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A JSON Web Token implementation for Ruby

Description

A Ruby implementation of the JSON Web Token (JWT) Standards Track RFC 7519

Installation

gem install json_web_token

Philosophy & Design Goals

  • Minimal API surface area
  • Clear separation and conformance to underlying standards
    • JSON Web Signature (JWS) Standards Track RFC 7515
    • JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) Standards Track RFC 7518
  • Thorough test coverage
  • Modularity for comprehension and extensibility
  • Fail fast and hard, with maximally strict validation
  • Implement only the REQUIRED elements of the JWT standard (initially)

Intended Audience

Token authentication of API requests to Rails via these prominent gems:

Secure Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) using the rack-cors gem

Usage

JsonWebToken.create(claims, options)

Returns a JSON Web Token string

claims (required) string or hash

options (required) hash

  • alg (optional, default: HS256)
  • key (required unless alg is 'none')

Example

require 'json_web_token'

# sign with default algorithm, HMAC SHA256
jwt = JsonWebToken.create({foo: 'bar'}, key: 'gZH75aKtMN3Yj0iPS4hcgUuTwjAzZr9C')

# sign with RSA SHA256 algorithm
opts = {
  alg: 'RSA256',
  key: < RSA private key >
}

jwt = JsonWebToken.create({foo: 'bar'}, opts)

# unsecured token (algorithm is 'none')
jwt = JsonWebToken.create({foo: 'bar'}, alg: 'none')

JsonWebToken.validate(jwt, options)

Returns either:

  • a JWT claims set string or hash, if the Message Authentication Code (MAC), or signature, is verified
  • a string, 'Invalid', otherwise

jwt (required) is a JSON web token string

options (required) hash

  • alg (optional, default: HS256)
  • key (required unless alg is 'none')

Example

require 'json_web_token'

secure_jwt_example = 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLA0KICJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJqb2UiLA0KICJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODAsDQogImh0dHA6Ly9leGFt.cGxlLmNvbS9pc19yb290Ijp0cnVlfQ.dBjftJeZ4CVP-mB92K27uhbUJU1p1r_wW1gFWFOEjXk'

# verify with default algorithm, HMAC SHA256
claims = JsonWebToken.validate(secure_jwt_example, key: 'gZH75aKtMN3Yj0iPS4hcgUuTwjAzZr9C')

# verify with RSA SHA256 algorithm
opts = {
  alg: 'RSA256',
  key: < RSA public key >
}

claims = JsonWebToken.validate(jwt, opts)

# unsecured token (algorithm is 'none')
unsecured_jwt_example = 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLA0KICJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJqb2UiLA0KICJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODAsDQogImh0dHA6Ly9leGFt.'

claims = JsonWebToken.validate(unsecured_jwt_example, alg: 'none')

Supported encryption algorithms

alg Param Value Digital Signature or MAC Algorithm
HS256 HMAC using SHA-256 per RFC 2104
HS384 HMAC using SHA-384
HS512 HMAC using SHA-512
RS256 RSASSA-PKCS-v1_5 using SHA-256 per RFC3447
RS384 RSASSA-PKCS-v1_5 using SHA-384
RS512 RSASSA-PKCS-v1_5 using SHA-512
ES256 ECDSA using P-256 and SHA-256 per DSS
ES384 ECDSA using P-384 and SHA-384
ES512 ECDSA using P-521 and SHA-512
none No digital signature or MAC performed (unsecured)

Supported Ruby Versions

Ruby 2.0 and up

Limitations

Future implementation may include these features:

  • processing of OPTIONAL JWT registered claim names (e.g. 'exp')
  • representation of a JWT as a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) RFC 7516
  • OPTIONAL nested JWTs