EndpointFlux

A simple way to organise API endpoints

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Telegram group https://t.me/endpoint_flux

Index

• Projects code organisation
• Usage
  • Installation
  • Configuration
    
  • Endpoints
    
  • Routing
  • Controllers
    
  • Middlewares
    • Authenticator
    • Authorizator
      
    • Policy
    • Validator
    • Decorator
  • Decorators
  • Validations
    
  • Services
  • Exceptions
  • Response helpers
    
• Contributing
  • Maintainers
• License

Projects code organisation

EndpointFlux offers you a new file and logic organisation in Ruby applications.

app
├── controllers
│   ├── users_controller.rb
├── endpoint_flux
│   ├── decorators
│   │   ├── users
│   │   │   ├── project.rb
│   │   ├── user.rb
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── endpoints
│   │   ├── users
│   │       ├── create.rb
│   │       ├── update.rb
│   │       ├── ...
│   ├── middlewares
│   │   ├── authenticator
│   │   │   ├── default.rb
│   │   ├── authorizator
│   │   │   ├── default.rb
│   │   ├── decorator
│   │   │   ├── paginate.rb
│   │   │   ├── representable.rb
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   ├── policy
│   │   │   ├── comment.rb
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   ├── validator
│   │       ├── inline.rb
│   ├── services
│   │   ├── auth.rb
│   │   ├── ...
│   ├── validations
│   │   ├── predicates
│   │   │   ├── base.rb
│   │   │   ├── date.rb
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   ├── base.rb
│   │   ├── error.rb
│   │   ├── user.rb

Usage

Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem 'endpoint-flux', require: 'endpoint_flux'

For a latest versvion

gem 'endpoint-flux', git: 'https://github.com/pavelkvasnikov/endpoint-flux.git', require: 'endpoint_flux'

And then execute:

$ bundle install

Or install it yourself as:

$ gem install endpoint-flux

Run rake task to generate project structure (currently available in a latest version)

$ rails endpoint_flux:init

It will add a new dir app/endpoint_flux and new initializer config/initializers/endpoint_flux.rb

Configuration

You can initialize the EndpointFlux before using and can specify a bunch of params as you need. Locate it in config/initializers/endpoint_flux.rb.

With the EndpointFlux.config.middlewares_namespaces directive you can specify the location of middleware.

EndpointFlux.config.middlewares_namespaces << 'middlewares'

To specify the default middleware that will be used for each response, if nothing specified in Endpoint class, use EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares directive. For example:

EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :validator, :inline

Where :validator is a middleware and :inline is a class that defined in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/validator/inline.rb. More details here.

With EndpointFlux.config.rescue_from you can specify how to handle the custom exceptions that would be raised in Application. For example:

not_found_errors = [ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound]
EndpointFlux.config.rescue_from(not_found_errors) do |_, attrs, _|
  attrs[1].body = EndpointFlux::Exceptions::NotFound.new.to_hash
  attrs
end

Also you can specify interceptor that would be called before processing each response

EndpointFlux.config.interceptor do |attrs|
  Rails.root.join('maintenance.txt').exist? &&
    raise(EndpointFlux::Exceptions::ServiceUnavailable)

  attrs
end 

And if you need you can define your own methods like this:

EndpointFlux::Endpoint.class_eval do
  define_method(:raise_validation_error) do |errors|
    raise EndpointFlux::Exceptions::Validation, errors
  end
end

Config example:

# config/initializers/endpoint_flux.rb
require 'endpoint_flux'

EndpointFlux.config.middlewares_namespaces << 'middlewares'

EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :authenticator, :default
EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :authorizator, :default
EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :validator, :inline
EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :policy,    :skip
EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :decorator, :skip

not_found_errors = [ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound]
EndpointFlux.config.rescue_from(not_found_errors) do |_, attrs, _|
  attrs[1].body = EndpointFlux::Exceptions::NotFound.new.to_hash
  attrs
end

EndpointFlux.config.interceptor do |attrs|
  Rails.root.join('maintenance.txt').exist? &&
    raise(EndpointFlux::Exceptions::ServiceUnavailable)

  attrs
end

EndpointFlux::Endpoint.class_eval do
  define_method(:raise_validation_error) do |errors|
    raise EndpointFlux::Exceptions::Validation, errors
  end
end

Routing

EndpointFlux has Rails helper - present, which integrates with Rails controllers. So, you can use the default Rails routing system to define routes.

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  resources :users
end

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  def index
    present 'users/index' # it dispatches to Endpoints::Users::Index endpoint class.
  end  
end

Or if you're using it in not Rails application, you can implement the middleware for providing such data to Endpoints namespace, for example:

class BaseHandler
  def process(msg, options, namespace)
    params   = JSON.parse(msg)
    action   = options[:headers]['action']
    endpoint = endpoint_for("#{namespace}/#{action}")

    _, response = endpoint.perform(request_object(params))

    response.body
  end

  private

  def endpoint_for(namespace)
    if ::EndpointFlux.config.endpoints_namespace
      ::EndpointFlux.config.endpoints_namespace + '/' + namespace
    else
      namespace
    end.camelize.constantize
  end

  def request_object(params)
    ::EndpointFlux::Request.new(headers: {}, params: params.to_h.deep_symbolize_keys!)
  end
end

Controllers

Controllers are simple endpoints for HTTP. They don't have any business logic and just dispatch to an endpoint class.

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  def index
    present 'users/index' # it dispatches to Endpoints::Users::Index endpoint class.
  end  
end

Finally present method renders response.body in JSON format (render json: response.body).

Endpoints

Endpoints encapsulate business logic and it's a central part of applications architecture. It can be used in any Ruby application like Rails, Sinatra and etc. It's a simple coordinator between all layers needed to get the job done. Endpoint needs for defining and implementing steps for the processing data for response. It uses middlewares for data processing that receives the arguments from the caller and returns the array [request, response] with response that contains body and headers for API.

# app/endpoint_flux/endpoints/users/comments/index.rb
module Endpoints
  module Users
    module Comments
      module Index
        include EndpointFlux::Endpoint

        policy :user
        policy :comments

        validator :inline do
          required(:user_id).value(:number?)
        end

        process do |request, response|
          response.body[:comments] = request.scope

          [request, response]
        end

        decorator :add_status, 200        
        decorator :representable, decorator: :comment, collection?: true, wrapped_in: :comments
      end
    end
  end
end

Middlewares

EndpointFlux has 6 types of predefined middlewares. They will be called in the strong defined order - authenticator, authorizator, validator, policy, process, decorator. Where process should be defined inside the endpoint class for the request processing.

Also you can add your own middleware class to this flow or change the order. It's possible in two ways:

• Inside the custom endpoint class, for example:
  ```ruby # app/endpoint_flux/endpoints/users/index.rb

module Endpoints module Users module Index include EndpointFlux::Endpoint # define new flow with new_middleware only for this endpoint flow %i[authenticator authorizator validator policy process new_middleware decorator]

  authorizator :skip
  #...
  process do |request, response|
  # ... some actions
    [request, response]
  end

  # define the middleware
  new_middleware :default 

  decorator :add_status, 200
end

end end

* Globally in EndpointFlux config section that will affect all endpoints, for example:
```ruby
# config/initializers/endpoint_flux.rb
# ...
# define default value for new middleware
EndpointFlux.config.default_middlewares :new_middleware, :default 
# Global change the middlewares order flow by adding a new one `new_middleware`
EndpointFlux.config.flow(%i[authenticator authorizator validator policy process new_middleware decorator]) 

Middleware class definition should contains self.perform(*args) method and returns the [request, response] as a result

# app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/new_middleware/default.rb
module Middlewares
  module NewMiddleware
    module Default
      def self.perform(request, response, _)
        # ... some actions
        [request, response]
      end
    end
  end
end

We have implemented the default middlewares that could be used to skip it without any changes to data. It's located here

Authenticator

Here you can implement your authenticate system. For example you can user the JWT gem Locate it in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/authenticator folder. Also you can skip this middleware in Endpoint class by authenticator :skip directive

Authorizator

Here you can implement your authorization system and check the user permissions according to the user role. Locate it in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/authorizator folder. Also you can skip this middleware in the Endpoint class by authorizator :skip directive

Policy

Here you implement different policy scopes and use them inside the Endpoint class. And also you can chain it to each other by calling in special order. Locate it in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/policy folder.

For example:

• User policy

  # app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/policy/user.rb
  module Middlewares
  module Policy
  module User
    def self.perform(request, response, _)
      request.scope = ::User.find(request.params[:user_id])
  
      [request, response]
    end
  end
  end
  end
  

• Comments policy

  # app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/policy/comments.rb
  module Middlewares
  module Policy
  module Comments
    def self.perform(request, response, _)
      raise 'scope must be set' unless request.scope
      raise 'scope must be User' unless request.scope.class.name == 'User'
  
      request.scope = ::Comment.where(user_id: request.scope.id)
  
      [request, response]
    end
  end
  end
  end
  

And usage inside the Endpoint class:

# app/endpoint_flux/endpoints/users/comments/index.rb
module Endpoints
  module Users
    module Comments
      module Index
        include EndpointFlux::Endpoint

        policy :user  # get user scope
        policy :comments # get users comments scope

        validator :inline do
          required(:user_id).value(:number?)
        end

        process do |request, response|
          response.body[:comments] = request.scope

          [request, response]
        end

        decorator :add_status, 200        
        decorator :representable, decorator: :comment, collection?: true, wrapped_in: :comments
      end
    end
  end
end

Validator

Here you can implement validation system for request params using the Dry validation gem or another libraries. Locate it in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/validator folder. Also you can skip this middleware in the Endpoint class by validator :empty directive

# app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/validator/inline.rb
module Middlewares
  module Validator
    module Inline
      def self.perform(request, response, _options, &block)
        validation = ::Services::Validation(&block).call(request.params)
        unless validation.success?
          raise ::EndpointFlux::Exceptions::Validation, validation.messages
        end
        request.params = validation.result

        [request, response]
      end
    end
  end
end

Just declare the schema block inside the endpoint to provide it to middleware

# app/endpoint_flux/endpoints/users/create.rb
module Endpoints
  module Users
    module Create      
      include EndpointFlux::Endpoint

      authenticator :skip
      authorizator :skip

      validator :inline do
        required(:user).schema do
          required(:email).value(:str?, :email?)
          required(:password).value(:str?, :password?)
        end        
      end

      process do |request, response|
        # some actions ... like calling checking for user uniqueness, Mailer Sidekiq workers, token generation and etc.

        response.body[:user] = ::User.create(request.params[:user])

        # ...

        [request, response]
      end

      decorator :add_status, 200        
      decorator :representable, decorator: :user      
    end
  end
end

Decorator

Here you can implement a decorator system for representing the response. Locate it in app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/decorator folder. You can call it inside the endpoint class by using directive like this decorator :representable, decorator: :user, where :representable it's your decorators class name and decorator: :user it's a custom params as you wish (in this situation specialising to use User decorator for representing data).
For example

# app/endpoint_flux/middlewares/decorator/representable.rb
module Middlewares
  module Decorator
    module Representable
      def self.perform(request, response, options)
        resource_name = options[:decorator]
        resource      = response.body[resource_name]

        response.body[resource_name] = ::Services::Decorator.call(resource, options) if resource

        [request, response]
      end
    end
  end
end      

You can add a custom status to the response body by using directive decorator :add_status, {status_number}, for example decorator :add_status, 200. Also you can skip this middleware in the Endpoint class by decorator :skip directive

Decorators

Endpoint can use representers from app/endpoint_flux/decorators to serialize and parse JSON and XML documents for APIs. For example you can use Representable gem, it maps representation documents from and to Ruby objects and includes JSON, XML and YAML support, plain properties and compositions. You can define the decorator schema class in app/endpoint_flux/decorators folder and specify it inside of the endpoint class by providing as params for decorator directive, for example decorator :representable, decorator: :user

# app/endpoint_flux/decorators/user.rb
module Decorators
  class User < Representable::Decorator
    include Representable::JSON

    property :id
    property :name
    property :email    
    property :role, exec_context: :decorator   

    property :updated_at
    property :created_at

    def role
      represented.role.name
    end
  end
end    

Validations

In app/endpoint_flux/validations you can locate a custom validation classes and use them with Validator middleware.

Services

You can move some business logic from endpoints to service object and locate it here app/endpoint_flux/services.

Exceptions

You can use EndpointFlux predefined Exceptions for you business logic, for example raise ::EndpointFlux::Exceptions::Validation. They defined in lib/endpoint_flux/exceptions

The list of exceptions:

• Forbidden
• NotFound
• ServiceUnavailable
• Unauthorized
• Validation

Response helpers

If needs you can use the response helpers to check the response body status such as success?, invalid? or you can define your own helpers in that way. You can use it with an instance of the EndpointFlux::Response class. They defined in lib/endpoint_flux/response.rb

The list of helpers:

• success?
• invalid?
• forbidden?
• unauthorized?
• not_found?

Contributing

Maintainers

License

The gem is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.