Module: ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter::SchemaStatements

Included in:
ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter
Defined in:
activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Details

#add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Adds a new column to the named table. See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.



378
379
380
381
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 378

def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
  clear_cache!
  super
end

#add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



416
417
418
419
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 416

def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
  execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{index_algorithm} #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{index_using} (#{index_columns})#{index_options}"
end

#change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Changes the column of a table.



384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 384

def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
  clear_cache!
  quoted_table_name = quote_table_name(table_name)
  sql_type = type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])
  sql_type << "[]" if options[:array]
  execute "ALTER TABLE #{quoted_table_name} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TYPE #{sql_type}"

  change_column_default(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options_include_default?(options)
  change_column_null(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
end

#change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) ⇒ Object

Changes the default value of a table column.



396
397
398
399
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 396

def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
  clear_cache!
  execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} SET DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
end

#change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) ⇒ Object 



401
402
403
404
405
406
407
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 401

def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
  clear_cache!
  unless null || default.nil?
    execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
  end
  execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{null ? 'DROP' : 'SET'} NOT NULL")
end

#client_min_messages ⇒ Object

Returns the current client message level.



253
254
255
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 253

def client_min_messages
  query('SHOW client_min_messages', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
end

#client_min_messages=(level) ⇒ Object

Set the client message level.



258
259
260
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 258

def client_min_messages=(level)
  execute("SET client_min_messages TO '#{level}'", 'SCHEMA')
end

#collation ⇒ Object

Returns the current database collation.



201
202
203
204
205
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 201

def collation
  query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
    SELECT pg_database.datcollate FROM pg_database WHERE pg_database.datname LIKE '#{current_database}'
  end_sql
end

#columns(table_name) ⇒ Object

Returns the list of all column definitions for a table.



172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 172

def columns(table_name)
  # Limit, precision, and scale are all handled by the superclass.
  column_definitions(table_name).map do |column_name, type, default, notnull, oid, fmod|
    oid = OID::TYPE_MAP.fetch(oid.to_i, fmod.to_i) {
      OID::Identity.new
    }
    PostgreSQLColumn.new(column_name, default, oid, type, notnull == 'f')
  end
end

#columns_for_distinct(columns, orders) ⇒ Object

PostgreSQL requires the ORDER BY columns in the select list for distinct queries, and requires that the ORDER BY include the distinct column.



473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 473

def columns_for_distinct(columns, orders) #:nodoc:
  order_columns = orders.reject(&:blank?).map{ |s|
      # Convert Arel node to string
      s = s.to_sql unless s.is_a?(String)
      # Remove any ASC/DESC modifiers
      s.gsub(/\s+(ASC|DESC)\s*(NULLS\s+(FIRST|LAST)\s*)?/i, '')
    }.reject(&:blank?).map.with_index { |column, i| "#{column} AS alias_#{i}" }

  [super, *order_columns].join(', ')
end

#create_database(name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Create a new PostgreSQL database. Options include :owner, :template, :encoding, :collation, :ctype, :tablespace, and :connection_limit (note that MySQL uses :charset while PostgreSQL uses :encoding).

Example:

create_database config[:database], config
create_database 'foo_development', encoding: 'unicode'



56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 56

def create_database(name, options = {})
  options = { encoding: 'utf8' }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)

  option_string = options.sum do |key, value|
    case key
    when :owner
      " OWNER = \"#{value}\""
    when :template
      " TEMPLATE = \"#{value}\""
    when :encoding
      " ENCODING = '#{value}'"
    when :collation
      " LC_COLLATE = '#{value}'"
    when :ctype
      " LC_CTYPE = '#{value}'"
    when :tablespace
      " TABLESPACE = \"#{value}\""
    when :connection_limit
      " CONNECTION LIMIT = #{value}"
    else
      ""
    end
  end

  execute "CREATE DATABASE #{quote_table_name(name)}#{option_string}"
end

#create_schema(schema_name) ⇒ Object

Creates a schema for the given schema name.



226
227
228
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 226

def create_schema schema_name
  execute "CREATE SCHEMA #{schema_name}"
end

#ctype ⇒ Object

Returns the current database ctype.



208
209
210
211
212
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 208

def ctype
  query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
    SELECT pg_database.datctype FROM pg_database WHERE pg_database.datname LIKE '#{current_database}'
  end_sql
end

#current_database ⇒ Object

Returns the current database name.



183
184
185
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 183

def current_database
  query('select current_database()', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
end

#current_schema ⇒ Object

Returns the current schema name.



188
189
190
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 188

def current_schema
  query('SELECT current_schema', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
end

#default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the sequence name for a table’s primary key or some other specified key.



263
264
265
266
267
268
269
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 263

def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = nil) #:nodoc:
  result = serial_sequence(table_name, pk || 'id')
  return nil unless result
  result.split('.').last
rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
  "#{table_name}_#{pk || 'id'}_seq"
end

#drop_database(name) ⇒ Object

Drops a PostgreSQL database.

Example:

drop_database 'matt_development'



87
88
89
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 87

def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
  execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS #{quote_table_name(name)}"
end

#drop_schema(schema_name) ⇒ Object

Drops the schema for the given schema name.



231
232
233
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 231

def drop_schema schema_name
  execute "DROP SCHEMA #{schema_name} CASCADE"
end

#encoding ⇒ Object

Returns the current database encoding format.



193
194
195
196
197
198
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 193

def encoding
  query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
    SELECT pg_encoding_to_char(pg_database.encoding) FROM pg_database
    WHERE pg_database.datname LIKE '#{current_database}'
  end_sql
end

#index_name_length ⇒ Object 



429
430
431
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 429

def index_name_length
  63
end

#indexes(table_name, name = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns an array of indexes for the given table.



130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 130

def indexes(table_name, name = nil)
   result = query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA')
     SELECT distinct i.relname, d.indisunique, d.indkey, pg_get_indexdef(d.indexrelid), t.oid
     FROM pg_class t
     INNER JOIN pg_index d ON t.oid = d.indrelid
     INNER JOIN pg_class i ON d.indexrelid = i.oid
     WHERE i.relkind = 'i'
       AND d.indisprimary = 'f'
       AND t.relname = '#{table_name}'
       AND i.relnamespace IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = ANY (current_schemas(false)) )
    ORDER BY i.relname
  SQL

  result.map do |row|
    index_name = row[0]
    unique = row[1] == 't'
    indkey = row[2].split(" ")
    inddef = row[3]
    oid = row[4]

    columns = Hash[query(<<-SQL, "SCHEMA")]
    SELECT a.attnum, a.attname
    FROM pg_attribute a
    WHERE a.attrelid = #{oid}
    AND a.attnum IN (#{indkey.join(",")})
    SQL

    column_names = columns.values_at(*indkey).compact

    unless column_names.empty?
      # add info on sort order for columns (only desc order is explicitly specified, asc is the default)
      desc_order_columns = inddef.scan(/(\w+) DESC/).flatten
      orders = desc_order_columns.any? ? Hash[desc_order_columns.map {|order_column| [order_column, :desc]}] : {}
      where = inddef.scan(/WHERE (.+)$/).flatten[0]
      using = inddef.scan(/USING (.+?) /).flatten[0].to_sym

      IndexDefinition.new(table_name, index_name, unique, column_names, [], orders, where, nil, using)
    end
  end.compact
end

#pk_and_sequence_for(table) ⇒ Object

Returns a table’s primary key and belonging sequence.



301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 301

def pk_and_sequence_for(table) #:nodoc:
  # First try looking for a sequence with a dependency on the
  # given table's primary key.
  result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
    SELECT attr.attname, seq.relname
    FROM pg_class      seq,
         pg_attribute  attr,
         pg_depend     dep,
         pg_constraint cons
    WHERE seq.oid           = dep.objid
      AND seq.relkind       = 'S'
      AND attr.attrelid     = dep.refobjid
      AND attr.attnum       = dep.refobjsubid
      AND attr.attrelid     = cons.conrelid
      AND attr.attnum       = cons.conkey[1]
      AND cons.contype      = 'p'
      AND dep.refobjid      = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
  end_sql

  if result.nil? or result.empty?
    result = query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA')[0]
      SELECT attr.attname,
        CASE
          WHEN pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) !~* 'nextval' THEN NULL
          WHEN split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2) ~ '.' THEN
            substr(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2),
                   strpos(split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2), '.')+1)
          ELSE split_part(pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid), '''', 2)
        END
      FROM pg_class       t
      JOIN pg_attribute   attr ON (t.oid = attrelid)
      JOIN pg_attrdef     def  ON (adrelid = attrelid AND adnum = attnum)
      JOIN pg_constraint  cons ON (conrelid = adrelid AND adnum = conkey[1])
      WHERE t.oid = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
        AND cons.contype = 'p'
        AND pg_get_expr(def.adbin, def.adrelid) ~* 'nextval|uuid_generate'
    end_sql
  end

  [result.first, result.last]
rescue
  nil
end

#primary_key(table) ⇒ Object

Returns just a table’s primary key



346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 346

def primary_key(table)
  row = exec_query(<<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA').rows.first
    SELECT attr.attname
    FROM pg_attribute attr
    INNER JOIN pg_constraint cons ON attr.attrelid = cons.conrelid AND attr.attnum = cons.conkey[1]
    WHERE cons.contype = 'p'
      AND cons.conrelid = '#{quote_table_name(table)}'::regclass
  end_sql

  row && row.first
end

#recreate_database(name, options = {}) ⇒ Object

Drops the database specified on the name attribute and creates it again using the provided options.



43
44
45
46
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 43

def recreate_database(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
  drop_database(name)
  create_database(name, options)
end

#remove_index!(table_name, index_name) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



421
422
423
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 421

def remove_index!(table_name, index_name) #:nodoc:
  execute "DROP INDEX #{quote_table_name(index_name)}"
end

#rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) ⇒ Object

Renames a column in a table.



410
411
412
413
414
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 410

def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
  clear_cache!
  execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
  rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
end

#rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name) ⇒ Object 



425
426
427
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 425

def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
  execute "ALTER INDEX #{quote_column_name(old_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
end

#rename_table(table_name, new_name) ⇒ Object

Renames a table. Also renames a table’s primary key sequence if the sequence name matches the Active Record default.

Example:

rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')



364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 364

def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
  clear_cache!
  execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
  pk, seq = pk_and_sequence_for(new_name)
  if seq == "#{table_name}_#{pk}_seq"
    new_seq = "#{new_name}_#{pk}_seq"
    execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(seq)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_seq)}"
  end

  rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
end

#reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) ⇒ Object

Resets the sequence of a table’s primary key to the maximum value.



279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 279

def reset_pk_sequence!(table, pk = nil, sequence = nil) #:nodoc:
  unless pk and sequence
    default_pk, default_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)

    pk ||= default_pk
    sequence ||= default_sequence
  end

  if @logger && pk && !sequence
    @logger.warn "#{table} has primary key #{pk} with no default sequence"
  end

  if pk && sequence
    quoted_sequence = quote_table_name(sequence)

    select_value <<-end_sql, 'SCHEMA'
      SELECT setval('#{quoted_sequence}', (SELECT COALESCE(MAX(#{quote_column_name pk})+(SELECT increment_by FROM #{quoted_sequence}), (SELECT min_value FROM #{quoted_sequence})) FROM #{quote_table_name(table)}), false)
    end_sql
  end
end

#schema_exists?(name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if schema exists.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


121
122
123
124
125
126
127
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 121

def schema_exists?(name)
  exec_query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').rows.first[0].to_i > 0
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM pg_namespace
    WHERE nspname = '#{name}'
  SQL
end

#schema_names ⇒ Object

Returns an array of schema names.



215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 215

def schema_names
  query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').flatten
    SELECT nspname
      FROM pg_namespace
     WHERE nspname !~ '^pg_.*'
       AND nspname NOT IN ('information_schema')
     ORDER by nspname;
  SQL
end

#schema_search_path ⇒ Object

Returns the active schema search path.



248
249
250
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 248

def schema_search_path
  @schema_search_path ||= query('SHOW search_path', 'SCHEMA')[0][0]
end

#schema_search_path=(schema_csv) ⇒ Object

Sets the schema search path to a string of comma-separated schema names. Names beginning with $ have to be quoted (e.g. $user => ‘$user’). See: www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/ddl-schemas.html

This should be not be called manually but set in database.yml.



240
241
242
243
244
245
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 240

def schema_search_path=(schema_csv)
  if schema_csv
    execute("SET search_path TO #{schema_csv}", 'SCHEMA')
    @schema_search_path = schema_csv
  end
end

#serial_sequence(table, column) ⇒ Object 



271
272
273
274
275
276
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 271

def serial_sequence(table, column)
  result = exec_query(<<-eosql, 'SCHEMA')
    SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('#{table}', '#{column}')
  eosql
  result.rows.first.first
end

#table_exists?(name) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if table exists. If the schema is not specified as part of name then it will only find tables within the current schema search path (regardless of permissions to access tables in other schemas)

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 103

def table_exists?(name)
  schema, table = Utils.extract_schema_and_table(name.to_s)
  return false unless table

  binds = [[nil, table]]
  binds << [nil, schema] if schema

  exec_query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').rows.first[0].to_i > 0
      SELECT COUNT(*)
      FROM pg_class c
      LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
      WHERE c.relkind in ('v','r')
      AND c.relname = '#{table.gsub(/(^"|"$)/,'')}'
      AND n.nspname = #{schema ? "'#{schema}'" : 'ANY (current_schemas(false))'}
  SQL
end

#tables(name = nil) ⇒ Object

Returns the list of all tables in the schema search path or a specified schema.



92
93
94
95
96
97
98
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 92

def tables(name = nil)
  query(<<-SQL, 'SCHEMA').map { |row| row[0] }
    SELECT tablename
    FROM pg_tables
    WHERE schemaname = ANY (current_schemas(false))
  SQL
end

#type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil) ⇒ Object

Maps logical Rails types to PostgreSQL-specific data types.



434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
 
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb', line 434

def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
  case type.to_s
  when 'binary'
    # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on binary (bytea) columns.
    # The hard limit is 1Gb, because of a 32-bit size field, and TOAST.
    case limit
    when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
    else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}.")
    end
  when 'text'
    # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on text columns.
    # The hard limit is 1Gb, according to section 8.3 in the manual.
    case limit
    when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
    else raise(ActiveRecordError, "The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte.")
    end
  when 'integer'
    return 'integer' unless limit

    case limit
      when 1, 2; 'smallint'
      when 3, 4; 'integer'
      when 5..8; 'bigint'
      else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with precision 0 instead.")
    end
  when 'datetime'
    return super unless precision

    case precision
      when 0..6; "timestamp(#{precision})"
      else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No timestamp type has precision of #{precision}. The allowed range of precision is from 0 to 6")
    end
  else
    super
  end
end