Module: Mail::Utilities

Extended by:
Utilities
Included in:
Encodings, Utilities
Defined in:
lib/mail/utilities.rb

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: BestEffortCharsetEncoder, StrictCharsetEncoder

Constant Summary collapse

TO_CRLF_REGEX = 
Regexp.new("(?<!\r)\n|\r(?!\n)")

Class Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Attribute Details

.charset_encoder ⇒ Object

Returns the value of attribute charset_encoder.



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 334

def charset_encoder
  @charset_encoder
end

Class Method Details

.b_value_decode(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 414

def Utilities.b_value_decode(str)
  match = str.match(/\=\?(.+)?\?[Bb]\?(.*)\?\=/m)
  if match
    charset = match[1]
    str = Utilities.decode_base64(match[2])
    str = charset_encoder.encode(str, charset)
  end
  transcode_to_scrubbed_utf8(str)
rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError, ArgumentError, Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError, Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError
  warn "WARNING: Encoding conversion failed #{$!}"
  str.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
end

.b_value_encode(str, encoding = nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 409

def Utilities.b_value_encode(str, encoding = nil)
  encoding = str.encoding.to_s
  [Utilities.encode_base64(str), encoding]
end

.binary_unsafe_to_crlf(string) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 243

def self.binary_unsafe_to_crlf(string) #:nodoc:
  string.gsub(TO_CRLF_REGEX, Constants::CRLF)
end

.binary_unsafe_to_lf(string) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 233

def self.binary_unsafe_to_lf(string) #:nodoc:
  string.gsub(/\r\n|\r/, Constants::LF)
end

.bracket(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 356

def Utilities.bracket( str )
  str = ::Mail::Utilities.unbracket( str )
  str = escape_bracket( str )
  '<' + str + '>'
end

.decode_base64(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 362

def Utilities.decode_base64(str)
  if !str.end_with?("=") && str.length % 4 != 0
    str = str.ljust((str.length + 3) & ~3, "=")
  end
  str.unpack1( 'm' )
end

.decode_utf7(utf7) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 399

def Utilities.decode_utf7(utf7)
  utf7.gsub(/&([^-]+)?-/n) do
    if $1
      ($1.tr(",", "/") + "===").unpack1("m").encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::UTF_16BE)
    else
      "&"
    end
  end
end

.encode_base64(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 369

def Utilities.encode_base64(str)
  [str].pack( 'm' )
end

.encode_utf7(string) ⇒ Object

From Ruby stdlib Net::IMAP



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 388

def Utilities.encode_utf7(string)
  string.gsub(/(&)|[^\x20-\x7e]+/) do
    if $1
      "&-"
    else
      base64 = [$&.encode(Encoding::UTF_16BE)].pack("m0")
      "&" + base64.delete("=").tr("/", ",") + "-"
    end
  end.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
end

.escape_bracket(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 351

def Utilities.escape_bracket( str )
  re = /(?<!\\)([\<\>])/          # Only match unescaped brackets
  str.gsub(re) { |s| '\\' + s }
end

.escape_paren(str) ⇒ Object

Escapes any parenthesis in a string that are unescaped this uses a Ruby 1.9.1 regexp feature of negative look behind



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 340

def Utilities.escape_paren( str )
  re = /(?<!\\)([\(\)])/          # Only match unescaped parens
  str.gsub(re) { |s| '\\' + s }
end

.get_constant(klass, string) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 377

def Utilities.get_constant(klass, string)
  klass.const_get( string )
end

.has_constant?(klass, string) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 373

def Utilities.has_constant?(klass, string)
  klass.const_defined?( string, false )
end

.param_decode(str, encoding) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 451

def Utilities.param_decode(str, encoding)
  str = uri_parser.unescape(str)
  str = charset_encoder.encode(str, encoding) if encoding
  transcode_to_scrubbed_utf8(str)
rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError, ArgumentError, Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
  warn "WARNING: Encoding conversion failed #{$!}"
  str.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
end

.param_encode(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 460

def Utilities.param_encode(str)
  encoding = str.encoding.to_s.downcase
  language = Configuration.instance.param_encode_language
  "#{encoding}'#{language}'#{uri_parser.escape(str)}"
end

.paren(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 345

def Utilities.paren( str )
  str = ::Mail::Utilities.unparen( str )
  str = escape_paren( str )
  '(' + str + ')'
end

.pick_encoding(charset) ⇒ Object

Pick a Ruby encoding corresponding to the message charset. Most charsets have a Ruby encoding, but some need manual aliasing here.

TODO: add this as a test somewhere:

Encoding.list.map { |e| [e.to_s.upcase == pick_encoding(e.to_s.downcase.gsub("-", "")), e.to_s] }.select {|a,b| !b}
Encoding.list.map { |e| [e.to_s == pick_encoding(e.to_s), e.to_s] }.select {|a,b| !b}



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 476

def Utilities.pick_encoding(charset)
  charset = charset.to_s
  encoding = case charset.downcase

  # ISO-8859-8-I etc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I
  when /^iso[-_]?8859-(\d+)(-i)?$/
    "ISO-8859-#{$1}"

  # ISO-8859-15, ISO-2022-JP and alike
  when /^iso[-_]?(\d{4})-?(\w{1,2})$/
    "ISO-#{$1}-#{$2}"

  # "ISO-2022-JP-KDDI"  and alike
  when /^iso[-_]?(\d{4})-?(\w{1,2})-?(\w*)$/
    "ISO-#{$1}-#{$2}-#{$3}"

  # UTF-8, UTF-32BE and alike
  when /^utf[\-_]?(\d{1,2})?(\w{1,2})$/
    "UTF-#{$1}#{$2}".gsub(/\A(UTF-(?:16|32))\z/, '\\1BE')

  # Windows-1252 and alike
  when /^windows-?(.*)$/
    "Windows-#{$1}"

  when '8bit'
    Encoding::ASCII_8BIT

  # alternatives/misspellings of us-ascii seen in the wild
  when /^iso[-_]?646(-us)?$/, 'us=ascii'
    Encoding::ASCII

  # Microsoft-specific alias for MACROMAN
  when 'macintosh'
    Encoding::MACROMAN

  # Microsoft-specific alias for CP949 (Korean)
  when 'ks_c_5601-1987'
    Encoding::CP949

  # Wrongly written Shift_JIS (Japanese)
  when 'shift-jis'
    Encoding::Shift_JIS

  # GB2312 (Chinese charset) is a subset of GB18030 (its replacement)
  when 'gb2312'
    Encoding::GB18030

  when 'cp-850'
    Encoding::CP850

  when 'latin2'
    Encoding::ISO_8859_2

  else
    charset
  end

  convert_to_encoding(encoding)
end

.q_value_decode(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 432

def Utilities.q_value_decode(str)
  match = str.match(/\=\?(.+)?\?[Qq]\?(.*)\?\=/m)
  if match
    charset = match[1]
    string = match[2].gsub(/_/, '=20')
    # Remove trailing = if it exists in a Q encoding
    string = string.sub(/\=$/, '')
    str = Encodings::QuotedPrintable.decode(string)
    str = charset_encoder.encode(str, charset)
    # We assume that binary strings hold utf-8 directly to work around
    # jruby/jruby#829 which subtly changes String#encode semantics.
    str.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if str.encoding == Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
  end
  transcode_to_scrubbed_utf8(str)
rescue Encoding::UndefinedConversionError, ArgumentError, Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
  warn "WARNING: Encoding conversion failed #{$!}"
  str.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
end

.q_value_encode(str, encoding = nil) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 427

def Utilities.q_value_encode(str, encoding = nil)
  encoding = str.encoding.to_s
  [Encodings::QuotedPrintable.encode(str), encoding]
end

.safe_for_line_ending_conversion?(string) ⇒ Boolean

:nodoc:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 247

def self.safe_for_line_ending_conversion?(string) #:nodoc:
  if string.encoding == Encoding::BINARY
    string.ascii_only?
  else
    string.valid_encoding?
  end
end

.string_byteslice(str, *args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 536

def Utilities.string_byteslice(str, *args)
  str.byteslice(*args)
end

.to_crlf(string) ⇒ Object

Convert line endings to rn unless the string is binary. Used for encoding 8bit and base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding and for convenience when parsing emails with n line endings instead of the required rn.



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 269

def self.to_crlf(string)
  string = string.to_s
  if safe_for_line_ending_conversion? string
    binary_unsafe_to_crlf string
  else
    string
  end
end

.to_lf(string) ⇒ Object

Convert line endings to n unless the string is binary. Used for sendmail delivery and for decoding 8bit Content-Transfer-Encoding.



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 257

def self.to_lf(string)
  string = string.to_s
  if safe_for_line_ending_conversion? string
    binary_unsafe_to_lf string
  else
    string
  end
end

.transcode_charset(str, from_encoding, to_encoding = Encoding::UTF_8) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 381

def Utilities.transcode_charset(str, from_encoding, to_encoding = Encoding::UTF_8)
  to_encoding = Encoding.find(to_encoding)
  replacement_char = to_encoding == Encoding::UTF_8 ? '�' : '?'
  charset_encoder.encode(str.dup, from_encoding).encode(to_encoding, :undef => :replace, :invalid => :replace, :replace => replacement_char)
end

.uri_parser ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 466

def Utilities.uri_parser
  URI::DEFAULT_PARSER
end

Instance Method Details

#atom_safe?(str) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the string supplied is free from characters not allowed as an ATOM

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 11

def atom_safe?( str )
  not Constants::ATOM_UNSAFE === str
end

#blank?(value) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the object is considered blank. A blank includes things like ”, ‘ ’, nil, and arrays and hashes that have nothing in them.

This logic is mostly shared with ActiveSupport’s blank?

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 283

def blank?(value)
  if value.kind_of?(NilClass)
    true
  elsif value.kind_of?(String)
    value !~ /\S/
  else
    value.respond_to?(:empty?) ? value.empty? : !value
  end
end

#bracket(str) ⇒ Object

Wraps a string in angle brackets and escapes any that are in the string itself

Example:

bracket( 'This is a string' ) #=> '<This is a string>'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 131

def bracket( str )
  Utilities.bracket( str )
end

#capitalize_field(str) ⇒ Object

Capitalizes a string that is joined by hyphens correctly.

Example:

string = 'resent-from-field'
capitalize_field( string ) #=> 'Resent-From-Field'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 188

def capitalize_field( str )
  str.to_s.split("-").map { |v| v.capitalize }.join("-")
end

#constantize(str) ⇒ Object

Takes an underscored word and turns it into a class name

Example:

constantize("hello") #=> "Hello"
constantize("hello-there") #=> "HelloThere"
constantize("hello-there-mate") #=> "HelloThereMate"



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 199

def constantize( str )
  str.to_s.split(/[-_]/).map { |v| v.capitalize }.to_s
end

#dasherize(str) ⇒ Object

Swaps out all underscores (_) for hyphens (-) good for stringing from symbols a field name.

Example:

string = :resent_from_field
dasherize( string ) #=> 'resent-from-field'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 210

def dasherize( str )
  str.to_s.tr(Constants::UNDERSCORE, Constants::HYPHEN)
end

#dquote(str) ⇒ Object

Wraps supplied string in double quotes and applies -escaping as necessary, unless it is already wrapped.

Example:

string = 'This is a string'
dquote(string) #=> '"This is a string"'

string = 'This is "a string"'
dquote(string #=> '"This is \"a string\"'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 68

def dquote( str )
  '"' + unquote(str).gsub(/[\\"]/n) {|s| '\\' + s } + '"'
end

#escape_paren(str) ⇒ Object

Escape parenthesies in a string

Example:

str = 'This is (a) string'
escape_paren( str ) #=> 'This is \(a\) string'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 155

def escape_paren( str )
  Utilities.escape_paren( str )
end

#generate_message_id ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 293

def generate_message_id
  "<#{Mail.random_tag}@#{::Socket.gethostname}.mail>"
end

#map_lines(str, &block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 225

def map_lines( str, &block )
  str.each_line.map(&block)
end

#map_with_index(enum, &block) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 229

def map_with_index( enum, &block )
  enum.each_with_index.map(&block)
end

#match_to_s(obj1, obj2) ⇒ Object

Matches two objects with their to_s values case insensitively

Example:

obj2 = "This_is_An_object"
obj1 = :this_IS_an_object
match_to_s( obj1, obj2 ) #=> true



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 178

def match_to_s( obj1, obj2 )
  obj1.to_s.casecmp(obj2.to_s) == 0
end

#paren(str) ⇒ Object

Wraps a string in parenthesis and escapes any that are in the string itself.

Example:

paren( 'This is a string' ) #=> '(This is a string)'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 108

def paren( str )
  Utilities.paren( str )
end

#quote_atom(str) ⇒ Object

If the string supplied has ATOM unsafe characters in it, will return the string quoted in double quotes, otherwise returns the string unmodified



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 17

def quote_atom( str )
  atom_safe?( str ) ? str : dquote(str)
end

#quote_phrase(str) ⇒ Object

If the string supplied has PHRASE unsafe characters in it, will return the string quoted in double quotes, otherwise returns the string unmodified



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 23

def quote_phrase( str )
  if str.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
    original_encoding = str.encoding
    ascii_str = str.to_s.dup.force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT')
    if Constants::PHRASE_UNSAFE === ascii_str
      dquote(ascii_str).force_encoding(original_encoding)
    else
      str
    end
  else
    Constants::PHRASE_UNSAFE === str ? dquote(str) : str
  end
end

#quote_token(str) ⇒ Object

If the string supplied has TOKEN unsafe characters in it, will return the string quoted in double quotes, otherwise returns the string unmodified



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 44

def quote_token( str )
  if str.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
    original_encoding = str.encoding
    ascii_str = str.to_s.dup.force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT')
    if token_safe?( ascii_str )
      str
    else
      dquote(ascii_str).force_encoding(original_encoding)
    end
  else
    token_safe?( str ) ? str : dquote(str)
  end
end

#token_safe?(str) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if the string supplied is free from characters not allowed as a TOKEN

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 38

def token_safe?( str )
  not Constants::TOKEN_UNSAFE === str
end

#unbracket(str) ⇒ Object

Unwraps a string from being wrapped in parenthesis

Example:

str = '<This is a string>'
unbracket( str ) #=> 'This is a string'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 141

def unbracket( str )
  if str.start_with?('<') && str.end_with?('>')
    str.slice(1..-2)
  else
    str
  end
end

#underscoreize(str) ⇒ Object

Swaps out all hyphens (-) for underscores (_) good for stringing to symbols a field name.

Example:

string = :resent_from_field
underscoreize ( string ) #=> 'resent_from_field'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 221

def underscoreize( str )
  str.to_s.downcase.tr(Constants::HYPHEN, Constants::UNDERSCORE)
end

#unescape(str) ⇒ Object

Removes any -escaping.

Example:

string = 'This is \"a string\"'
unescape(string) #=> 'This is "a string"'

string = '"This is \"a string\""'
unescape(string) #=> '"This is "a string""'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 99

def unescape( str )
  str.gsub(/\\(.)/, '\1')
end

#unparen(str) ⇒ Object

Unwraps a string from being wrapped in parenthesis

Example:

str = '(This is a string)'
unparen( str ) #=> 'This is a string'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 118

def unparen( str )
  if str.start_with?('(') && str.end_with?(')')
    str.slice(1..-2)
  else
    str
  end
end

#unquote(str) ⇒ Object

Unwraps supplied string from inside double quotes and removes any -escaping.

Example:

string = '"This is a string"'
unquote(string) #=> 'This is a string'

string = '"This is \"a string\""'
unqoute(string) #=> 'This is "a string"'



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 82

def unquote( str )
  if str =~ /^"(.*?)"$/
    unescape($1)
  else
    str
  end
end

#uri_escape(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 159

def uri_escape( str )
  uri_parser.escape(str)
end

#uri_parser ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 167

def uri_parser
  @uri_parser ||= URI.const_defined?(:DEFAULT_PARSER) ? URI::DEFAULT_PARSER : URI
end

#uri_unescape(str) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/mail/utilities.rb', line 163

def uri_unescape( str )
  uri_parser.unescape(str)
end