mime-types

home: github.com/mime-types/ruby-mime-types/
code: github.com/mime-types/ruby-mime-types/
bugs: github.com/mime-types/ruby-mime-types/issues
rdoc: rdoc.info/gems/mime-types/
continuous integration: <img src=“https://travis-ci.org/mime-types/ruby-mime-types.png” />
test coverage: <img src=“https://coveralls.io/repos/mime-types/ruby-mime-types/badge.png” alt=“Coverage Status” />

Description

The mime-types library provides a library and registry for information about MIME content type definitions. It can be used to determine defined filename extensions for MIME types, or to use filename extensions to look up the likely MIME type definitions.

MIME content types are used in MIME-compliant communications, as in e-mail or HTTP traffic, to indicate the type of content which is transmitted. The mime-types library provides the ability for detailed information about MIME entities (provided as an enumerable collection of MIME::Type objects) to be determined and used. There are many types defined by RFCs and vendors, so the list is long but by definition incomplete; don’t hesitate to add additional type definitions. MIME type definitions found in mime-types are from RFCs, W3C recommendations, the IANA Media Types registry, and user contributions. It conforms to RFCs 2045 and 2231.

This is release 2.6 with two new experimental features. The first new feature is a new default registry storage format that greatly reduces the initial memory use of the mime-types library. This feature is enabled by requiring mime/types/columnar instead of mime/types with a small performance cost and no change in total memory use if certain methods are called (see Columnar Store). The second new feature is a logger interface that conforms to the expectations of an ActiveSupport::Logger so that warnings can be written to an application’s log rather than the default location for warn. This interface may be used for other logging purposes in the future.

mime-types 2.6 is the last planned version of mime-types 2.x, so deprecation warnings are no longer cached but provided every time the method is called. mime-types 2.6 supports Ruby 1.9.2 or later.

mime-types 1.x End of Life

mime-types 2.0 was released in late 2013, and as of early 2015 there have been no reported security issues for mime-types 1.x. With the release of mime-types 2.5, I set the formal End of Life for mime-types 1.x for 2015-10-27 (the second anniversary of the release of mime-types 2.0). After this date, absolutely no pull requests for mime-types 1.x will be accepted.

mime-types Future

There are a number of issues open that make clear to me that there are some fundamental changes that need to happen to both the data representation and the API provided by mime-types. This cannot happen under the current release, so all new development is focussing on an upcoming 3.0 release. The target for the release is on or before the beginning of RubyConf 2015 (2015-11-15).

When 3.0 is released, mime-types 2.x will receive regular updates of the IANA registry for two years following the release. It will also receive security updates, if needed, for the same period. There will be no further feature development on mime-types 2.x following the 3.0 release.

Coincident with the 3.0 release, I will release mime-types 2.99.0 that no longer imports the data to fields that have been deprecated, or exports it if it is present. If they work because they derive data from the data that is still present, the will continue to work. The quarterly updates will be against 2.99.x.

If the possible loss of this deprecated data matters, be sure to set your dependency appropriately:

gem 'mime-types', '~> 2.6, < 2.99'

Synopsis

MIME types are used in MIME entities, as in email or HTTP traffic. It is useful at times to have information available about MIME types (or, inversely, about files). A MIME::Type stores the known information about one MIME type.

require 'mime/types'

plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain'] # => [ text/plain ]
text = plaintext.first
puts text.media_type            # => 'text'
puts text.sub_type              # => 'plain'

puts text.extensions.join(' ')  # => 'txt asc c cc h hh cpp hpp dat hlp'
puts text.preferred_extension   # => 'txt'
puts text.friendly              # => 'Text Document'
puts text.i18n_key              # => 'text.plain'

puts text.encoding              # => quoted-printable
puts text.default_encoding      # => quoted-printable
puts text.binary?               # => false
puts text.ascii?                # => true
puts text.obsolete?             # => false
puts text.registered?           # => true
puts text.complete?             # => true

puts text                       # => 'text/plain'

puts text == 'text/plain'       # => true
puts 'text/plain' == text       # => true
puts text == 'text/x-plain'     # => false
puts 'text/x-plain' == text     # => false

puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'
puts MIME::Type.i18n_key('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl.zip'

puts text.like?('text/x-plain') # => true
puts text.like?(MIME::Type.new('x-text/x-plain')) # => true

puts text.xrefs.inspect # => { "rfc" => [ "rfc2046", "rfc3676", "rfc5147" ] }
puts text.urls # => [ "http://www.iana.org/go/rfc2046",
               #      "http://www.iana.org/go/rfc3676",
               #      "http://www.iana.org/go/rfc5147" ]

xtext = MIME::Type.new('x-text/x-plain')
puts xtext.media_type # => 'text'
puts xtext.raw_media_type # => 'x-text'
puts xtext.sub_type # => 'plain'
puts xtext.raw_sub_type # => 'x-plain'
puts xtext.complete? # => false

puts MIME::Types.any? { |type| type.content_type == 'text/plain' } # => true
puts MIME::Types.all?(&:registered?) # => false

# Various string representations of MIME types
qcelp = MIME::Types['audio/QCELP'].first # => audio/QCELP
puts qcelp.content_type         # => 'audio/QCELP'
puts qcelp.simplified           # => 'audio/qcelp'

xwingz = MIME::Types['application/x-Wingz'].first # => application/x-Wingz
puts xwingz.content_type        # => 'application/x-Wingz'
puts xwingz.simplified          # => 'application/wingz'

Columnar Store

mime-types 2.6 has an experimental columnar storage format that reduces the default memory footprint. It does this by selectively loading data. When a registry is first loaded from a columnar store, only the canonical MIME type and registered extensions will be loaded and the MIME type will be connected to its registry. When extended data is required (including #registered, #obsolete, #use_instead), that data is loaded from its own column file for all types in the registry. This load is done with a Mutex to ensure that the types are updated safely in a multithreaded environment.

Columnar storage is slated to become the default storage format for mime-types 3.0, but until that is released, the default is still to use the JSON storage format. As such, columnar storage can only currently be loaded at an application level with the following specification in the application Gemfile:

gem 'mime-types', require: 'mime/types/columnar'

Projects that do not use Bundler, and libraries that wish to suggest this behaviour to applications are encouraged to require this directly, but only if you specify a dependency on mime-types 2.6.

require 'mime/types/columnar'

Although this require will not be necessary after mime-types 3, it will work through at least version 4 and possibly beyond.

Note that the new Columnar class (MIME::Type::Columnar) and module (MIME::Types::Columnar) are considered private variant implementations of MIME::Type and MIME::Types and the specific implementation should not be relied upon by consumers of the mime-types library. Instead, depend on the public implementations only.

Cached Storage

Since version 2.0, mime-types has supported a cache of MIME types based on Marshal.dump. The cache is invalidated for each released version of mime-types so that version 2.5 is not reused for version 2.6. If the environment variable RUBY_MIME_TYPES_CACHE is set to a cache file, mime-types will attempt to load the MIME type registry from the cache file. If it cannot, it will load the types normally and then saves the registry to the cache file.

The current mime-types cache is not compatible with the columnar storage format. This will be resolved for mime-types 3.

mime-types Modified Semantic Versioning

The mime-types library has one version number, but this single version number tracks both API changes and registry data changes; this is not wholly compatible with all aspects of Semantic Versioning; removing a MIME type from the registry could be considered a breaking change under some interpretations of semantic versioning (as lookups for that particular type would no longer work by default).

mime-types uses a modified semantic versioning scheme. Given the version MAJOR.MINOR:

If an incompatible API (code) change is made, the MAJOR version will be incremented, MINOR will be set to zero, and PATCH will be reset to the implied zero.
If an API (code) feature is added that does not break compatibilty OR if there are MIME types added, removed, or changed in the registry, the MINOR version will be incremented and PATCH will be reset to the implied zero.
If there is a bugfix to a feature added in the most recent MAJOR.MINOR release, OR if purely typographical errors are fixed in MIME types, the implied PATCH value will be incremented resulting in MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.

In practical terms, there should be a MINOR release roughly monthly to track updated or changed MIME types from the official IANA registry. This does not indicate when new API features have been added, but all minor versions of mime-types 2.x will be backwards compatible; the interfaces marked deprecated will be removed in mime-types 3.x.

:include: Contributing.rdoc

:include: Licence.rdoc