Class: Vault::PersistentHTTP

Inherits:
Object
  • Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/vault/persistent.rb

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: Connection, Error, Pool, TimedStackMulti

Constant Summary collapse

EPOCH =

The beginning of Time

Time.at 0
HAVE_OPENSSL =

Is OpenSSL available? This test works with autoload

defined? OpenSSL::SSL # :nodoc:
VERSION =

The version of PersistentHTTP you are using

'3.0.0'
RETRIED_EXCEPTIONS =

Exceptions rescued for automatic retry on ruby 2.0.0. This overlaps with the exception list for ruby 1.x.

[ # :nodoc:
  (Net::ReadTimeout if Net.const_defined? :ReadTimeout),
  IOError,
  EOFError,
  Errno::ECONNRESET,
  Errno::ECONNABORTED,
  Errno::EPIPE,
  (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError if HAVE_OPENSSL),
  Timeout::Error,
].compact

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Constructor Details

#initialize(name = nil, proxy = nil, pool_size = Vault::Defaults::DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE, pool_timeout = Vault::Defaults::DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT) ⇒ PersistentHTTP

Creates a new PersistentHTTP.

Set name to keep your connections apart from everybody else’s. Not required currently, but highly recommended. Your library name should be good enough. This parameter will be required in a future version.

proxy may be set to a URI::HTTP or :ENV to pick up proxy options from the environment. See proxy_from_env for details.

In order to use a URI for the proxy you may need to do some extra work beyond URI parsing if the proxy requires a password:

proxy = URI 'http://proxy.example'
proxy.user     = 'AzureDiamond'
proxy.password = 'hunter2'

Set pool_size to limit the maximum number of connections allowed. Defaults to 1/4 the number of allowed file handles. You can have no more than this many threads with active HTTP transactions.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 503

def initialize name=nil, proxy=nil, pool_size=Vault::Defaults::DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE, pool_timeout=Vault::Defaults::DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT
  @name = name

  @debug_output     = nil
  @proxy_uri        = nil
  @no_proxy         = []
  @headers          = {}
  @override_headers = {}
  @http_versions    = {}
  @keep_alive       = 30
  @open_timeout     = nil
  @read_timeout     = nil
  @idle_timeout     = 5
  @max_requests     = nil
  @socket_options   = []
  @ssl_generation   = 0 # incremented when SSL session variables change

  @socket_options << [Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1] if
    Socket.const_defined? :TCP_NODELAY

  @pool = PersistentHTTP::Pool.new size: pool_size, timeout: pool_timeout do |http_args|
    PersistentHTTP::Connection.new Net::HTTP, http_args, @ssl_generation
  end

  @certificate        = nil
  @ca_file            = nil
  @ca_path            = nil
  @ciphers            = nil
  @private_key        = nil
  @ssl_timeout        = nil
  @ssl_version        = nil
  @verify_callback    = nil
  @verify_depth       = nil
  @verify_mode        = nil
  @cert_store         = nil

  @generation         = 0 # incremented when proxy URI changes

  if HAVE_OPENSSL then
    @verify_mode        = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
    @reuse_ssl_sessions = OpenSSL::SSL.const_defined? :Session
  end

  @retry_change_requests = false

  self.proxy = proxy if proxy
end

Instance Attribute Details

#ca_file ⇒ Object

An SSL certificate authority. Setting this will set verify_mode to VERIFY_PEER.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 295

def ca_file
  @ca_file
end

#ca_path ⇒ Object

A directory of SSL certificates to be used as certificate authorities. Setting this will set verify_mode to VERIFY_PEER.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 301

def ca_path
  @ca_path
end

#cert_store ⇒ Object

An SSL certificate store. Setting this will override the default certificate store. See verify_mode for more information.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 307

def cert_store
  @cert_store
end

#certificate ⇒ Object Also known as: cert

This client’s OpenSSL::X509::Certificate



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 284

def certificate
  @certificate
end

#ciphers ⇒ Object

The ciphers allowed for SSL connections



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 312

def ciphers
  @ciphers
end

#debug_output ⇒ Object

Sends debug_output to this IO via Net::HTTP#set_debug_output.

Never use this method in production code, it causes a serious security hole.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 320

def debug_output
  @debug_output
end

#generation ⇒ Object (readonly)

Current connection generation



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 325

def generation
  @generation
end

#headers ⇒ Object (readonly)

Headers that are added to every request using Net::HTTP#add_field



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 330

def headers
  @headers
end

#http_versions ⇒ Object (readonly)

Maps host:port to an HTTP version. This allows us to enable version specific features.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 336

def http_versions
  @http_versions
end

#idle_timeout ⇒ Object

Maximum time an unused connection can remain idle before being automatically closed.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 342

def idle_timeout
  @idle_timeout
end

#keep_alive ⇒ Object

The value sent in the Keep-Alive header. Defaults to 30. Not needed for HTTP/1.1 servers.

This may not work correctly for HTTP/1.0 servers

This method may be removed in a future version as RFC 2616 does not require this header.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 359

def keep_alive
  @keep_alive
end

#max_requests ⇒ Object

Maximum number of requests on a connection before it is considered expired and automatically closed.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 348

def max_requests
  @max_requests
end

#name ⇒ Object (readonly)

A name for this connection. Allows you to keep your connections apart from everybody else’s.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 365

def name
  @name
end

#no_proxy ⇒ Object (readonly)

List of host suffixes which will not be proxied



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 395

def no_proxy
  @no_proxy
end

#open_timeout ⇒ Object

Seconds to wait until a connection is opened. See Net::HTTP#open_timeout



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 370

def open_timeout
  @open_timeout
end

#override_headers ⇒ Object (readonly)

Headers that are added to every request using Net::HTTP#[]=



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 375

def override_headers
  @override_headers
end

#pool ⇒ Object (readonly)

Test-only accessor for the connection pool



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 400

def pool
  @pool
end

#private_key ⇒ Object Also known as: key

This client’s SSL private key



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 380

def private_key
  @private_key
end

#proxy_uri ⇒ Object (readonly)

The URL through which requests will be proxied



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 390

def proxy_uri
  @proxy_uri
end

#read_timeout ⇒ Object

Seconds to wait until reading one block. See Net::HTTP#read_timeout



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 405

def read_timeout
  @read_timeout
end

#retry_change_requests ⇒ Object

Enable retries of non-idempotent requests that change data (e.g. POST requests) when the server has disconnected.

This will in the worst case lead to multiple requests with the same data, but it may be useful for some applications. Take care when enabling this option to ensure it is safe to POST or perform other non-idempotent requests to the server.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 480

def retry_change_requests
  @retry_change_requests
end

#reuse_ssl_sessions ⇒ Object

By default SSL sessions are reused to avoid extra SSL handshakes. Set this to false if you have problems communicating with an HTTPS server like:

SSL_connect [...] read finished A: unexpected message (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError)



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 414

def reuse_ssl_sessions
  @reuse_ssl_sessions
end

#socket_options ⇒ Object (readonly)

An array of options for Socket#setsockopt.

By default the TCP_NODELAY option is set on sockets.

To set additional options append them to this array:

http.socket_options << [Socket::SOL_SOCKET, Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE, 1]



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 425

def socket_options
  @socket_options
end

#ssl_generation ⇒ Object (readonly)

Current SSL connection generation



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 430

def ssl_generation
  @ssl_generation
end

#ssl_timeout ⇒ Object

SSL session lifetime



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 435

def ssl_timeout
  @ssl_timeout
end

#ssl_version ⇒ Object

SSL version to use.

By default, the version will be negotiated automatically between client and server. Ruby 1.9 and newer only.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 443

def ssl_version
  @ssl_version
end

#timeout_key ⇒ Object (readonly)

Where this instance’s last-use times live in the thread local variables



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 448

def timeout_key
  @timeout_key
end

#verify_callback ⇒ Object

SSL verification callback. Used when ca_file or ca_path is set.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 453

def verify_callback
  @verify_callback
end

#verify_depth ⇒ Object

Sets the depth of SSL certificate verification



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 458

def verify_depth
  @verify_depth
end

#verify_mode ⇒ Object

HTTPS verify mode. Defaults to OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER which verifies the server certificate.

If no ca_file, ca_path or cert_store is set the default system certificate store is used.

You can use verify_mode to override any default values.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 469

def verify_mode
  @verify_mode
end

Class Method Details

.detect_idle_timeout(uri, max = 10) ⇒ Object

Use this method to detect the idle timeout of the host at uri. The value returned can be used to configure #idle_timeout. max controls the maximum idle timeout to detect.

After

Idle timeout detection is performed by creating a connection then performing a HEAD request in a loop until the connection terminates waiting one additional second per loop.

NOTE: This may not work on ruby > 1.9.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 245

def self.detect_idle_timeout uri, max = 10
  uri = URI uri unless URI::Generic === uri
  uri += '/'

  req = Net::HTTP::Head.new uri.request_uri

  http = new 'net-http-persistent detect_idle_timeout'

  http.connection_for uri do |connection|
    sleep_time = 0

    http = connection.http

    loop do
      response = http.request req

      $stderr.puts "HEAD #{uri} => #{response.code}" if $DEBUG

      unless Net::HTTPOK === response then
        raise Error, "bad response code #{response.code} detecting idle timeout"
      end

      break if sleep_time >= max

      sleep_time += 1

      $stderr.puts "sleeping #{sleep_time}" if $DEBUG
      sleep sleep_time
    end
  end
rescue
  # ignore StandardErrors, we've probably found the idle timeout.
ensure
  return sleep_time unless $!
end

Instance Method Details

#can_retry?(req) ⇒ Boolean

Is the request req idempotent or is retry_change_requests allowed.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 735

def can_retry? req
  @retry_change_requests && !idempotent?(req)
end

#connection_for(uri) ⇒ Object

Creates a new connection for uri



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 603

def connection_for uri
  use_ssl = uri.scheme.downcase == 'https'

  net_http_args = [uri.host, uri.port]

  net_http_args.concat @proxy_args if
    @proxy_uri and not proxy_bypass? uri.host, uri.port

  connection = @pool.checkout net_http_args

  http = connection.http

  connection.ressl @ssl_generation if
    connection.ssl_generation != @ssl_generation

  if not http.started? then
    ssl   http if use_ssl
    start http
  elsif expired? connection then
    reset connection
  end

  http.read_timeout = @read_timeout if @read_timeout
  http.keep_alive_timeout = @idle_timeout if @idle_timeout

  return yield connection
rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED
  address = http.proxy_address || http.address
  port    = http.proxy_port    || http.port

  raise Error, "connection refused: #{address}:#{port}"
rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN
  address = http.proxy_address || http.address
  port    = http.proxy_port    || http.port

  raise Error, "host down: #{address}:#{port}"
ensure
  # Only perform checkin if we successfully checked a connection out
  if connection
    @pool.checkin net_http_args
  end
end

#error_message(connection) ⇒ Object

Returns an error message containing the number of requests performed on this connection



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 650

def error_message connection
  connection.requests -= 1 # fixup

  age = Time.now - connection.last_use

  "after #{connection.requests} requests on #{connection.http.object_id}, " \
    "last used #{age} seconds ago"
end

#escape(str) ⇒ Object

URI::escape wrapper



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 662

def escape str
  CGI.escape str if str
end

#expired?(connection) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the connection should be reset due to an idle timeout, or maximum request count, false otherwise.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 678

def expired? connection
  return true  if     @max_requests && connection.requests >= @max_requests
  return false unless @idle_timeout
  return true  if     @idle_timeout.zero?

  Time.now - connection.last_use > @idle_timeout
end

#finish(connection) ⇒ Object

Finishes the Net::HTTP connection



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 707

def finish connection
  connection.finish

  connection.http.instance_variable_set :@ssl_session, nil unless
    @reuse_ssl_sessions
end

#http_version(uri) ⇒ Object

Returns the HTTP protocol version for uri



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 717

def http_version uri
  @http_versions["#{uri.host}:#{uri.port}"]
end

#idempotent?(req) ⇒ Boolean

Is req idempotent according to RFC 2616?

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 724

def idempotent? req
  case req
  when Net::HTTP::Delete, Net::HTTP::Get, Net::HTTP::Head,
       Net::HTTP::Options, Net::HTTP::Put, Net::HTTP::Trace then
    true
  end
end

#normalize_uri(uri) ⇒ Object

Adds “http://” to the String uri if it is missing.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 742

def normalize_uri uri
  (uri =~ /^https?:/) ? uri : "http://#{uri}"
end

#pipeline(uri, requests, &block) ⇒ Object

Pipelines requests to the HTTP server at uri yielding responses if a block is given. Returns all responses recieved.

See Net::HTTP::Pipeline for further details.

Only if net-http-pipeline was required before net-http-persistent #pipeline will be present.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 757

def pipeline uri, requests, &block # :yields: responses
  connection_for uri do |connection|
    connection.http.pipeline requests, &block
  end
end

#proxy=(proxy) ⇒ Object

Sets the proxy server. The proxy may be the URI of the proxy server, the symbol :ENV which will read the proxy from the environment or nil to disable use of a proxy. See #proxy_from_env for details on setting the proxy from the environment.

If the proxy URI is set after requests have been made, the next request will shut-down and re-open all connections.

The no_proxy query parameter can be used to specify hosts which shouldn’t be reached via proxy; if set it should be a comma separated list of hostname suffixes, optionally with :port appended, for example example.com,some.host:8080.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 789

def proxy= proxy
  @proxy_uri = case proxy
               when :ENV      then proxy_from_env
               when URI::HTTP then proxy
               when nil       then # ignore
               else raise ArgumentError, 'proxy must be :ENV or a URI::HTTP'
               end

  @no_proxy.clear

  if @proxy_uri then
    @proxy_args = [
      @proxy_uri.host,
      @proxy_uri.port,
      unescape(@proxy_uri.user),
      unescape(@proxy_uri.password),
    ]

    @proxy_connection_id = [nil, *@proxy_args].join ':'

    if @proxy_uri.query then
      @no_proxy = CGI.parse(@proxy_uri.query)['no_proxy'].join(',').downcase.split(',').map { |x| x.strip }.reject { |x| x.empty? }
    end
  end

  reconnect
  reconnect_ssl
end

#proxy_bypass?(host, port) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true when proxy should by bypassed for host.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 863

def proxy_bypass? host, port
  host = host.downcase
  host_port = [host, port].join ':'

  @no_proxy.each do |name|
    return true if host[-name.length, name.length] == name or
       host_port[-name.length, name.length] == name
  end

  false
end

#proxy_from_env ⇒ Object

Creates a URI for an HTTP proxy server from ENV variables.

If HTTP_PROXY is set a proxy will be returned.

If HTTP_PROXY_USER or HTTP_PROXY_PASS are set the URI is given the indicated user and password unless HTTP_PROXY contains either of these in the URI.

The NO_PROXY ENV variable can be used to specify hosts which shouldn’t be reached via proxy; if set it should be a comma separated list of hostname suffixes, optionally with :port appended, for example example.com,some.host:8080. When set to * no proxy will be returned.

For Windows users, lowercase ENV variables are preferred over uppercase ENV variables.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 836

def proxy_from_env
  env_proxy = ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY']

  return nil if env_proxy.nil? or env_proxy.empty?

  uri = URI normalize_uri env_proxy

  env_no_proxy = ENV['no_proxy'] || ENV['NO_PROXY']

  # '*' is special case for always bypass
  return nil if env_no_proxy == '*'

  if env_no_proxy then
    uri.query = "no_proxy=#{escape(env_no_proxy)}"
  end

  unless uri.user or uri.password then
    uri.user     = escape ENV['http_proxy_user'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_USER']
    uri.password = escape ENV['http_proxy_pass'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_PASS']
  end

  uri
end

#reconnect ⇒ Object

Forces reconnection of HTTP connections.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 878

def reconnect
  @generation += 1
end

#reconnect_ssl ⇒ Object

Forces reconnection of SSL connections.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 885

def reconnect_ssl
  @ssl_generation += 1
end

#request(uri, req = nil, &block) ⇒ Object

Makes a request on uri. If req is nil a Net::HTTP::Get is performed against uri.

If a block is passed #request behaves like Net::HTTP#request (the body of the response will not have been read).

req must be a Net::HTTPRequest subclass (see Net::HTTP for a list).

If there is an error and the request is idempotent according to RFC 2616 it will be retried automatically.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 920

def request uri, req = nil, &block
  retried      = false
  bad_response = false

  uri      = URI uri
  req      = request_setup req || uri
  response = nil

  connection_for uri do |connection|
    http = connection.http

    begin
      connection.requests += 1

      response = http.request req, &block

      if req.connection_close? or
         (response.http_version <= '1.0' and
          not response.connection_keep_alive?) or
         response.connection_close? then
        finish connection
      end
    rescue Net::HTTPBadResponse => e
      message = error_message connection

      finish connection

      raise Error, "too many bad responses #{message}" if
      bad_response or not can_retry? req

      bad_response = true
      retry
    rescue *RETRIED_EXCEPTIONS => e
      request_failed e, req, connection if
        retried or not can_retry? req

      reset connection

      retried = true
      retry
    rescue Errno::EINVAL, Errno::ETIMEDOUT => e # not retried on ruby 2
      request_failed e, req, connection if retried or not can_retry? req

      reset connection

      retried = true
      retry
    rescue Exception => e
      finish connection

      raise
    ensure
      connection.last_use = Time.now
    end
  end

  @http_versions["#{uri.host}:#{uri.port}"] ||= response.http_version

  response
end

#request_failed(exception, req, connection) ⇒ Object

Raises an Error for exception which resulted from attempting the request req on the connection.

Finishes the connection.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 987

def request_failed exception, req, connection # :nodoc:
  due_to = "(due to #{exception.message} - #{exception.class})"
  message = "too many connection resets #{due_to} #{error_message connection}"

  finish connection

  raise Error, message, exception.backtrace
end

#request_setup(req_or_uri) ⇒ Object

Creates a GET request if req_or_uri is a URI and adds headers to the request.

Returns the request.



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 1002

def request_setup req_or_uri # :nodoc:
  req = if URI === req_or_uri then
          Net::HTTP::Get.new req_or_uri.request_uri
        else
          req_or_uri
        end

  @headers.each do |pair|
    req.add_field(*pair)
  end

  @override_headers.each do |name, value|
    req[name] = value
  end

  unless req['Connection'] then
    req.add_field 'Connection', 'keep-alive'
    req.add_field 'Keep-Alive', @keep_alive
  end

  req
end

#reset(connection) ⇒ Object

Finishes then restarts the Net::HTTP connection



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 892

def reset connection
  http = connection.http

  finish connection

  start http
rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED
  e = Error.new "connection refused: #{http.address}:#{http.port}"
  e.set_backtrace $@
  raise e
rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN
  e = Error.new "host down: #{http.address}:#{http.port}"
  e.set_backtrace $@
  raise e
end

#shutdown ⇒ Object

Shuts down all connections

NOTE: Calling shutdown for can be dangerous!

If any thread is still using a connection it may cause an error! Call #shutdown when you are completely done making requests!



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 1033

def shutdown
  @pool.available.shutdown do |http|
    http.finish
  end
end

#ssl(connection) ⇒ Object

Enables SSL on connection



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 1042

def ssl connection
  connection.use_ssl = true

  connection.ciphers     = @ciphers     if @ciphers
  connection.ssl_timeout = @ssl_timeout if @ssl_timeout
  connection.ssl_version = @ssl_version if @ssl_version

  connection.verify_depth = @verify_depth
  connection.verify_mode  = @verify_mode

  if OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER == OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE and
     not Object.const_defined?(:I_KNOW_THAT_OPENSSL_VERIFY_PEER_EQUALS_VERIFY_NONE_IS_WRONG) then
    warn <<-WARNING
                           !!!SECURITY WARNING!!!

The SSL HTTP connection to:

#{connection.address}:#{connection.port}

                         !!!MAY NOT BE VERIFIED!!!

On your platform your OpenSSL implementation is broken.

There is no difference between the values of VERIFY_NONE and VERIFY_PEER.

This means that attempting to verify the security of SSL connections may not
work.  This exposes you to man-in-the-middle exploits, snooping on the
contents of your connection and other dangers to the security of your data.

To disable this warning define the following constant at top-level in your
application:

I_KNOW_THAT_OPENSSL_VERIFY_PEER_EQUALS_VERIFY_NONE_IS_WRONG = nil

    WARNING
  end

  connection.ca_file = @ca_file if @ca_file
  connection.ca_path = @ca_path if @ca_path

  if @ca_file or @ca_path then
    connection.verify_callback = @verify_callback if @verify_callback
  end

  if @certificate and @private_key then
    connection.cert = @certificate
    connection.key  = @private_key
  end

  connection.cert_store = if @cert_store then
                            @cert_store
                          else
                            store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
                            store.set_default_paths
                            store
                          end
end

#start(http) ⇒ Object

Starts the Net::HTTP connection



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 689

def start http
  http.set_debug_output @debug_output if @debug_output
  http.open_timeout = @open_timeout if @open_timeout

  http.start

  socket = http.instance_variable_get :@socket

  if socket then # for fakeweb
    @socket_options.each do |option|
      socket.io.setsockopt(*option)
    end
  end
end

#unescape(str) ⇒ Object

URI::unescape wrapper



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# File 'lib/vault/persistent.rb', line 669

def unescape str
  CGI.unescape str if str
end