end

#sign(x) ⇒ Object

Sign: -1 for minus, +1 for plus, nil for nan (note that Float zero is signed)



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 264

def sign(x)
  x = x.to_f
  if x.nan?
    nil
  elsif x.zero?
    # Note that (x.to_s[0,1] == "-" ? -1 : +1) fails under mswin32
    # because in that platform (-0.0).to_s == '0.0'
    (1/x < 0) ? -1 : +1
  else
    x < 0 ? -1 : +1
  end
end

#special?(x) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 359

def special?(x)
  x.nan? || x.infinite?
end

#split(x) ⇒ Object

Returns the internal representation of the number, composed of:

  • a sign which is +1 for plus and -1 for minus

  • a coefficient (significand) which is a nonnegative integer

  • an exponent (an integer) or :inf, :nan or :snan for special values

The value of non-special numbers is sign*coefficient*10^exponent



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 297

def split(x)
  x = x.to_f
  sign = sign(x)
  if x.nan?
    exp = :nan
  elsif x.infinite?
    exp = :inf
  else
    coeff,exp = Math.frexp(x)
    coeff = coeff.abs
    if exp < Float::MIN_EXP
      # denormalized number
      coeff = Math.ldexp(coeff, exp-Float::MIN_EXP+Float::MANT_DIG).to_i
      exp = Float::MIN_EXP-Float::MANT_DIG
    else
      # normalized number
      coeff = Math.ldexp(coeff, Float::MANT_DIG).to_i
      exp -= Float::MANT_DIG
    end
  end
  [sign, coeff, exp]
end

#strict_epsilon(sign = +1, round = nil) ⇒ Object

The strict epsilon is the smallest value that produces something different from 1.0 wehen added to 1.0. It may be smaller than the general epsilon, because of the particular rounding rules used with the floating point format. This is only meaningful when well-defined rules are used for rounding the result of floating-point addition.

We have:

(Float.strict_epsilon+1.0) == 1.0.next
(Float.strict_epsilon.prev+1.0) == 1.0



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 156

def strict_epsilon(sign=+1, round=nil)
  # We don't rely on Float::ROUNDS
  eps = minimum_nonzero
  unless (1.0+eps) > 1.0
    f,e = Math.frexp(1)
    eps = Math.ldexp(f.next,e-Float::MANT_DIG)
    if (1.0+eps) > 1.0
      eps
    else
      eps = Math.ldexp(f,e-Float::MANT_DIG)
      unless (1.0+eps) > 1.0
      else
        eps = Math.ldexp(f,e-Float::MANT_DIG+1)
      end
    end
  end
  eps
end

#subnormal? ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 371

def subnormal?
  if x.special? || x.zero?
    false
  else
    x.abs < Float::MIN_N
  end
end

#to_int_scale(x) ⇒ Object

Return the value of the number as an signed integer and a scale.



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 321

def to_int_scale(x)
  x = x.to_f
  if special?(x)
    nil
  else
    coeff,exp = Math.frexp(x)
    coeff = coeff
    if exp < Float::MIN_EXP
      # denormalized number
      coeff = Math.ldexp(coeff, exp-Float::MIN_EXP+Float::MANT_DIG).to_i
      exp = Float::MIN_EXP-Float::MANT_DIG
    else
      # normalized number
      coeff = Math.ldexp(coeff, Float::MANT_DIG).to_i
      exp -= Float::MANT_DIG
    end
    [coeff, exp]
  end
end

#to_r(x) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 387

def to_r(x)
  Support::Rationalizer.to_r(x)
end

#ulp(x, mode = :low) ⇒ Object

ulp (unit in the last place) according to the definition proposed by J.M. Muller in “On the definition of ulp(x)” INRIA No. 5504



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 343

def ulp(x, mode=:low)
  x = x.to_f
  return x if x.nan?
  x = x.abs
  if x < Math.ldexp(1,Float::MIN_EXP) # x < Float::RADIX*Float::MIN_N
    x = Math.ldexp(1,Float::MIN_EXP-Float::MANT_DIG) # res = Float::MIN_D
  elsif x > Float::MAX # x > Math.ldexp(1-Math.ldexp(1,-Float::MANT_DIG),Float::MAX_EXP)
    x = Math.ldexp(1,Float::MAX_EXP-Float::MANT_DIG) # res = Float::MAX - Float::MAX.prev
  else
    f,e = Math.frexp(x.to_f)
    e -= 1 if f==Math.ldexp(1,-1) if mode==:low # assign the smaller ulp to radix powers
    x = Math.ldexp(1,e-Float::MANT_DIG)
  end
  x
end

#zero(sign = +1) ⇒ Object

zero value with specified sign



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# File 'lib/flt/float.rb', line 121

def zero(sign=+1)
  (sign < 0) ? -0.0 : 0.0
end