Embedded Localization

embedded_localization is compatible with Rails 3.x, 4.x and Rails 5.x, and adds model translations to ActiveRecord. embedded_localization is compatible with and builds on the new I18n API in Ruby on Rails

embedded_localization is very lightweight, and allows you to transparently store translations of attributes right inside each record — no extra database tables needed to store the localization data! Make sure that your database default encoding is UTF-8 or UFT-16.

Model translations with embedded_localization use default ActiveRecord features and do not limit any ActiveRecord functionality.

On top of that, you also get tools for checking into which locales an attribute was translated to, as well as for checking overall translation coverage.

Motivation

One real-life scenario is that you have a SaaS system which needs custom text for each company, which also needs to be translated in to several languages. Another scenario is that you have dynamic content that needs to be translated.

A recent project needed some localization support for ActiveRecord model data, but I did not want to clutter the schema with one additional table for each translated model, as the globalize gem requires. A second requirement was to allow SQL queries of the fields using the default locale.

The advantage of EmbeddedLocalization is that it does not need extra tables, and therefore no joins or additional table lookups to get to the translated data.

If your requirements are different, this approach might not work for you. In that case, I recommend to look at the alternative solutions listed at the bottom of this page.

Requirements

• ActiveRecord >= 3
  
• I18n

Installation

To install Embedded_Localization, use:

  $ gem install embedded_localization

Translated Models

Adding localization to a table is very simple. Just add a text field named i18n to the table, and you are ready to go! This allows you to add translated fields via the helper method translates in the model.

Optionally, you can also keep a DB field with the same name as the translated field, which will store the values for the I18n.default_locale.

Model translations allow you to translate your models’ attribute values. The attribute type needs to be string or text.

Example 1

Let's assume you have a table for movie genres, and you want to translate the names and the descriptions of the genres. Simply define your Genre model as follows:

  class Genre < ActiveRecord::Base
    translates :name, :description
  end

In the DB migration, you just need to add the i18n text field:

  class CreateGenres < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def self.change
      create_table :genres do |t|
        t.text   :i18n  # stores ALL the translated attributes; persisted as a Hash

        t.timestamps
      end
    end
  end

Example 2

Obviously you can't do SQL queries against tanslated fields which are stored in the i18n text field. To eliviate this problem, you can also define a normal DB attribute with the same name as your translated attribute, and it will store the value for your I18n.default_locale.

This way you can always do SQL queries against the values in the I18n.default_locale.

To do this, using the same model as in example 1, you can modify your migration as follows:

  class CreateGenres < ActiveRecord::Migration
    def self.change
      create_table :genres do |t|
        t.text   :i18n  # stores the translated attributes; persisted as a Hash

        t.string :name  # allows us to do SQL queries

        t.timestamps
      end
    end
  end

Usage

In your code you can modify the values of your translated attributes in two ways.

Using Setters / Getters

Using the built-in getter/setter methods you can set the values for any locale directly, even though you are using your own locale.

  I18n.locale = :en
  g = Genre.first
  g.name = 'science fiction'

  # even though you are using the :en locale, you can still set the values for other locales:

  g.set_localized_attribute( :name, :jp, "サイエンスフィクション" )
  g.set_localized_attribute( :name, :ko, "공상 과학 소설" )

  g.name       # => 'science fiction'
  g.name(:jp)  # => "サイエンスフィクション"
  g.name(:ko)  # => "공상 과학 소설"

  g.get_localized_attribute( :name, :jp )  # => "サイエンスフィクション"
  g.get_localized_attribute( :name, :ko )  # => "공상 과학 소설"

Tweaking I18n.locale

By manipulating the I18n.locale. This is what happens if you have user's with different locales entering values into a database.

The controller is just assigning the new value via name= , but embedded_localization gem takes care of storing it for the correct given locale.

  I18n.locale = :en
  g = Genre.first
  g.name  # => 'science fiction'

  I18n.locale = :jp
  g.name = "サイエンスフィクション"

  I18n.locale = :ko
  g.name = "공상 과학 소설"
  g.name  # => "공상 과학 소설"

  I18n.locale = :jp
  g.name  # => "サイエンスフィクション"

  I18n.locale = :en  # MAKE SURE to switch back to your default locale if you tweak it

SQL Queries against Translated Fields

Old embedded_localization implementations < 0.2.0 had the drawback that you can not do SQL queries on translated attributes.

To eliminate this limitation, you can now define any translated attribute as a first-class database column in your migration.

If you define a translated attribute as a column, embedded_localization will store the attribute value for I18n.default_locale in that column, so you can search for it.

After defining the column, and running the migration, you need to populate the column initially. It will auto-update every time you write while you are using I18n.default_locale .

See also Example 2 above.

  I18n.locale = :en
  g = Genre.first
  g.name = 'science fiction'   # in Example 2 this will be stored in the DB column :name as well
  ...
  g.set_localized_attribute( :name, :jp, "サイエンスフィクション" )
  ...
  scifi = Genre.where(:name => "science fiction").first

Limitation: You can not search for the translated strings other than for your default locale.

Data Migration

Existing data can be migrated from an existing (not-translated) column, into a translated column with the same name as follows:

Genre.record_timestamps = false   # to not modify your existing timestamps
Genre.all.each do |g|
  g.name = g.name   # the right-hand-side fetches the translation from the i18n attribute hash
  g.save            # saves the :name attribute without updating the updated_at timestamp
end
Genre.record_timestamps = true

I18n fallbacks for empty translations

It is possible to enable fallbacks for empty translations. It will depend on the configuration setting you have set for I18n translations in your Rails config, or you can enable fallback when you define the translation fields. Currently we only support fallback to I18n.default_locale

You can enable them by adding the next line to config/application.rb (or only config/environments/production.rb if you only want them in production)

    config.i18n.fallbacks = true # falls back to I18n.default_locale

By default, embedded_localization will only use fallbacks when the translation value for the item you've requested is nil.

    class Genre < ActiveRecord::Base
      translates :name, :description # , :fallbacks => true
    end

    I18n.locale = :en
    g = Genre.first
    g.name  # => 'science fiction'

    I18n.locale = :jp
    g.name  # => "サイエンスフィクション"

    I18n.locale = :de
    g.name  # => nil

    I18n.fallbacks = true
    I18n.locale = :de
    g.name  # => 'science fiction'

Want some Candy?

It's nice to have the values of attributes be set or read with the current locale, but embedded_localization offers you a couple of additional features, which can come in handy.

Class Methods

Each class which uses embedded_localization will have these additional methods defined:

• Klass.translated_attributes
• Klass.translated?
• Klass.fallbacks?

e.g.:

 Genre.translated_attributes # => [:name,:description]
 Genre.translated?  # => true
 Genre.fallbacks?  # => false

Instance Methods

Each model instance of a class which uses embedded_localization will have these additional features:

• on-the-fly translations, via g.name(:locale)
• list of translated locales
• list of translated attributes
• hash of translation coverage for a given record's attributes or a particular attribute
• hash of missing translations for a given record's attributes or a particular attribute
• directly setting and getting attribute values for a given locale; without having to change I18n.locale

e.g.:

g = Genre.where(:name => "science fiction").first

# check if an attribute is translated:
g.translated?(:name) # => true

# which attributes are translated?
g.translated_attributes   # => [:description, :name]

# check for which locales we have values: (spanning all translated fields)
g.translated_locales  # => [:en]

g.set_localized_attribute(:description, :de, "Ich liebe Science Fiction Filme")

# check again for which locales we have values: (spanning all translated fields)
g.translated_locales  # => [:en, :de]

# show details for which locales the attributes have values for:
#   for all attributes:
g.translation_coverage  # => {:name=>[:en], :description=>[:de]}

#   for a specific attribute:
g.translation_coverage(:name) # => [:en]
g.translation_coverage(:description)  # => [:de]

# show where translations are missing:
#   for all attributes:
g.translation_missing   # => {:description=>[:en], :name=>[:de]}

#   for a specific attribute:
g.translation_missing(:name)  # => [:de]
g.translation_missing(:description)  # => [:en]

translated_locales vs translation_coverage

translated_locales

translated_locales lists the super-set of all locales, including the default locale, even if there is no value set for a specific attribute. For a new empty record, this will report I18n.default_locale.

translated_locales reports which translations / languages are possible.

translation_coverage

translation_coverage only lists locales for which a non-nil value is set. For a new empty record, this will be empty.

translation_coverage reports for which languages translations exist (actual values exist).

Example

   I18n.locale = :jp
   g = Genre.first
   g.name  # => "サイエンスフィクション"

   g.name(:en)  # => 'science fiction'
   g.name(:ko)  # => "공상 과학 소설"
   g.name(:de)  # => nil

   g.translated_locales  # => [:en,:jp,:ko]
   g.translated_attributes # => [:name,:description]
   g.translated?  # => true

   g.translation_coverage
   # => {"name"=>["en", "ko", "jp"] , "description"=>["en", "de", "fr", "ko", "jp", "es"]}

   g.translation_coverage(:name)
   # => {"name"=>["en", "ko", "jp"]}

   g.translation_missing
   # => {"name"=>["de", "fr", "es"]}

   g.translation_missing(:display)
   # => {}     # this indicates that there are no missing translations for the :display attribute

   g.get_localized_attribute(:name, :de)
   # => nil

   g.set_localized_attribute(:name, :de, "Science-Fiction")
   # => "Science-Fiction"

Changes

1.2.0 (2017-11-10)

• Rails 5 compatibility
• fixing tests
• updating doc

1.1.1 (2014-11-02)

• minor update

1.1.0 (2014-01-12)

• adding more rspec tests.
• improving documentation and README

1.0.0 (2014-01-11)

• adding rspec tests.
• fixing issue #6: translated fields for new records were not nil
• fixing issue #7: translation_missing for new records is breaking

0.2.5 (2013-11-02)

• adding MIT and GPL-2 licenses to gem-spec file; contact me if you need another license

0.2.4 (2012-03-02)

• Issue #5 : bugfix for attr_writer

0.2.3 (2012-03-02)

• Issue #4 : bugfix for attr_writer - no longer updates attributes if value didn't change => timestamps don't change in that case

0.2.2 (2012-02-06)

• bugfix for attr_writer

0.2.1 (2012-01-31)

• bugfix for serialized i18n attribute

0.2.0 (2012-01-31)

• added support for having DB columns for translated attributes, to enable SQL queries in I18n.default_locale

0.1.4 (2012-01-31)

• fixed bug with dirty tracking of serialized i18n attribute
• renamed #fallback? to #fallbacks?

0.1.3 Initial Version (2012-01-27)

• initial version

Alternative Solutions

• Mongoid - awesome Ruby ORM for MongoDB, which includes in-table localization of attributes (mongoid >= 2.3.0)
• Globalize - is an awesome gem, but different approach with more tables in the schema.
• Veger's fork of Globalize2 - uses default AR schema for the default locale, delegates to the translations table for other locales only
• TranslatableColumns - have multiple languages of the same attribute in a model (Iain Hecker)
• localized_record - allows records to have localized attributes without any modifications to the database (Glenn Powell)
• model_translations - Minimal implementation of Globalize2 style model translations (Jan Andersson)

Related Solutions

• globalize2_versioning - acts_as_versioned style versioning for globalize2 (Joshua Harvey)
• i18n_multi_locales_validations - multi-locales attributes validations to validates attributes from globalize2 translations models (Sébastien Grosjean)
• globalize2 Demo App - demo application for globalize2 (Sven Fuchs)
• migrate_from_globalize1 - migrate model translations from Globalize1 to globalize2 (Tomasz Stachewicz)
• easy_globalize2_accessors - easily access (read and write) globalize2-translated fields (astropanic, Tomasz Stachewicz)
• globalize2-easy-translate - adds methods to easily access or set translated attributes to your model (bsamman)
• batch_translations - allow saving multiple globalize2 translations in the same request (Jose Alvarez Rilla)