Class: Addressable::URI

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/addressable/uri.rb

Overview

This is an implementation of a URI parser based on <a href=“www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt”>RFC 3986</a>, <a href=“www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt”>RFC 3987</a>.

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: CharacterClasses, CharacterClassesRegexps, NormalizeCharacterClasses Classes: InvalidURIError

Constant Summary collapse

SLASH = 
'/'
EMPTY_STR = 
''
URIREGEX = 
/^(([^:\/?#]+):)?(\/\/([^\/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/
PORT_MAPPING = 
{
  "http" => 80,
  "https" => 443,
  "ftp" => 21,
  "tftp" => 69,
  "sftp" => 22,
  "ssh" => 22,
  "svn+ssh" => 22,
  "telnet" => 23,
  "nntp" => 119,
  "gopher" => 70,
  "wais" => 210,
  "ldap" => 389,
  "prospero" => 1525
}.freeze
SEQUENCE_ENCODING_TABLE =

Tables used to optimize encoding operations in ‘self.encode_component` and `self.normalize_component`

(0..255).map do |byte|
  format("%02x", byte).freeze
end.freeze
SEQUENCE_UPCASED_PERCENT_ENCODING_TABLE = 
(0..255).map do |byte|
  format("%%%02X", byte).freeze
end.freeze
NORMPATH = 
/^(?!\/)[^\/:]*:.*$/

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(options = {}) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Creates a new uri object from component parts.

Parameters:

  • [String, (Hash) —

    a customizable set of options



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 830

def initialize(options={})
  if options.has_key?(:authority)
    if (options.keys & [:userinfo, :user, :password, :host, :port]).any?
      raise ArgumentError,
        "Cannot specify both an authority and any of the components " +
        "within the authority."
    end
  end
  if options.has_key?(:userinfo)
    if (options.keys & [:user, :password]).any?
      raise ArgumentError,
        "Cannot specify both a userinfo and either the user or password."
    end
  end

  reset_ivs

  defer_validation do
    # Bunch of crazy logic required because of the composite components
    # like userinfo and authority.
    self.scheme = options[:scheme] if options[:scheme]
    self.user = options[:user] if options[:user]
    self.password = options[:password] if options[:password]
    self.userinfo = options[:userinfo] if options[:userinfo]
    self.host = options[:host] if options[:host]
    self.port = options[:port] if options[:port]
    self.authority = options[:authority] if options[:authority]
    self.path = options[:path] if options[:path]
    self.query = options[:query] if options[:query]
    self.query_values = options[:query_values] if options[:query_values]
    self.fragment = options[:fragment] if options[:fragment]
  end

  to_s # force path validation
end

Instance Attribute Details

#fragment ⇒ String

The fragment component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The fragment component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1810

def fragment
  @fragment
end

#host ⇒ String

The host component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The host component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1120

def host
  @host
end

#password ⇒ String

The password component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The password component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 996

def password
  @password
end

#path ⇒ String

The path component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The path component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1528

def path
  @path
end

#port ⇒ Integer

The port component for this URI. This is the port number actually given in the URI. This does not infer port numbers from default values.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    The port component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1386

def port
  @port
end

#query ⇒ String

The query component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The query component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1607

def query
  @query
end

#scheme ⇒ String

The scheme component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The scheme component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 890

def scheme
  @scheme
end

#user ⇒ String

The user component for this URI.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The user component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 941

def user
  @user
end

Class Method Details

.convert_path(path) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Converts a path to a file scheme URI. If the path supplied is relative, it will be returned as a relative URI. If the path supplied is actually a non-file URI, it will parse the URI as if it had been parsed with Addressable::URI.parse. Handles all of the various Microsoft-specific formats for specifying paths.

Examples:

base = Addressable::URI.convert_path("/absolute/path/")
uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path("relative/path")
(base + uri).to_s
#=> "file:///absolute/path/relative/path"

Addressable::URI.convert_path(
  "c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
).to_s
#=> "file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt"

Addressable::URI.convert_path("http://example.com/").to_s
#=> "http://example.com/"

Parameters:

  • path (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    Typically a String path to a file or directory, but will return a sensible return value if an absolute URI is supplied instead.

Returns:

  • (Addressable::URI) —

    The parsed file scheme URI or the original URI if some other URI scheme was provided.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 292

def self.convert_path(path)
  # If we were given nil, return nil.
  return nil unless path
  # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
  return path if path.kind_of?(self)
  unless path.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{path.class} into String."
  end
  # Otherwise, convert to a String
  path = path.to_str.strip

  path.sub!(/^file:\/?\/?/, EMPTY_STR) if path =~ /^file:\/?\/?/
  path = SLASH + path if path =~ /^([a-zA-Z])[\|:]/
  uri = self.parse(path)

  if uri.scheme == nil
    # Adjust windows-style uris
    uri.path.sub!(/^\/?([a-zA-Z])[\|:][\\\/]/) do
      "/#{$1.downcase}:/"
    end
    uri.path.tr!("\\", SLASH)
    if File.exist?(uri.path) &&
        File.stat(uri.path).directory?
      uri.path.chomp!(SLASH)
      uri.path = uri.path + '/'
    end

    # If the path is absolute, set the scheme and host.
    if uri.path.start_with?(SLASH)
      uri.scheme = "file"
      uri.host = EMPTY_STR
    end
    uri.normalize!
  end

  return uri
end

.encode(uri, return_type = String) ⇒ String, Addressable::URI Also known as: escape

Percent encodes any special characters in the URI.

Parameters:

  • uri (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    The URI to encode.

  • return_type (Class) (defaults to: String) —

    The type of object to return. This value may only be set to String or Addressable::URI. All other values are invalid. Defaults to String.

Returns:

  • (String, Addressable::URI) —

    The encoded URI. The return type is determined by the return_type parameter.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 616

def self.encode(uri, return_type=String)
  return nil if uri.nil?

  begin
    uri = uri.to_str
  rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end if !uri.is_a? String

  if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
    raise TypeError,
      "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
      "got #{return_type.inspect}"
  end
  uri_object = uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri)
  encoded_uri = Addressable::URI.new(
    :scheme => self.encode_component(uri_object.scheme,
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::SCHEME),
    :authority => self.encode_component(uri_object.authority,
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::AUTHORITY),
    :path => self.encode_component(uri_object.path,
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::PATH),
    :query => self.encode_component(uri_object.query,
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::QUERY),
    :fragment => self.encode_component(uri_object.fragment,
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::FRAGMENT)
  )
  if return_type == String
    return encoded_uri.to_s
  elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
    return encoded_uri
  end
end

.encode_component(component, character_class = CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED, upcase_encoded = '') ⇒ String Also known as: escape_component

Percent encodes a URI component.

'9' to be percent encoded. If a <code>Regexp</code> is passed, the
 value <code>/[^b-zB-Z0-9]/</code> would have the same effect. A set of
 useful <code>String</code> values may be found in the
 <code>Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses</code> module. The default
 value is the reserved plus unreserved character classes specified in
 <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>.

Examples:

Addressable::URI.encode_component("simple/example", "b-zB-Z0-9")
=> "simple%2Fex%61mple"
Addressable::URI.encode_component("simple/example", /[^b-zB-Z0-9]/)
=> "simple%2Fex%61mple"
Addressable::URI.encode_component(
  "simple/example", Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
)
=> "simple%2Fexample"

Parameters:

  • component (String, #to_str) —

    The URI component to encode.

  • character_class (String, Regexp) (defaults to: CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED) —

    The characters which are not percent encoded. If a String is passed, the String must be formatted as a regular expression character class. (Do not include the surrounding square brackets.) For example, "b-zB-Z0-9" would cause everything but the letters ‘b’ through ‘z’ and the numbers ‘0’ through

  • upcase_encoded (Regexp) (defaults to: '') —

    A string of characters that may already be percent encoded, and whose encodings should be upcased. This allows normalization of percent encodings for characters not included in the character_class.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The encoded component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 403

def self.encode_component(component, character_class=CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED, upcase_encoded='')
  return nil if component.nil?

  begin
    if component.kind_of?(Symbol) ||
        component.kind_of?(Numeric) ||
        component.kind_of?(TrueClass) ||
        component.kind_of?(FalseClass)
      component = component.to_s
    else
      component = component.to_str
    end
  rescue TypeError, NoMethodError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{component.class} into String."
  end if !component.is_a? String

  if ![String, Regexp].include?(character_class.class)
    raise TypeError,
      "Expected String or Regexp, got #{character_class.inspect}"
  end
  if character_class.kind_of?(String)
    character_class = /[^#{character_class}]/
  end
  # We can't perform regexps on invalid UTF sequences, but
  # here we need to, so switch to ASCII.
  component = component.dup
  component.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
  # Avoiding gsub! because there are edge cases with frozen strings
  component = component.gsub(character_class) do |char|
    SEQUENCE_UPCASED_PERCENT_ENCODING_TABLE[char.ord]
  end
  if upcase_encoded.length > 0
    upcase_encoded_chars = upcase_encoded.bytes.map do |byte|
      SEQUENCE_ENCODING_TABLE[byte]
    end
    component = component.gsub(/%(#{upcase_encoded_chars.join('|')})/,
                               &:upcase)
  end

  return component
end

.form_encode(form_values, sort = false) ⇒ String

Encodes a set of key/value pairs according to the rules for the application/x-www-form-urlencoded MIME type.

Parameters:

  • form_values (#to_hash, #to_ary) —

    The form values to encode.

  • sort (TrueClass, FalseClass) (defaults to: false) —

    Sort the key/value pairs prior to encoding. Defaults to false.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The encoded value.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 740

def self.form_encode(form_values, sort=false)
  if form_values.respond_to?(:to_hash)
    form_values = form_values.to_hash.to_a
  elsif form_values.respond_to?(:to_ary)
    form_values = form_values.to_ary
  else
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{form_values.class} into Array."
  end

  form_values = form_values.inject([]) do |accu, (key, value)|
    if value.kind_of?(Array)
      value.each do |v|
        accu << [key.to_s, v.to_s]
      end
    else
      accu << [key.to_s, value.to_s]
    end
    accu
  end

  if sort
    # Useful for OAuth and optimizing caching systems
    form_values = form_values.sort
  end
  escaped_form_values = form_values.map do |(key, value)|
    # Line breaks are CRLF pairs
    [
      self.encode_component(
        key.gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\r\n"),
        CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED
      ).gsub("%20", "+"),
      self.encode_component(
        value.gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\r\n"),
        CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED
      ).gsub("%20", "+")
    ]
  end
  return escaped_form_values.map do |(key, value)|
    "#{key}=#{value}"
  end.join("&")
end

.form_unencode(encoded_value) ⇒ Array

Decodes a String according to the rules for the application/x-www-form-urlencoded MIME type.

Parameters:

  • encoded_value (String, #to_str) —

    The form values to decode.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    The decoded values. This is not a Hash because of the possibility for duplicate keys.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 793

def self.form_unencode(encoded_value)
  if !encoded_value.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{encoded_value.class} into String."
  end
  encoded_value = encoded_value.to_str
  split_values = encoded_value.split("&").map do |pair|
    pair.split("=", 2)
  end
  return split_values.map do |(key, value)|
    [
      key ? self.unencode_component(
        key.gsub("+", "%20")).gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\n") : nil,
      value ? (self.unencode_component(
        value.gsub("+", "%20")).gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\n")) : nil
    ]
  end
end

.heuristic_parse(uri, hints = {}) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Converts an input to a URI. The input does not have to be a valid URI — the method will use heuristics to guess what URI was intended. This is not standards-compliant, merely user-friendly.

Parameters:

  • uri (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    The URI string to parse. No parsing is performed if the object is already an Addressable::URI.

  • hints (Hash) (defaults to: {}) —

    A Hash of hints to the heuristic parser. Defaults to {:scheme => "http"}.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 191

def self.heuristic_parse(uri, hints={})
  # If we were given nil, return nil.
  return nil unless uri
  # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
  return uri.dup if uri.kind_of?(self)

  # If a URI object of the Ruby standard library variety is passed,
  # convert it to a string, then parse the string.
  # We do the check this way because we don't want to accidentally
  # cause a missing constant exception to be thrown.
  if uri.class.name =~ /^URI\b/
    uri = uri.to_s
  end

  unless uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end
  # Otherwise, convert to a String
  uri = uri.to_str.dup.strip
  hints = {
    :scheme => "http"
  }.merge(hints)
  case uri
  when /^http:\//i
    uri.sub!(/^http:\/+/i, "http://")
  when /^https:\//i
    uri.sub!(/^https:\/+/i, "https://")
  when /^feed:\/+http:\//i
    uri.sub!(/^feed:\/+http:\/+/i, "feed:http://")
  when /^feed:\//i
    uri.sub!(/^feed:\/+/i, "feed://")
  when %r[^file:/{4}]i
    uri.sub!(%r[^file:/+]i, "file:////")
  when %r[^file://localhost/]i
    uri.sub!(%r[^file://localhost/+]i, "file:///")
  when %r[^file:/+]i
    uri.sub!(%r[^file:/+]i, "file:///")
  when /^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/
    uri.sub!(/^/, hints[:scheme] + "://")
  when /\A\d+\..*:\d+\z/
    uri = "#{hints[:scheme]}://#{uri}"
  end
  match = uri.match(URIREGEX)
  fragments = match.captures
  authority = fragments[3]
  if authority && authority.length > 0
    new_authority = authority.tr("\\", "/").gsub(" ", "%20")
    # NOTE: We want offset 4, not 3!
    offset = match.offset(4)
    uri = uri.dup
    uri[offset[0]...offset[1]] = new_authority
  end
  parsed = self.parse(uri)
  if parsed.scheme =~ /^[^\/?#\.]+\.[^\/?#]+$/
    parsed = self.parse(hints[:scheme] + "://" + uri)
  end
  if parsed.path.include?(".")
    if parsed.path[/\b@\b/]
      parsed.scheme = "mailto" unless parsed.scheme
    elsif new_host = parsed.path[/^([^\/]+\.[^\/]*)/, 1]
      parsed.defer_validation do
        new_path = parsed.path.sub(
          Regexp.new("^" + Regexp.escape(new_host)), EMPTY_STR)
        parsed.host = new_host
        parsed.path = new_path
        parsed.scheme = hints[:scheme] unless parsed.scheme
      end
    end
  end
  return parsed
end

.ip_based_schemes ⇒ Object

Returns an array of known ip-based schemes. These schemes typically use a similar URI form: //<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<url-path>



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1369

def self.ip_based_schemes
  return self.port_mapping.keys
end

.join(*uris) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Joins several URIs together.

Examples:

base = "http://example.com/"
uri = Addressable::URI.parse("relative/path")
Addressable::URI.join(base, uri)
#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcab390 URI:http://example.com/relative/path>

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 343

def self.join(*uris)
  uri_objects = uris.collect do |uri|
    unless uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
      raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
    end
    uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri.to_str)
  end
  result = uri_objects.shift.dup
  uri_objects.each do |uri|
    result.join!(uri)
  end
  return result
end

.normalize_component(component, character_class = CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED, leave_encoded = '') ⇒ String

Normalizes the encoding of a URI component.

Examples:

Addressable::URI.normalize_component("simpl%65/%65xampl%65", "b-zB-Z")
=> "simple%2Fex%61mple"
Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
  "simpl%65/%65xampl%65", /[^b-zB-Z]/
)
=> "simple%2Fex%61mple"
Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
  "simpl%65/%65xampl%65",
  Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
)
=> "simple%2Fexample"
Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
  "one%20two%2fthree%26four",
  "0-9a-zA-Z &/",
  "/"
)
=> "one two%2Fthree&four"

Parameters:

  • component (String, #to_str) —

    The URI component to encode.

  • character_class (String, Regexp) (defaults to: CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED) —

    The characters which are not percent encoded. If a String is passed, the String must be formatted as a regular expression character class. (Do not include the surrounding square brackets.) For example, "b-zB-Z0-9" would cause everything but the letters ‘b’ through ‘z’ and the numbers ‘0’ through ‘9’ to be percent encoded. If a Regexp is passed, the value /[^b-zB-Z0-9]/ would have the same effect. A set of useful String values may be found in the Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses module. The default value is the reserved plus unreserved character classes specified in <a href=“www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt”>RFC 3986</a>.

  • leave_encoded (String) (defaults to: '') —

    When character_class is a String then leave_encoded is a string of characters that should remain percent encoded while normalizing the component; if they appear percent encoded in the original component, then they will be upcased (“%2f” normalized to “%2F”) but otherwise left alone.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The normalized component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 552

def self.normalize_component(component, character_class=
    CharacterClassesRegexps::RESERVED_AND_UNRESERVED,
    leave_encoded='')
  return nil if component.nil?

  begin
    component = component.to_str
  rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{component.class} into String."
  end if !component.is_a? String

  if ![String, Regexp].include?(character_class.class)
    raise TypeError,
      "Expected String or Regexp, got #{character_class.inspect}"
  end
  if character_class.kind_of?(String)
    leave_re = if leave_encoded.length > 0
      character_class = "#{character_class}%" unless character_class.include?('%')

      bytes = leave_encoded.bytes
      leave_encoded_pattern = bytes.map { |b| SEQUENCE_ENCODING_TABLE[b] }.join('|')
      "|%(?!#{leave_encoded_pattern}|#{leave_encoded_pattern.upcase})"
    end

    character_class = if leave_re
                        /[^#{character_class}]#{leave_re}/
                      else
                        /[^#{character_class}]/
                      end
  end
  # We can't perform regexps on invalid UTF sequences, but
  # here we need to, so switch to ASCII.
  component = component.dup
  component.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
  unencoded = self.unencode_component(component, String, leave_encoded)
  begin
    encoded = self.encode_component(
      unencoded.unicode_normalize(:nfc),
      character_class,
      leave_encoded
    )
  rescue ArgumentError
    encoded = self.encode_component(unencoded)
  end
  encoded.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
  return encoded
end

.normalized_encode(uri, return_type = String) ⇒ String, Addressable::URI

Normalizes the encoding of a URI. Characters within a hostname are not percent encoded to allow for internationalized domain names.

Parameters:

  • uri (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    The URI to encode.

  • return_type (Class) (defaults to: String) —

    The type of object to return. This value may only be set to String or Addressable::URI. All other values are invalid. Defaults to String.

Returns:

  • (String, Addressable::URI) —

    The encoded URI. The return type is determined by the return_type parameter.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 671

def self.normalized_encode(uri, return_type=String)
  begin
    uri = uri.to_str
  rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end if !uri.is_a? String

  if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
    raise TypeError,
      "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
      "got #{return_type.inspect}"
  end
  uri_object = uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri)
  components = {
    :scheme => self.unencode_component(uri_object.scheme),
    :user => self.unencode_component(uri_object.user),
    :password => self.unencode_component(uri_object.password),
    :host => self.unencode_component(uri_object.host),
    :port => (uri_object.port.nil? ? nil : uri_object.port.to_s),
    :path => self.unencode_component(uri_object.path),
    :query => self.unencode_component(uri_object.query),
    :fragment => self.unencode_component(uri_object.fragment)
  }
  components.each do |key, value|
    if value != nil
      begin
        components[key] = value.to_str.unicode_normalize(:nfc)
      rescue ArgumentError
        # Likely a malformed UTF-8 character, skip unicode normalization
        components[key] = value.to_str
      end
    end
  end
  encoded_uri = Addressable::URI.new(
    :scheme => self.encode_component(components[:scheme],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::SCHEME),
    :user => self.encode_component(components[:user],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED),
    :password => self.encode_component(components[:password],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED),
    :host => components[:host],
    :port => components[:port],
    :path => self.encode_component(components[:path],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::PATH),
    :query => self.encode_component(components[:query],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::QUERY),
    :fragment => self.encode_component(components[:fragment],
      Addressable::URI::CharacterClassesRegexps::FRAGMENT)
  )
  if return_type == String
    return encoded_uri.to_s
  elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
    return encoded_uri
  end
end

.parse(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Returns a URI object based on the parsed string.

Parameters:

  • uri (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    The URI string to parse. No parsing is performed if the object is already an Addressable::URI.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 114

def self.parse(uri)
  # If we were given nil, return nil.
  return nil unless uri
  # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
  return uri.dup if uri.kind_of?(self)

  # If a URI object of the Ruby standard library variety is passed,
  # convert it to a string, then parse the string.
  # We do the check this way because we don't want to accidentally
  # cause a missing constant exception to be thrown.
  if uri.class.name =~ /^URI\b/
    uri = uri.to_s
  end

  # Otherwise, convert to a String
  begin
    uri = uri.to_str
  rescue TypeError, NoMethodError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end unless uri.is_a?(String)

  # This Regexp supplied as an example in RFC 3986, and it works great.
  scan = uri.scan(URIREGEX)
  fragments = scan[0]
  scheme = fragments[1]
  authority = fragments[3]
  path = fragments[4]
  query = fragments[6]
  fragment = fragments[8]
  user = nil
  password = nil
  host = nil
  port = nil
  if authority != nil
    # The Regexp above doesn't split apart the authority.
    userinfo = authority[/^([^\[\]]*)@/, 1]
    if userinfo != nil
      user = userinfo.strip[/^([^:]*):?/, 1]
      password = userinfo.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
    end

    host = authority.sub(
      /^([^\[\]]*)@/, EMPTY_STR
    ).sub(
      /:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, EMPTY_STR
    )

    port = authority[/:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, 1]
    port = nil if port == EMPTY_STR
  end

  return new(
    :scheme => scheme,
    :user => user,
    :password => password,
    :host => host,
    :port => port,
    :path => path,
    :query => query,
    :fragment => fragment
  )
end

.port_mapping ⇒ Object

Returns a hash of common IP-based schemes and their default port numbers. Adding new schemes to this hash, as necessary, will allow for better URI normalization.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1376

def self.port_mapping
  PORT_MAPPING
end

.unencode(uri, return_type = String, leave_encoded = '') ⇒ String, Addressable::URI Also known as: unescape, unencode_component, unescape_component

Unencodes any percent encoded characters within a URI component. This method may be used for unencoding either components or full URIs, however, it is recommended to use the unencode_component alias when unencoding components.

Parameters:

  • uri (String, Addressable::URI, #to_str) —

    The URI or component to unencode.

  • return_type (Class) (defaults to: String) —

    The type of object to return. This value may only be set to String or Addressable::URI. All other values are invalid. Defaults to String.

  • leave_encoded (String) (defaults to: '') —

    A string of characters to leave encoded. If a percent encoded character in this list is encountered then it will remain percent encoded.

Returns:

  • (String, Addressable::URI) —

    The unencoded component or URI. The return type is determined by the return_type parameter.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 472

def self.unencode(uri, return_type=String, leave_encoded='')
  return nil if uri.nil?

  begin
    uri = uri.to_str
  rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end if !uri.is_a? String
  if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
    raise TypeError,
      "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
      "got #{return_type.inspect}"
  end

  result = uri.gsub(/%[0-9a-f]{2}/i) do |sequence|
    c = sequence[1..3].to_i(16).chr
    c.force_encoding(sequence.encoding)
    leave_encoded.include?(c) ? sequence : c
  end

  result.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
  if return_type == String
    return result
  elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
    return ::Addressable::URI.parse(result)
  end
end

Instance Method Details

#==(uri) ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Returns true if the URI objects are equal. This method normalizes both URIs before doing the comparison.

Parameters:

  • uri (Object) —

    The URI to compare.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the URIs are equivalent, false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2239

def ==(uri)
  return false unless uri.kind_of?(URI)
  return self.normalize.to_s == uri.normalize.to_s
end

#===(uri) ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Returns true if the URI objects are equal. This method normalizes both URIs before doing the comparison, and allows comparison against Strings.

Parameters:

  • uri (Object) —

    The URI to compare.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the URIs are equivalent, false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2217

def ===(uri)
  if uri.respond_to?(:normalize)
    uri_string = uri.normalize.to_s
  else
    begin
      uri_string = ::Addressable::URI.parse(uri).normalize.to_s
    rescue InvalidURIError, TypeError
      return false
    end
  end
  return self.normalize.to_s == uri_string
end

#absolute? ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Determines if the URI is absolute.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the URI is absolute. false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1879

def absolute?
  return !relative?
end

#authority ⇒ String

The authority component for this URI. Combines the user, password, host, and port components.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The authority component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1234

def authority
  self.host && @authority ||= begin
    authority = String.new
    if self.userinfo != nil
      authority << "#{self.userinfo}@"
    end
    authority << self.host
    if self.port != nil
      authority << ":#{self.port}"
    end
    authority
  end
end

#authority=(new_authority) ⇒ Object

Sets the authority component for this URI.

Parameters:

  • new_authority (String, #to_str) —

    The new authority component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1274

def authority=(new_authority)
  if new_authority
    if !new_authority.respond_to?(:to_str)
      raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_authority.class} into String."
    end
    new_authority = new_authority.to_str
    new_userinfo = new_authority[/^([^\[\]]*)@/, 1]
    if new_userinfo
      new_user = new_userinfo.strip[/^([^:]*):?/, 1]
      new_password = new_userinfo.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
    end
    new_host = new_authority.sub(
      /^([^\[\]]*)@/, EMPTY_STR
    ).sub(
      /:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, EMPTY_STR
    )
    new_port =
      new_authority[/:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, 1]
  end

  # Password assigned first to ensure validity in case of nil
  self.password = new_password
  self.user = new_user
  self.host = new_host
  self.port = new_port

  # Reset dependent values
  @userinfo = nil
  @normalized_userinfo = NONE
  remove_composite_values

  # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
  validate()
end

#basename ⇒ String

The basename, if any, of the file in the path component.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The path’s basename.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1588

def basename
  # Path cannot be nil
  return File.basename(self.path).sub(/;[^\/]*$/, EMPTY_STR)
end

#default_port ⇒ Integer

The default port for this URI’s scheme. This method will always returns the default port for the URI’s scheme regardless of the presence of an explicit port in the URI.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    The default port.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1454

def default_port
  URI.port_mapping[self.scheme.strip.downcase] if self.scheme
end

#defer_validation ⇒ Object

This method allows you to make several changes to a URI simultaneously, which separately would cause validation errors, but in conjunction, are valid. The URI will be revalidated as soon as the entire block has been executed.

Parameters:

  • block (Proc) —

    A set of operations to perform on a given URI.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2396

def defer_validation
  raise LocalJumpError, "No block given." unless block_given?
  @validation_deferred = true
  yield
  @validation_deferred = false
  validate
ensure
  @validation_deferred = false
end

#display_uri ⇒ Addressable::URI

Creates a URI suitable for display to users. If semantic attacks are likely, the application should try to detect these and warn the user. See <a href=“www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt”>RFC 3986</a>, section 7.6 for more information.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2201

def display_uri
  display_uri = self.normalize
  display_uri.host = ::Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(display_uri.host)
  return display_uri
end

#domain ⇒ Object

Returns the public suffix domain for this host.

Examples:

Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.example.co.uk").domain # => "example.co.uk"


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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1225

def domain
  PublicSuffix.domain(self.host, ignore_private: true)
end

#dup ⇒ Addressable::URI

Clones the URI object.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2271

def dup
  duplicated_uri = self.class.new(
    :scheme => self.scheme ? self.scheme.dup : nil,
    :user => self.user ? self.user.dup : nil,
    :password => self.password ? self.password.dup : nil,
    :host => self.host ? self.host.dup : nil,
    :port => self.port,
    :path => self.path ? self.path.dup : nil,
    :query => self.query ? self.query.dup : nil,
    :fragment => self.fragment ? self.fragment.dup : nil
  )
  return duplicated_uri
end

#empty? ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Determines if the URI is an empty string.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    Returns true if empty, false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2333

def empty?
  return self.to_s.empty?
end

#encode_with(coder) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2406

def encode_with(coder)
  instance_variables.each do |ivar|
    value = instance_variable_get(ivar)
    if value != NONE
      key = ivar.to_s.slice(1..-1)
      coder[key] = value
    end
  end
  nil
end

#eql?(uri) ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Returns true if the URI objects are equal. This method does NOT normalize either URI before doing the comparison.

Parameters:

  • uri (Object) —

    The URI to compare.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the URIs are equivalent, false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2253

def eql?(uri)
  return false unless uri.kind_of?(URI)
  return self.to_s == uri.to_s
end

#extname ⇒ String

The extname, if any, of the file in the path component. Empty string if there is no extension.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The path’s extname.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1598

def extname
  return nil unless self.path
  return File.extname(self.basename)
end

#freeze ⇒ Addressable::URI

Freeze URI, initializing instance variables.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 870

def freeze
  self.normalized_scheme
  self.normalized_user
  self.normalized_password
  self.normalized_userinfo
  self.normalized_host
  self.normalized_port
  self.normalized_authority
  self.normalized_site
  self.normalized_path
  self.normalized_query
  self.normalized_fragment
  self.hash
  super
end

#hash ⇒ Integer

A hash value that will make a URI equivalent to its normalized form.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    A hash of the URI.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2263

def hash
  @hash ||= self.to_s.hash * -1
end

#hostname ⇒ String

This method is same as URI::Generic#host except brackets for IPv6 (and ‘IPvFuture’) addresses are removed.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The hostname for this URI.

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1178

def hostname
  v = self.host
  /\A\[(.*)\]\z/ =~ v ? $1 : v
end

#hostname=(new_hostname) ⇒ Object

This method is same as URI::Generic#host= except the argument can be a bare IPv6 address (or ‘IPvFuture’).

Parameters:

  • new_hostname (String, #to_str) —

    The new hostname for this URI.

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1190

def hostname=(new_hostname)
  if new_hostname &&
      (new_hostname.respond_to?(:ipv4?) || new_hostname.respond_to?(:ipv6?))
    new_hostname = new_hostname.to_s
  elsif new_hostname && !new_hostname.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_hostname.class} into String."
  end
  v = new_hostname ? new_hostname.to_str : nil
  v = "[#{v}]" if /\A\[.*\]\z/ !~ v && /:/ =~ v
  self.host = v
end

#inferred_port ⇒ Integer

The inferred port component for this URI. This method will normalize to the default port for the URI’s scheme if the port isn’t explicitly specified in the URI.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    The inferred port component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1440

def inferred_port
  if self.port.to_i == 0
    self.default_port
  else
    self.port.to_i
  end
end

#init_with(coder) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2417

def init_with(coder)
  reset_ivs
  coder.map.each do |key, value|
    instance_variable_set("@#{key}", value)
  end
  nil
end

#inspect ⇒ String

Returns a String representation of the URI object’s state.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The URI object’s state, as a String.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2384

def inspect
  sprintf("#<%s:%#0x URI:%s>", URI.to_s, self.object_id, self.to_s)
end

#ip_based? ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Determines if the scheme indicates an IP-based protocol.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the scheme indicates an IP-based protocol. false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1855

def ip_based?
  if self.scheme
    return URI.ip_based_schemes.include?(
      self.scheme.strip.downcase)
  end
  return false
end

#join(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI Also known as: +

Joins two URIs together.

Parameters:

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1889

def join(uri)
  if !uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
  end
  if !uri.kind_of?(URI)
    # Otherwise, convert to a String, then parse.
    uri = URI.parse(uri.to_str)
  end
  if uri.to_s.empty?
    return self.dup
  end

  joined_scheme = nil
  joined_user = nil
  joined_password = nil
  joined_host = nil
  joined_port = nil
  joined_path = nil
  joined_query = nil
  joined_fragment = nil

  # Section 5.2.2 of RFC 3986
  if uri.scheme != nil
    joined_scheme = uri.scheme
    joined_user = uri.user
    joined_password = uri.password
    joined_host = uri.host
    joined_port = uri.port
    joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
    joined_query = uri.query
  else
    if uri.authority != nil
      joined_user = uri.user
      joined_password = uri.password
      joined_host = uri.host
      joined_port = uri.port
      joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
      joined_query = uri.query
    else
      if uri.path == nil || uri.path.empty?
        joined_path = self.path
        if uri.query != nil
          joined_query = uri.query
        else
          joined_query = self.query
        end
      else
        if uri.path[0..0] == SLASH
          joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
        else
          base_path = self.path.dup
          base_path = EMPTY_STR if base_path == nil
          base_path = URI.normalize_path(base_path)

          # Section 5.2.3 of RFC 3986
          #
          # Removes the right-most path segment from the base path.
          if base_path.include?(SLASH)
            base_path.sub!(/\/[^\/]+$/, SLASH)
          else
            base_path = EMPTY_STR
          end

          # If the base path is empty and an authority segment has been
          # defined, use a base path of SLASH
          if base_path.empty? && self.authority != nil
            base_path = SLASH
          end

          joined_path = URI.normalize_path(base_path + uri.path)
        end
        joined_query = uri.query
      end
      joined_user = self.user
      joined_password = self.password
      joined_host = self.host
      joined_port = self.port
    end
    joined_scheme = self.scheme
  end
  joined_fragment = uri.fragment

  return self.class.new(
    :scheme => joined_scheme,
    :user => joined_user,
    :password => joined_password,
    :host => joined_host,
    :port => joined_port,
    :path => joined_path,
    :query => joined_query,
    :fragment => joined_fragment
  )
end

#join!(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Destructive form of join.

Parameters:

Returns:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1992

def join!(uri)
  replace_self(self.join(uri))
end

#merge(hash) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Merges a URI with a Hash of components. This method has different behavior from join. Any components present in the hash parameter will override the original components. The path component is not treated specially.

Parameters:

Returns:

See Also:

  • Hash#merge


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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2007

def merge(hash)
  unless hash.respond_to?(:to_hash)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{hash.class} into Hash."
  end
  hash = hash.to_hash

  if hash.has_key?(:authority)
    if (hash.keys & [:userinfo, :user, :password, :host, :port]).any?
      raise ArgumentError,
        "Cannot specify both an authority and any of the components " +
        "within the authority."
    end
  end
  if hash.has_key?(:userinfo)
    if (hash.keys & [:user, :password]).any?
      raise ArgumentError,
        "Cannot specify both a userinfo and either the user or password."
    end
  end

  uri = self.class.new
  uri.defer_validation do
    # Bunch of crazy logic required because of the composite components
    # like userinfo and authority.
    uri.scheme =
      hash.has_key?(:scheme) ? hash[:scheme] : self.scheme
    if hash.has_key?(:authority)
      uri.authority =
        hash.has_key?(:authority) ? hash[:authority] : self.authority
    end
    if hash.has_key?(:userinfo)
      uri.userinfo =
        hash.has_key?(:userinfo) ? hash[:userinfo] : self.userinfo
    end
    if !hash.has_key?(:userinfo) && !hash.has_key?(:authority)
      uri.user =
        hash.has_key?(:user) ? hash[:user] : self.user
      uri.password =
        hash.has_key?(:password) ? hash[:password] : self.password
    end
    if !hash.has_key?(:authority)
      uri.host =
        hash.has_key?(:host) ? hash[:host] : self.host
      uri.port =
        hash.has_key?(:port) ? hash[:port] : self.port
    end
    uri.path =
      hash.has_key?(:path) ? hash[:path] : self.path
    uri.query =
      hash.has_key?(:query) ? hash[:query] : self.query
    uri.fragment =
      hash.has_key?(:fragment) ? hash[:fragment] : self.fragment
  end

  return uri
end

#merge!(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Destructive form of merge.

Parameters:

Returns:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2072

def merge!(uri)
  replace_self(self.merge(uri))
end

#normalize ⇒ Addressable::URI

Returns a normalized URI object.

NOTE: This method does not attempt to fully conform to specifications. It exists largely to correct other people’s failures to read the specifications, and also to deal with caching issues since several different URIs may represent the same resource and should not be cached multiple times.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2164

def normalize
  # This is a special exception for the frequently misused feed
  # URI scheme.
  if normalized_scheme == "feed"
    if self.to_s =~ /^feed:\/*http:\/*/
      return URI.parse(
        self.to_s[/^feed:\/*(http:\/*.*)/, 1]
      ).normalize
    end
  end

  return self.class.new(
    :scheme => normalized_scheme,
    :authority => normalized_authority,
    :path => normalized_path,
    :query => normalized_query,
    :fragment => normalized_fragment
  )
end

#normalize! ⇒ Addressable::URI

Destructively normalizes this URI object.

Returns:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2190

def normalize!
  replace_self(self.normalize)
end

#normalized_authority ⇒ String

The authority component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The authority component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1252

def normalized_authority
  return nil unless self.authority
  @normalized_authority ||= begin
    authority = String.new
    if self.normalized_userinfo != nil
      authority << "#{self.normalized_userinfo}@"
    end
    authority << self.normalized_host
    if self.normalized_port != nil
      authority << ":#{self.normalized_port}"
    end
    authority
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_authority)
  @normalized_authority
end

#normalized_fragment ⇒ String

The fragment component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The fragment component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1816

def normalized_fragment
  return nil unless self.fragment
  return @normalized_fragment unless @normalized_fragment == NONE
  @normalized_fragment = begin
    component = Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
      self.fragment,
      Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::FRAGMENT
    )
    component == "" ? nil : component
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_fragment)
  @normalized_fragment
end

#normalized_host ⇒ String

The host component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The host component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1126

def normalized_host
  return nil unless self.host

  @normalized_host ||= begin
    if !self.host.strip.empty?
      result = ::Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
        URI.unencode_component(self.host.strip.downcase)
      )
      if result =~ /[^\.]\.$/
        # Single trailing dots are unnecessary.
        result = result[0...-1]
      end
      result = Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        result,
        NormalizeCharacterClasses::HOST
      )
      result
    else
      EMPTY_STR.dup
    end
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_host)
  @normalized_host
end

#normalized_password ⇒ String

The password component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The password component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1002

def normalized_password
  return nil unless self.password
  return @normalized_password unless @normalized_password == NONE
  @normalized_password = begin
    if self.normalized_scheme =~ /https?/ && self.password.strip.empty? &&
        (!self.user || self.user.strip.empty?)
      nil
    else
      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        self.password.strip,
        Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
      )
    end
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_password)
  @normalized_password
end

#normalized_path ⇒ String

The path component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The path component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1535

def normalized_path
  @normalized_path ||= begin
    path = self.path.to_s
    if self.scheme == nil && path =~ NORMPATH
      # Relative paths with colons in the first segment are ambiguous.
      path = path.sub(":", "%2F")
    end
    # String#split(delimeter, -1) uses the more strict splitting behavior
    # found by default in Python.
    result = path.strip.split(SLASH, -1).map do |segment|
      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        segment,
        Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::PCHAR
      )
    end.join(SLASH)

    result = URI.normalize_path(result)
    if result.empty? &&
        ["http", "https", "ftp", "tftp"].include?(self.normalized_scheme)
      result = SLASH.dup
    end
    result
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_path)
  @normalized_path
end

#normalized_port ⇒ Integer

The port component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    The port component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1392

def normalized_port
  return nil unless self.port
  return @normalized_port unless @normalized_port == NONE
  @normalized_port = begin
    if URI.port_mapping[self.normalized_scheme] == self.port
      nil
    else
      self.port
    end
  end
end

#normalized_query(*flags) ⇒ String

The query component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The query component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1613

def normalized_query(*flags)
  return nil unless self.query
  return @normalized_query unless @normalized_query == NONE
  @normalized_query = begin
    modified_query_class = Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::QUERY.dup
    # Make sure possible key-value pair delimiters are escaped.
    modified_query_class.sub!("\\&", "").sub!("\\;", "")
    pairs = (query || "").split("&", -1)
    pairs.delete_if(&:empty?).uniq! if flags.include?(:compacted)
    pairs.sort! if flags.include?(:sorted)
    component = pairs.map do |pair|
      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        pair,
        Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::QUERY,
        "+"
      )
    end.join("&")
    component == "" ? nil : component
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_query)
  @normalized_query
end

#normalized_scheme ⇒ String

The scheme component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The scheme component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 896

def normalized_scheme
  return nil unless self.scheme
  if @normalized_scheme == NONE
    @normalized_scheme = if self.scheme =~ /^\s*ssh\+svn\s*$/i
      "svn+ssh".dup
    else
      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        self.scheme.strip.downcase,
        Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::SCHEME
      )
    end
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_scheme)
  @normalized_scheme
end

#normalized_site ⇒ String

The normalized combination of components that represent a site. Combines the scheme, user, password, host, and port components. Primarily useful for HTTP and HTTPS.

For example, "http://example.com/path?query" would have a site value of "http://example.com".

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The normalized components that identify a site.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1485

def normalized_site
  return nil unless self.site
  @normalized_site ||= begin
    site_string = "".dup
    if self.normalized_scheme != nil
      site_string << "#{self.normalized_scheme}:"
    end
    if self.normalized_authority != nil
      site_string << "//#{self.normalized_authority}"
    end
    site_string
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_site)
  @normalized_site
end

#normalized_user ⇒ String

The user component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The user component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 947

def normalized_user
  return nil unless self.user
  return @normalized_user unless @normalized_user == NONE
  @normalized_user = begin
    if normalized_scheme =~ /https?/ && self.user.strip.empty? &&
        (!self.password || self.password.strip.empty?)
      nil
    else
      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
        self.user.strip,
        Addressable::URI::NormalizeCharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
      )
    end
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_user)
  @normalized_user
end

#normalized_userinfo ⇒ String

The userinfo component for this URI, normalized.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The userinfo component, normalized.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1068

def normalized_userinfo
  return nil unless self.userinfo
  return @normalized_userinfo unless @normalized_userinfo == NONE
  @normalized_userinfo = begin
    current_user = self.normalized_user
    current_password = self.normalized_password
    if !current_user && !current_password
      nil
    elsif current_user && current_password
      "#{current_user}:#{current_password}".dup
    elsif current_user && !current_password
      "#{current_user}".dup
    end
  end
  # All normalized values should be UTF-8
  force_utf8_encoding_if_needed(@normalized_userinfo)
  @normalized_userinfo
end

#omit(*components) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Omits components from a URI.

Examples:

uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path?query")
#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcc5e7a URI:http://example.com/path?query>
uri.omit(:scheme, :authority)
#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcc4d86 URI:/path?query>

Parameters:

  • *components (Symbol) —

    The components to be omitted.

Returns:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2297

def omit(*components)
  invalid_components = components - [
    :scheme, :user, :password, :userinfo, :host, :port, :authority,
    :path, :query, :fragment
  ]
  unless invalid_components.empty?
    raise ArgumentError,
      "Invalid component names: #{invalid_components.inspect}."
  end
  duplicated_uri = self.dup
  duplicated_uri.defer_validation do
    components.each do |component|
      duplicated_uri.send((component.to_s + "=").to_sym, nil)
    end
    duplicated_uri.user = duplicated_uri.normalized_user
  end
  duplicated_uri
end

#omit!(*components) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Destructive form of omit.

Parameters:

  • *components (Symbol) —

    The components to be omitted.

Returns:

See Also:



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2324

def omit!(*components)
  replace_self(self.omit(*components))
end

#origin ⇒ String

The origin for this URI, serialized to ASCII, as per RFC 6454, section 6.2.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The serialized origin.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1314

def origin
  if self.scheme && self.authority
    if self.normalized_port
      "#{self.normalized_scheme}://#{self.normalized_host}" +
      ":#{self.normalized_port}"
    else
      "#{self.normalized_scheme}://#{self.normalized_host}"
    end
  else
    "null"
  end
end

#origin=(new_origin) ⇒ Object

Sets the origin for this URI, serialized to ASCII, as per RFC 6454, section 6.2. This assignment will reset the ‘userinfo` component.

Parameters:

  • new_origin (String, #to_str) —

    The new origin component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1333

def origin=(new_origin)
  if new_origin
    if !new_origin.respond_to?(:to_str)
      raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_origin.class} into String."
    end
    new_origin = new_origin.to_str
    new_scheme = new_origin[/^([^:\/?#]+):\/\//, 1]
    unless new_scheme
      raise InvalidURIError, 'An origin cannot omit the scheme.'
    end
    new_host = new_origin[/:\/\/([^\/?#:]+)/, 1]
    unless new_host
      raise InvalidURIError, 'An origin cannot omit the host.'
    end
    new_port = new_origin[/:([^:@\[\]\/]*?)$/, 1]
  end

  self.scheme = new_scheme
  self.host = new_host
  self.port = new_port
  self.userinfo = nil

  # Reset dependent values
  @userinfo = nil
  @normalized_userinfo = NONE
  @authority = nil
  @normalized_authority = nil
  remove_composite_values

  # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
  validate()
end

#query_values(return_type = Hash) ⇒ Hash, ...

Converts the query component to a Hash value.

Examples:

Addressable::URI.parse("?one=1&two=2&three=3").query_values
#=> {"one" => "1", "two" => "2", "three" => "3"}
Addressable::URI.parse("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Array)
#=> [["one", "two"], ["one", "three"]]
Addressable::URI.parse("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Hash)
#=> {"one" => "three"}
Addressable::URI.parse("?").query_values
#=> {}
Addressable::URI.parse("").query_values
#=> nil

Parameters:

  • return_type (Class) (defaults to: Hash) —

    The return type desired. Value must be either ‘Hash` or `Array`.

Returns:

  • (Hash, Array, nil) —

    The query string parsed as a Hash or Array or nil if the query string is blank.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1672

def query_values(return_type=Hash)
  empty_accumulator = Array == return_type ? [] : {}
  if return_type != Hash && return_type != Array
    raise ArgumentError, "Invalid return type. Must be Hash or Array."
  end
  return nil if self.query == nil
  split_query = self.query.split("&").map do |pair|
    pair.split("=", 2) if pair && !pair.empty?
  end.compact
  return split_query.inject(empty_accumulator.dup) do |accu, pair|
    # I'd rather use key/value identifiers instead of array lookups,
    # but in this case I really want to maintain the exact pair structure,
    # so it's best to make all changes in-place.
    pair[0] = URI.unencode_component(pair[0])
    if pair[1].respond_to?(:to_str)
      value = pair[1].to_str
      # I loathe the fact that I have to do this. Stupid HTML 4.01.
      # Treating '+' as a space was just an unbelievably bad idea.
      # There was nothing wrong with '%20'!
      # If it ain't broke, don't fix it!
      value = value.tr("+", " ") if ["http", "https", nil].include?(scheme)
      pair[1] = URI.unencode_component(value)
    end
    if return_type == Hash
      accu[pair[0]] = pair[1]
    else
      accu << pair
    end
    accu
  end
end

#query_values=(new_query_values) ⇒ Object

Sets the query component for this URI from a Hash object. An empty Hash or Array will result in an empty query string.

Examples:

uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
uri.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', 'c'], ['b', 'd'], ['b', 'e']]
uri.query
# => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
uri.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', ['c', 'd', 'e']]]
uri.query
# => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
uri.query_values = [['flag'], ['key', 'value']]
uri.query
# => "flag&key=value"

Parameters:

  • new_query_values (Hash, #to_hash, Array) —

    The new query values.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1723

def query_values=(new_query_values)
  if new_query_values == nil
    self.query = nil
    return nil
  end

  if !new_query_values.is_a?(Array)
    if !new_query_values.respond_to?(:to_hash)
      raise TypeError,
        "Can't convert #{new_query_values.class} into Hash."
    end
    new_query_values = new_query_values.to_hash
    new_query_values = new_query_values.map do |key, value|
      key = key.to_s if key.kind_of?(Symbol)
      [key, value]
    end
    # Useful default for OAuth and caching.
    # Only to be used for non-Array inputs. Arrays should preserve order.
    new_query_values.sort!
  end

  # new_query_values have form [['key1', 'value1'], ['key2', 'value2']]
  buffer = "".dup
  new_query_values.each do |key, value|
    encoded_key = URI.encode_component(
      key, CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED
    )
    if value == nil
      buffer << "#{encoded_key}&"
    elsif value.kind_of?(Array)
      value.each do |sub_value|
        encoded_value = URI.encode_component(
          sub_value, CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED
        )
        buffer << "#{encoded_key}=#{encoded_value}&"
      end
    else
      encoded_value = URI.encode_component(
        value, CharacterClassesRegexps::UNRESERVED
      )
      buffer << "#{encoded_key}=#{encoded_value}&"
    end
  end
  self.query = buffer.chop
end

#relative? ⇒ TrueClass, FalseClass

Determines if the URI is relative.

Returns:

  • (TrueClass, FalseClass) —

    true if the URI is relative. false otherwise.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1869

def relative?
  return self.scheme.nil?
end

#request_uri ⇒ String

The HTTP request URI for this URI. This is the path and the query string.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The request URI required for an HTTP request.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1774

def request_uri
  return nil if self.absolute? && self.scheme !~ /^https?$/i
  return (
    (!self.path.empty? ? self.path : SLASH) +
    (self.query ? "?#{self.query}" : EMPTY_STR)
  )
end

#request_uri=(new_request_uri) ⇒ Object

Sets the HTTP request URI for this URI.

Parameters:

  • new_request_uri (String, #to_str) —

    The new HTTP request URI.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1786

def request_uri=(new_request_uri)
  if !new_request_uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_request_uri.class} into String."
  end
  if self.absolute? && self.scheme !~ /^https?$/i
    raise InvalidURIError,
      "Cannot set an HTTP request URI for a non-HTTP URI."
  end
  new_request_uri = new_request_uri.to_str
  path_component = new_request_uri[/^([^\?]*)\??(?:.*)$/, 1]
  query_component = new_request_uri[/^(?:[^\?]*)\?(.*)$/, 1]
  path_component = path_component.to_s
  path_component = (!path_component.empty? ? path_component : SLASH)
  self.path = path_component
  self.query = query_component

  # Reset dependent values
  remove_composite_values
end

#route_from(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Returns the shortest normalized relative form of this URI that uses the supplied URI as a base for resolution. Returns an absolute URI if necessary. This is effectively the opposite of route_to.

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (Addressable::URI) —

    The normalized relative URI that is equivalent to the original URI.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2085

def route_from(uri)
  uri = URI.parse(uri).normalize
  normalized_self = self.normalize
  if normalized_self.relative?
    raise ArgumentError, "Expected absolute URI, got: #{self.to_s}"
  end
  if uri.relative?
    raise ArgumentError, "Expected absolute URI, got: #{uri.to_s}"
  end
  if normalized_self == uri
    return Addressable::URI.parse("##{normalized_self.fragment}")
  end
  components = normalized_self.to_hash
  if normalized_self.scheme == uri.scheme
    components[:scheme] = nil
    if normalized_self.authority == uri.authority
      components[:user] = nil
      components[:password] = nil
      components[:host] = nil
      components[:port] = nil
      if normalized_self.path == uri.path
        components[:path] = nil
        if normalized_self.query == uri.query
          components[:query] = nil
        end
      else
        if uri.path != SLASH and components[:path]
          self_splitted_path = split_path(components[:path])
          uri_splitted_path = split_path(uri.path)
          self_dir = self_splitted_path.shift
          uri_dir = uri_splitted_path.shift
          while !self_splitted_path.empty? && !uri_splitted_path.empty? and self_dir == uri_dir
            self_dir = self_splitted_path.shift
            uri_dir = uri_splitted_path.shift
          end
          components[:path] = (uri_splitted_path.fill('..') + [self_dir] + self_splitted_path).join(SLASH)
        end
      end
    end
  end
  # Avoid network-path references.
  if components[:host] != nil
    components[:scheme] = normalized_self.scheme
  end
  return Addressable::URI.new(
    :scheme => components[:scheme],
    :user => components[:user],
    :password => components[:password],
    :host => components[:host],
    :port => components[:port],
    :path => components[:path],
    :query => components[:query],
    :fragment => components[:fragment]
  )
end

#route_to(uri) ⇒ Addressable::URI

Returns the shortest normalized relative form of the supplied URI that uses this URI as a base for resolution. Returns an absolute URI if necessary. This is effectively the opposite of route_from.

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (Addressable::URI) —

    The normalized relative URI that is equivalent to the supplied URI.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2150

def route_to(uri)
  return URI.parse(uri).route_from(self)
end

#site ⇒ String

The combination of components that represent a site. Combines the scheme, user, password, host, and port components. Primarily useful for HTTP and HTTPS.

For example, "http://example.com/path?query" would have a site value of "http://example.com".

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The components that identify a site.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1467

def site
  (self.scheme || self.authority) && @site ||= begin
    site_string = "".dup
    site_string << "#{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme != nil
    site_string << "//#{self.authority}" if self.authority != nil
    site_string
  end
end

#site=(new_site) ⇒ Object

Sets the site value for this URI.

Parameters:

  • new_site (String, #to_str) —

    The new site value.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1506

def site=(new_site)
  if new_site
    if !new_site.respond_to?(:to_str)
      raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_site.class} into String."
    end
    new_site = new_site.to_str
    # These two regular expressions derived from the primary parsing
    # expression
    self.scheme = new_site[/^(?:([^:\/?#]+):)?(?:\/\/(?:[^\/?#]*))?$/, 1]
    self.authority = new_site[
      /^(?:(?:[^:\/?#]+):)?(?:\/\/([^\/?#]*))?$/, 1
    ]
  else
    self.scheme = nil
    self.authority = nil
  end
end

#tld ⇒ Object

Returns the top-level domain for this host.

Examples:

Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.example.co.uk").tld # => "co.uk"


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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1207

def tld
  PublicSuffix.parse(self.host, ignore_private: true).tld
end

#tld=(new_tld) ⇒ Object

Sets the top-level domain for this URI.

Parameters:

  • new_tld (String, #to_str) —

    The new top-level domain.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1215

def tld=(new_tld)
  replaced_tld = host.sub(/#{tld}\z/, new_tld)
  self.host = PublicSuffix::Domain.new(replaced_tld).to_s
end

#to_hash ⇒ Hash

Returns a Hash of the URI components.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    The URI as a Hash of components.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2367

def to_hash
  return {
    :scheme => self.scheme,
    :user => self.user,
    :password => self.password,
    :host => self.host,
    :port => self.port,
    :path => self.path,
    :query => self.query,
    :fragment => self.fragment
  }
end

#to_s ⇒ String Also known as: to_str

Converts the URI to a String.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The URI’s String representation.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 2341

def to_s
  if self.scheme == nil && self.path != nil && !self.path.empty? &&
      self.path =~ NORMPATH
    raise InvalidURIError,
      "Cannot assemble URI string with ambiguous path: '#{self.path}'"
  end
  @uri_string ||= begin
    uri_string = String.new
    uri_string << "#{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme != nil
    uri_string << "//#{self.authority}" if self.authority != nil
    uri_string << self.path.to_s
    uri_string << "?#{self.query}" if self.query != nil
    uri_string << "##{self.fragment}" if self.fragment != nil
    uri_string.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
    uri_string
  end
end

#userinfo ⇒ String

The userinfo component for this URI. Combines the user and password components.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    The userinfo component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1052

def userinfo
  current_user = self.user
  current_password = self.password
  (current_user || current_password) && @userinfo ||= begin
    if current_user && current_password
      "#{current_user}:#{current_password}"
    elsif current_user && !current_password
      "#{current_user}"
    end
  end
end

#userinfo=(new_userinfo) ⇒ Object

Sets the userinfo component for this URI.

Parameters:

  • new_userinfo (String, #to_str) —

    The new userinfo component.



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# File 'lib/addressable/uri.rb', line 1091

def userinfo=(new_userinfo)
  if new_userinfo && !new_userinfo.respond_to?(:to_str)
    raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_userinfo.class} into String."
  end
  new_user, new_password = if new_userinfo
    [
      new_userinfo.to_str.strip[/^(.*):/, 1],
      new_userinfo.to_str.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
    ]
  else
    [nil, nil]
  end

  # Password assigned first to ensure validity in case of nil
  self.password = new_password
  self.user = new_user

  # Reset dependent values
  @authority = nil
  remove_composite_values

  # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
  validate()
end