Class: Bitcoin::Protocol::Block

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb

Overview

en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_documentation#block

Constant Summary collapse

BLOCK_VERSION_DEFAULT = 
(1 << 0)
BLOCK_VERSION_AUXPOW = 
(1 << 8)
BLOCK_VERSION_CHAIN_START = 
(1 << 16)
BLOCK_VERSION_CHAIN_END = 
(1 << 30)

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(data = nil) ⇒ Block

create block from raw binary data



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 64

def initialize(data = nil)
  @tx = []
  @payload = nil
  parse_data_from_io(data) if data
end

Instance Attribute Details

#aux_pow ⇒ Object

AuxPow linking the block to a merge-mined chain



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 44

def aux_pow
  @aux_pow
end

#bits ⇒ Object

difficulty target bits



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 32

def bits
  @bits
end

#hash ⇒ Object

block hash



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 13

def hash
  @hash
end

#mrkl_root ⇒ Object

merkle root



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 26

def mrkl_root
  @mrkl_root
end

#nonce ⇒ Object

nonce (number counted when searching for block hash matching target)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 35

def nonce
  @nonce
end

#partial_merkle_tree ⇒ Object (readonly)

Returns the value of attribute partial_merkle_tree.



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 46

def partial_merkle_tree
  @partial_merkle_tree
end

#payload ⇒ Object

raw protocol payload



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 41

def payload
  @payload
end

#prev_block_hash ⇒ Object Also known as: prev_block

previous block hash



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 16

def prev_block_hash
  @prev_block_hash
end

#time ⇒ Object

block generation time



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 29

def time
  @time
end

#tx ⇒ Object Also known as: transactions

transactions (Array of Tx)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 23

def tx
  @tx
end

#ver ⇒ Object

version (usually 1)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 38

def ver
  @ver
end

Class Method Details

.binary_from_hash(h) ⇒ Object

convert ruby hash to raw binary



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 265

def self.binary_from_hash(h)
  from_hash(h).to_payload
end

.binary_from_json(json_string) ⇒ Object

convert json representation to raw binary



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 275

def self.binary_from_json(json_string)
  from_json(json_string).to_payload
end

.from_file(path) ⇒ Object

read binary block from a file



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 294

def self.from_file(path)
  new(Bitcoin::Protocol.read_binary_file(path))
end

.from_hash(h, do_raise = true) ⇒ Object

parse ruby hash (see also #to_hash)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 244

def self.from_hash(h, do_raise = true)
  blk = new(nil)
  blk.instance_eval do
    @ver, @time, @bits, @nonce = h.values_at('ver', 'time', 'bits', 'nonce')
    @prev_block_hash, @mrkl_root = h.values_at('prev_block', 'mrkl_root').map(&:htb_reverse)

    if do_raise && h['hash'] != recalc_block_hash
      raise "Block hash mismatch! Claimed: #{h['hash']}, Actual: #{@hash}"
    end

    @aux_pow = AuxPow.from_hash(h['aux_pow']) if h['aux_pow']

    h['tx'].each { |tx| @tx << Tx.from_hash(tx, do_raise) }
    if h['tx'].any? && do_raise && !verify_mrkl_root
      raise "Block merkle root mismatch! Block: #{h['hash']}"
    end
  end
  blk
end

.from_json(json_string) ⇒ Object

parse json representation (see also #to_json)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 270

def self.from_json(json_string)
  from_hash(JSON.parse(json_string))
end

.from_json_file(path) ⇒ Object

read json block from a file



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 299

def self.from_json_file(path)
  from_json(Bitcoin::Protocol.read_binary_file(path))
end

Instance Method Details

#==(other) ⇒ Object

compare to another block



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 51

def ==(other)
  @hash == other.hash
end

#binary_hash ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 55

def binary_hash
  [@hash].pack('H*')
end

#bip34_block_height(height = nil) ⇒ Object

introduced in block version 2 by BIP_0034 blockchain height as seen by the block itself. do not trust this value, instead verify with chain storage.



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 218

def bip34_block_height(height = nil)
  return nil unless @ver >= 2
  if height # generate height binary
    buf = [height].pack('V').gsub(/\x00+$/, '')
    [buf.bytesize, buf].pack('Ca*')
  else
    coinbase = @tx.first.inputs.first.script_sig
    coinbase[1..coinbase[0].ord].ljust(4, "\x00").unpack('V').first
  end
rescue StandardError
  nil
end

#block_header ⇒ Object

block header binary output



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 287

def block_header
  [
    @ver, @prev_block_hash, @mrkl_root, @time, @bits, @nonce, Protocol.pack_var_int(0)
  ].pack('Va32a32VVVa*')
end

#block_work ⇒ Object

get the (statistical) amount of work that was needed to generate this block.



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 304

def block_work
  target = Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(@bits).to_i(16)
  return 0 if target <= 0
  (2**256) / (target + 1)
end

#decimaltarget ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 207

def decimaltarget
  Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(@bits).to_i(16)
end

#difficulty ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 211

def difficulty
  Bitcoin.block_difficulty(@bits)
end

#header_info ⇒ Object

get the block header info

<version>, <prev_block>, <merkle_root>, <time>, <bits>, <nonce>, <txcount>, <size> 


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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 166

def header_info
  [
    @ver, @prev_block_hash.reverse_hth, @mrkl_root.reverse_hth,
    Time.at(@time), @bits, @nonce, @tx.size, @payload.size
  ]
end

#header_to_json(options = { space: '' }) ⇒ Object

convert header to json representation.



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 280

def header_to_json(options = { space: '' })
  h = to_hash
  %w[tx mrkl_tree].each { |k| h.delete(k) }
  JSON.pretty_generate(h, options)
end

#hextarget ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 203

def hextarget
  Bitcoin.decode_compact_bits(@bits)
end

#parse_data(data) ⇒ Object

parse raw binary data



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 71

def parse_data(data)
  buf = parse_data_from_io(data)
  buf.eof? ? true : buf.read
end

#parse_data_from_io(buf, header_only = false) ⇒ Object

parse raw binary data



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 77

def parse_data_from_io(buf, header_only = false)
  buf = buf.is_a?(String) ? StringIO.new(buf) : buf
  @ver, @prev_block_hash, @mrkl_root, @time, @bits, @nonce = buf.read(80).unpack('Va32a32VVV')
  recalc_block_hash

  if !Bitcoin.network[:auxpow_chain_id].nil? && (@ver & BLOCK_VERSION_AUXPOW) > 0
    @aux_pow = AuxPow.new(nil)
    @aux_pow.parse_data_from_io(buf)
  end

  return buf if buf.eof?

  return parse_filtered_header(buf) if header_only == :filtered

  tx_size = Protocol.unpack_var_int_from_io(buf)
  @tx_count = tx_size
  return buf if header_only

  tx_size.times do
    break if payload == true
    return buf if buf.eof?

    t = Tx.new(nil)
    t.parse_data_from_io(buf)
    @tx << t
  end

  @payload = to_payload
  buf
end

#parse_filtered_header(buf) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 108

def parse_filtered_header(buf)
  @tx_count = buf.read(4).unpack('V')[0]

  nhashes = Protocol.unpack_var_int_from_io(buf)
  hashes = []
  nhashes.times do
    hashes << buf.read(256 / 8)
  end

  nflags = Protocol.unpack_var_int_from_io(buf)
  flags = buf.read(nflags)

  @partial_merkle_tree = PartialMerkleTree.new(@tx_count, hashes, flags)
  @partial_merkle_tree.assign_value

  buf
end

#prev_block=(hash) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 18

def prev_block=(hash)
  @prev_block_hash = hash
end

#prev_block_hex ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 59

def prev_block_hex
  @prev_block_hex ||= @prev_block_hash.reverse.unpack('H*')[0]
end

#recalc_block_hash ⇒ Object

recalculate the block hash



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 127

def recalc_block_hash
  @hash = Bitcoin.block_hash(
    @prev_block_hash.reverse_hth, @mrkl_root.reverse_hth, @time, @bits, @nonce, @ver
  )
end

#recalc_block_scrypt_hash ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 133

def recalc_block_scrypt_hash
  @scrypt_hash = Bitcoin.block_scrypt_hash(
    @prev_block_hash.reverse_hth, @mrkl_root.reverse_hth, @time, @bits, @nonce, @ver
  )
end

#recalc_mrkl_root ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 139

def recalc_mrkl_root
  @mrkl_root = if partial_merkle_tree
                 partial_merkle_tree.root.value.htb_reverse
               else
                 Bitcoin.hash_mrkl_tree(@tx.map(&:hash)).last.htb_reverse
               end
end

#size ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 199

def size
  payload.bytesize
end

#to_hash(options = {}) ⇒ Object

convert to ruby hash (see also #from_hash)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 186

def to_hash(options = {})
  h = {
    'hash' => @hash, 'ver' => @ver,
    'prev_block' => @prev_block_hash.reverse_hth, 'mrkl_root' => @mrkl_root.reverse_hth,
    'time' => @time, 'bits' => @bits, 'nonce' => @nonce,
    'n_tx' => @tx.size, 'size' => (@payload || to_payload).bytesize,
    'tx' => @tx.map { |i| i.to_hash(options) },
    'mrkl_tree' => Bitcoin.hash_mrkl_tree(@tx.map(&:hash))
  }
  h['aux_pow'] = @aux_pow.to_hash if @aux_pow
  h
end

#to_json(options = { space: '' }, *_) ⇒ Object

convert to json representation as seen in the block explorer. (see also #from_json)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 233

def to_json(options = { space: '' }, *_)
  JSON.pretty_generate(to_hash(options), options)
end

#to_json_file(path) ⇒ Object

write json representation to a file (see also #to_json)



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 239

def to_json_file(path)
  File.open(path, 'wb') { |f| f.print to_json; }
end

#to_payload ⇒ Object

convert to raw binary format



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 174

def to_payload
  @aux_pow ||= nil
  head = [@ver, @prev_block_hash, @mrkl_root, @time, @bits, @nonce].pack('Va32a32VVV')
  head << @aux_pow.to_payload if @aux_pow
  return head if @tx.empty?

  head << Protocol.pack_var_int(@tx.size)
  @tx.each { |tx| head << tx.to_payload }
  head
end

#tx_hashes ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 156

def tx_hashes
  if partial_merkle_tree
    partial_merkle_tree.tx_hashes
  else
    @tx.map(&:hash)
  end
end

#verify_mrkl_root ⇒ Object

verify mrkl tree



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# File 'lib/bitcoin/protocol/block.rb', line 148

def verify_mrkl_root
  if partial_merkle_tree
    partial_merkle_tree.valid_tree?(@mrkl_root.reverse_hth)
  else
    @mrkl_root.reverse_hth == Bitcoin.hash_mrkl_tree(@tx.map(&:hash)).last
  end
end