Class: SPARQL::Algebra::Operator Abstract

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Includes:
Evaluatable, Expression
Defined in:
lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/or.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/str.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/not.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/asc.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/and.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/ask.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/add.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/bgp.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/join.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/base.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/plus.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/desc.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/lang.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/regex.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/order.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/bound.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/minus.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/graph.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/slice.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/union.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/equal.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/filter.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/prefix.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/divide.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/is_iri.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/dataset.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/reduced.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/project.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/compare.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/multiply.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/subtract.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/datatype.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/is_blank.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/exprlist.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/distinct.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/describe.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/not_equal.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/left_join.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/same_term.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/less_than.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/construct.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/is_literal.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/lang_matches.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/greater_than.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/less_than_or_equal.rb,
lib/sparql/algebra/operator/greater_than_or_equal.rb

Overview

This class is abstract.

A SPARQL operator.

Direct Known Subclasses

BGP, Binary, Exprlist, LeftJoin, Nullary, Ternary, Unary

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Add, And, Asc, Ask, BGP, Base, Binary, Bound, Compare, Construct, Dataset, Datatype, Desc, Describe, Distinct, Divide, Equal, Exprlist, Filter, Graph, GreaterThan, GreaterThanOrEqual, IsBlank, IsIRI, IsLiteral, Join, Lang, LangMatches, LeftJoin, LessThan, LessThanOrEqual, Minus, Multiply, Not, NotEqual, Nullary, Or, Order, Plus, Prefix, Project, Reduced, Regex, SameTerm, Slice, Str, Subtract, Ternary, Unary, Union

Constant Summary collapse

ARITY =

variable arity

-1 # variable arity

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Evaluatable

#apply, #evaluate, #memoize

Methods included from Expression

cast, #evaluate, new, open, parse

Constructor Details

#initialize(*operands) ⇒ Operator

Initializes a new operator instance.

Parameters:

Raises:

  • (TypeError) —

    if any operand is invalid


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 169

def initialize(*operands)
  @options  = operands.last.is_a?(Hash) ? operands.pop.dup : {}
  @operands = operands.map! do |operand|
    case operand
      when Operator, Variable, RDF::Term, RDF::Query, RDF::Query::Pattern, Array, Symbol
        operand
      when TrueClass, FalseClass, Numeric, String, DateTime, Date, Time
        RDF::Literal(operand)
      else raise TypeError, "invalid SPARQL::Algebra::Operator operand: #{operand.inspect}"
    end
  end
end

Instance Attribute Details

#operands ⇒ Array (readonly)

The operands to this operator.

Returns:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 246

def operands
  @operands
end

#options ⇒ Hash (readonly)

Any additional options for this operator.

Returns:

  • (Hash) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 240

def options
  @options
end

Class Method Details

.arity ⇒ Integer

Returns the arity of this operator class.

Examples:

Operator.arity           #=> -1
Operator::Nullary.arity  #=> 0
Operator::Unary.arity    #=> 1
Operator::Binary.arity   #=> 2
Operator::Ternary.arity  #=> 3

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    an integer in the range (-1..3)


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 154

def self.arity
  self.const_get(:ARITY)
end

.base_uri ⇒ RDF::URI

Base URI used for reading data sources with relative URIs

Returns:

  • (RDF::URI) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 194

def self.base_uri
  @base_uri
end

.base_uri=(uri) ⇒ RDF::URI

Set Base URI associated with SPARQL document, typically done when reading SPARQL from a URI

Parameters:

  • base (RDF::URI)

Returns:

  • (RDF::URI) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 204

def self.base_uri=(uri)
  @base_uri = RDF::URI(uri)
end

.evaluate(*operands) ⇒ RDF::Term

Parameters:

Returns:

See Also:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 139

def self.evaluate(*operands)
  self.new(*operands).evaluate(RDF::Query::Solution.new)
end

.for(name, arity = nil) ⇒ Class

Returns an operator class for the given operator name.

Parameters:

  • name (Symbol, #to_s)
  • arity (Integer) (defaults to: nil)

Returns:

  • (Class) —

    an operator class, or nil if an operator was not found


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 70

def self.for(name, arity = nil)
  # TODO: refactor this to dynamically introspect loaded operator classes.
  case (name.to_s.downcase.to_sym rescue nil)
    when :<=>         then Compare # non-standard
    when :'='         then Equal
    when :'!='        then NotEqual
    when :<           then LessThan
    when :>           then GreaterThan
    when :<=          then LessThanOrEqual
    when :>=          then GreaterThanOrEqual
    when :*           then Multiply
    when :'/'         then Divide
    when :+           then arity.eql?(1) ? Plus  : Add
    when :-           then arity.eql?(1) ? Minus : Subtract
    when :not, :'!'   then Not
    when :plus        then Plus
    when :minus       then Minus
    when :bound       then Bound
    when :isblank     then IsBlank
    when :isiri       then IsIRI
    when :isuri       then IsIRI # alias
    when :isliteral   then IsLiteral
    when :str         then Str
    when :lang        then Lang
    when :datatype    then Datatype
    when :or, :'||'   then Or
    when :and, :'&&'  then And
    when :multiply    then Multiply
    when :divide      then Divide
    when :add         then Add
    when :subtract    then Subtract
    when :sameterm    then SameTerm
    when :langmatches then LangMatches
    when :regex       then Regex
    
    # Miscellaneous
    when :asc         then Asc
    when :desc        then Desc
    when :exprlist    then Exprlist

    # Datasets
    when :dataset     then Dataset
    
    # Query forms
    when :ask         then Ask
    when :base        then Base
    when :bgp         then BGP
    when :construct   then Construct
    when :describe    then Describe
    when :distinct    then Distinct
    when :filter      then Filter
    when :graph       then Graph
    when :join        then Join
    when :leftjoin    then LeftJoin
    when :order       then Order
    when :prefix      then Prefix
    when :project     then Project
    when :reduced     then Reduced
    when :slice       then Slice
    when :triple      then RDF::Query::Pattern
    when :union       then Union
    else nil # not found
  end
end

.prefixes ⇒ Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}

Prefixes useful for future serialization

Returns:

  • (Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}) —

    Prefix definitions


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 222

def self.prefixes
  @prefixes
end

.prefixes=(hash) ⇒ Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}

Prefixes useful for future serialization

Parameters:

  • hash (Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}) —

    Prefix definitions

Returns:

  • (Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 232

def self.prefixes=(hash)
  @prefixes = hash
end

Instance Method Details

#base_uri ⇒ RDF::URI

Base URI used for reading data sources with relative URIs

Returns:

  • (RDF::URI) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 186

def base_uri
  Operator.base_uri
end

#boolean(literal) ⇒ RDF::Literal::Boolean (protected)

Returns the effective boolean value (EBV) of the given literal.

Parameters:

  • literal (RDF::Literal)

Returns:

  • (RDF::Literal::Boolean) —

    true or false

Raises:

  • (TypeError) —

    if the literal could not be coerced to an RDF::Literal::Boolean

See Also:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 370

def boolean(literal)
  case literal
    when FalseClass then RDF::Literal::FALSE
    when TrueClass  then RDF::Literal::TRUE    # If the argument is a typed literal with a datatype of
    # `xsd:boolean`, the EBV is the value of that argument.
    # However, the EBV of any literal whose type is `xsd:boolean` is
    # false if the lexical form is not valid for that datatype.

    when RDF::Literal::Boolean
      RDF::Literal(literal.valid? && literal.true?)    # If the argument is a numeric type or a typed literal with a
    # datatype derived from a numeric type, the EBV is false if the
    # operand value is NaN or is numerically equal to zero; otherwise
    # the EBV is true.
    # However, the EBV of any literal whose type is numeric is
    # false if the lexical form is not valid for that datatype.

    when RDF::Literal::Numeric
      RDF::Literal(literal.valid? && !(literal.zero?) && !(literal.respond_to?(:nan?) && literal.nan?))    # If the argument is a plain literal or a typed literal with a
    # datatype of `xsd:string`, the EBV is false if the operand value
    # has zero length; otherwise the EBV is true.

    else case
      when literal.is_a?(RDF::Literal) && (literal.plain? || literal.datatype.eql?(RDF::XSD.string))
        RDF::Literal(!(literal.value.empty?))    # All other arguments, including unbound arguments, produce a type error.

      else raise TypeError, "could not coerce #{literal.inspect} to an RDF::Literal::Boolean"
    end
  end
end

#constant? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if none of the operands are variables, false otherwise.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true or false

See Also:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 295

def constant?
  !(variable?)
end

#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean Also known as: ==

Parameters:

  • other (Statement)

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 357

def eql?(other)
  other.class == self.class && other.operands == self.operands
end

#evaluatable? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is evaluatable (i.e., returns values for a binding), false otherwise.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true or false


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 276

def evaluatable?
  respond_to?(:evaluate)
end

#executable? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if this is executable (i.e., contains a graph patterns), false otherwise.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true or false


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 285

def executable?
  respond_to?(:execute)
end

#inspect ⇒ String

Returns a developer-friendly representation of this operator.

Returns:

  • (String) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 350

def inspect
  sprintf("#<%s:%#0x(%s)>", self.class.name, __id__, operands.map(&:inspect).join(', '))
end

#operand(index = 0) ⇒ RDF::Term

Returns the operand at the given index.

Parameters:

  • index (Integer) (defaults to: 0) —

    an operand index in the range (0...(operands.count))

Returns:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 254

def operand(index = 0)
  operands[index]
end

#optimize ⇒ SPARQL::Algebra::Expression

Returns an optimized version of this expression.

For constant expressions containing no variables, returns the result of evaluating the expression with empty bindings; otherwise returns self.

Optimization is not possible if the expression raises an exception, such as a TypeError or ZeroDivisionError, which must be conserved at runtime.

Returns:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 311

def optimize
  if constant?    # Note that if evaluation results in a `TypeError` or other error,
    # we must return `self` so that the error is conserved at runtime:

    evaluate rescue self
  else
    super # returns `self`
  end
end

#prefixes ⇒ Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}

Prefixes useful for future serialization

Returns:

  • (Hash{Symbol => RDF::URI}) —

    Prefix definitions


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 213

def prefixes
  Operator.prefixes
end

#to_sse ⇒ Array

Returns the SPARQL S-Expression (SSE) representation of this operator.

Returns:

See Also:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 326

def to_sse
  operator = [self.class.const_get(:NAME)].flatten.first
  [operator, *(operands || []).map(&:to_sse)]
end

#to_sxp ⇒ String

Returns an S-Expression (SXP) representation of this operator

Returns:

  • (String) 

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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 335

def to_sxp
  begin
    require 'sxp' # @see http://rubygems.org/gems/sxp
  rescue LoadError
    abort "SPARQL::Algebra::Operator#to_sxp requires the SXP gem (hint: `gem install sxp')."
  end
  require 'sparql/algebra/sxp_extensions'
  
  to_sse.to_sxp
end

#variable? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if any of the operands are variables, false otherwise.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true or false

See Also:


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# File 'lib/sparql/algebra/operator.rb', line 264

def variable?
  operands.any? do |operand|
    operand.is_a?(Variable) ||
      (operand.respond_to?(:variable?) && operand.variable?)
  end
end