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Globalize builds on the I18n API in Ruby on Rails to add model translations to ActiveRecord models.
In other words, a way to translate actual user-generated content, for example; a single blog post with multiple translations.
Current state of the gem
Globalize is not very actively maintained. Pull Requests are welcome, especially for compatibility with new versions of Rails, but none of the maintainers actively use Globalize anymore. If you need a more actively maintained model translation gem, we recommend checking out Mobility, a natural successor of Globalize created by Chris Salzberg (one of Globalize maintainers) and inspired by the ideas discussed around Globalize. For a more up-to-date discussion of the current situation, see issue #753.
Requirements
- ActiveRecord >= 4.2.0 (see below for installation with ActiveRecord 3.x)
- I18n
Installation
To install the ActiveRecord 4.2.x compatible version of Globalize with its default setup, just use:
ruby
gem install globalize
When using bundler put this in your Gemfile:
ruby
gem 'globalize', '~> 5.3.0'
Please help us by letting us know what works, and what doesn’t, when using pre-release code.
Put in your Gemfile
ruby
gem 'globalize', git: 'https://github.com/globalize/globalize'
gem 'activemodel-serializers-xml'
To use the version of globalize for ActiveRecord 4.0 or 4.1, specify:
ruby
gem 'globalize', '~> 4.0.3'
To use the version of globalize for ActiveRecord 3.1 or 3.2, specify:
ruby
gem 'globalize', '~> 3.1.0'
(If you are using ActiveRecord 3.0, use version 3.0: gem 'globalize', '3.0.4'.)
The 3-1-stable branch of this repository corresponds to the latest ActiveRecord 3 version of globalize. Note that globalize3 has been deprecated and you are encouraged to update your Gemfile accordingly.
Model translations
Model translations allow you to translate your models’ attribute values. E.g.
ruby
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
translates :title, :text
end
Allows you to translate the attributes :title and :text per locale:
```ruby I18n.locale = :en post.title # => Globalize rocks!
I18n.locale = :he post.title # => גלובאלייז2 שולט! ```
You can also set translations with mass-assignment by specifying the locale:
ruby
post.attributes = { title: 'גלובאלייז2 שולט!', locale: :he }
In order to make this work, you’ll need to add the appropriate translation tables.
Globalize comes with a handy helper method to help you do this.
It’s called create_translation_table!. Here’s an example:
Note that your migrations can use create_translation_table! and drop_translation_table!
only inside the up and down instance methods, respectively. You cannot use create_translation_table!
and drop_translation_table! inside the change instance method.
Creating translation tables
Also note that before you can create a translation table, you have to define the translated attributes via translates in your model as shown above.
```ruby class CreatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :posts do |t| t.timestamps end
reversible do |dir|
dir.up do
Post.create_translation_table! :title => :string, :text => :text
end
dir.down do
Post.drop_translation_table!
end
end end end ```
Also, you can pass options for specific columns. Here’s an example:
```ruby class CreatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :posts do |t| t.timestamps end
reversible do |dir|
dir.up do
Post.create_translation_table! :title => :string,
:text => {:type => :text, :null => false, :default => 'abc'}
end
dir.down do
Post.drop_translation_table!
end
end end end ```
Note that the ActiveRecord model Post must already exist and have a translates
directive listing the translated fields.
Migrating existing data to and from the translated version
As well as creating a translation table, you can also use create_translation_table!
to migrate across any existing data to the default locale. This can also operate
in reverse to restore any translations from the default locale back to the model
when you don’t want to use a translation table anymore using drop_translation_table!
This feature makes use of untranslated_attributes which allows access to the
model’s attributes as they were before the translation was applied. Here’s an
example (which assumes you already have a model called Post and its table
exists):
```ruby class TranslatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration def change reversible do |dir| dir.up do Post.create_translation_table!({ :title => :string, :text => :text }, { :migrate_data => true }) end
dir.down do
Post.drop_translation_table! :migrate_data => true
end
end end end ```
NOTE: Make sure you drop the translated columns from the parent table after all your data is safely migrated.
To automatically remove the translated columns from the parent table after the data migration, please use option remove_source_columns.
```ruby class TranslatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up Post.create_translation_table!({ :title => :string, :text => :text }, { :migrate_data => true, :remove_source_columns => true }) end
def self.down Post.drop_translation_table! :migrate_data => true end end ```
In order to use a specific locale for migrated data, you can use I18n.with_locale:
ruby
I18n.with_locale(:bo) do
Post.create_translation_table!({
:title => :string,
:text => :text
}, {
:migrate_data => true
})
end
Adding additional fields to the translation table
In order to add a new field to an existing translation table, you can use add_translation_fields!:
```ruby class AddAuthorToPost < ActiveRecord::Migration def change reversible do |dir| dir.up do Post.add_translation_fields! author: :text end
dir.down do
remove_column :post_translations, :author
end
end end end ```
NOTE: Remember to add the new field to the model:
ruby
translates :title, :author
## Gotchas
Because globalize uses the :locale key to specify the locale during
mass-assignment, you should avoid having a locale attribute on the parent
model.
If you like your translated model to update if a translation changes, use the touch: true option together with translates:
ruby
translates :name, touch: true
Known Issues
If you’re getting the ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::NotNullViolation: ERROR: null value in column "column_name" violates not-null constraint error, the only known way to deal with it as of now is to remove not-null constraint for the globalized columns:
ruby
class RemoveNullConstraintsFromResourceTranslations < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
change_column_null :resource_translations, :column_name, true
end
end
Versioning with Globalize
See the globalize-versioning gem.
I18n fallbacks for empty translations
It is possible to enable fallbacks for empty translations. It will depend on the configuration setting you have set for I18n translations in your Rails config.
You can enable them by adding the next line to config/application.rb (or only
config/environments/production.rb if you only want them in production)
ruby
# For version 1.1.0 and above of the `i18n` gem:
config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]
# Below version 1.1.0 of the `i18n` gem:
config.i18n.fallbacks = true
By default, globalize will only use fallbacks when your translation model does
not exist or the translation value for the item you’ve requested is nil.
However it is possible to also use fallbacks for blank translations by adding
:fallbacks_for_empty_translations => true to the translates method.
```ruby class Post < ActiveRecord::Base translates :title, :name end
puts post.translations.inspect # => [#<Post::Translation id: 1, post_id: 1, locale: “en”, title: “Globalize rocks!”, name: “Globalize”>, #<Post::Translation id: 2, post_id: 1, locale: “nl”, title: ‘’, name: nil>]
I18n.locale = :en post.title # => ‘Globalize rocks!’ post.name # => ‘Globalize’
I18n.locale = :nl post.title # => ‘’ post.name # => ‘Globalize’ ```
```ruby class Post < ActiveRecord::Base translates :title, :name, :fallbacks_for_empty_translations => true end
puts post.translations.inspect # => [#<Post::Translation id: 1, post_id: 1, locale: “en”, title: “Globalize rocks!”, name: “Globalize”>, #<Post::Translation id: 2, post_id: 1, locale: “nl”, title: ‘’, name: nil>]
I18n.locale = :en post.title # => ‘Globalize rocks!’ post.name # => ‘Globalize’
I18n.locale = :nl post.title # => ‘Globalize rocks!’ post.name # => ‘Globalize’ ```
Fallback locales to each other
It is possible to setup locales to fallback to each other.
```ruby class Post < ActiveRecord::Base translates :title, :name end
Globalize.fallbacks = => [:en, :pl], :pl => [:pl, :en]
I18n.locale = :en en_post = Post.create(:title => ‘en_title’)
I18n.locale = :pl pl_post = Post.create(:title => ‘pl_title’) en_post.title # => ‘en_title’
I18n.locale = :en en_post.title # => ‘en_title’ pl_post.title # => ‘pl_title’ ```
Scoping objects by those with translations
To only return objects that have a translation for the given locale we can use
the with_translations scope. This will only return records that have a
translations for the passed in locale.
```ruby Post.with_translations(‘en’) # => [ #<Post::Translation id: 1, post_id: 1, locale: “en”, title: “Globalize rocks!”, name: “Globalize”>, #<Post::Translation id: 2, post_id: 1, locale: “nl”, title: ‘’, name: nil> ]
Post.with_translations(I18n.locale) # => [ #<Post::Translation id: 1, post_id: 1, locale: “en”, title: “Globalize rocks!”, name: “Globalize”>, #<Post::Translation id: 2, post_id: 1, locale: “nl”, title: ‘’, name: nil> ]
Post.with_translations(‘de’) # => [] ```
Show different languages
In views, if there is content from different locales that you wish to display,
you should use the with_locale option with a block, as below:
erb
<% Globalize.with_locale(:en) do %>
<%= render "my_translated_partial" %>
<% end %>
Your partial will now be rendered with the :en locale set as the current locale.
Interpolation
Globalize supports interpolation in a similar manner to I18n.
```ruby class Post < ActiveRecord::Base translates :title end
I18n.locale = :en post.title = “Globalize %superlative!”
post.title # #=> “Globalize %superlative!”
post.title(:foo => “bar”) # SomeError: missing interpolation argument :superlative
post.title(:superlative => “rocks”) # #=> “Globalize rocks!” ```
Fragment caching
Don’t forget to add globalize locale into the cache_key to separate different localizations of the record.
One of the possible ways to implement it:
ruby
# inside translated model
def cache_key
super + '-' + Globalize.locale.to_s
end
Thread-safety
Globalize uses request_store gem to clean up thread-global variable after every request. RequestStore includes a Railtie that will configure everything properly for Rails 3+ apps.
If you’re not using Rails, you may need to consult a RequestStore’s README to configure it.
Tutorials and articles
- Go Global with Rails and I18n - introductory article about i18n in Rails (Ilya Bodrov)
Official Globalize extensions
- globalize-accessors - generator of accessor methods for models. (e.g. title_en, title_cz)
- globalize-versioning - versioning support for using Globalize with
paper_trail. (compatible with Globalize 3.x and 4.x)
Alternative solutions
- Traco - use multiple columns in the same model (Barsoom)
- Mobility - pluggable translation framework supporting many strategies, including translatable columns, translation tables and hstore/jsonb (Chris Salzberg)
- hstore_translate - use PostgreSQL’s hstore datatype to store translations, instead of separate translation tables (Cédric Fabianski)
- json_translate - use PostgreSQL’s json/jsonb datatype to store translations, instead of separate translation tables (Cédric Fabianski)
- Trasto - store translations directly in the model in a Postgres Hstore column
Related solutions
- friendly_id-globalize - lets you use Globalize to translate slugs (Norman Clarke)