Class: Builder::XmlMarkup

Inherits:
XmlBase show all
Defined in:
lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb

Overview

Create XML markup easily. All (well, almost all) methods sent to an XmlMarkup object will be translated to the equivalent XML markup. Any method with a block will be treated as an XML markup tag with nested markup in the block.

Examples will demonstrate this easier than words. In the following, xm is an XmlMarkup object.

xm.em("emphasized")            # => <em>emphasized</em>
xm.em { xm.b("emp & bold") }   # => <em><b>emph &amp; bold</b></em>
xm.a("A Link", "href"=>"http://onestepback.org")
                               # => <a href="http://onestepback.org">A Link</a>
xm.div { xm.br }               # => <div><br/></div>
xm.target("name"=>"compile", "option"=>"fast")
                               # => <target option="fast" name="compile"\>
                               # NOTE: order of attributes is not specified.

xm.instruct!                   # <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xm.html {                      # <html>
  xm.head {                    #   <head>
    xm.title("History")        #     <title>History</title>
  }                            #   </head>
  xm.body {                    #   <body>
    xm.comment! "HI"           #     <!-- HI -->
    xm.h1("Header")            #     <h1>Header</h1>
    xm.p("paragraph")          #     <p>paragraph</p>
  }                            #   </body>
}                              # </html>

Notes:

  • The order that attributes are inserted in markup tags is undefined.

  • Sometimes you wish to insert text without enclosing tags. Use the text! method to accomplish this.

    Example:

    xm.div {                          # <div>
  xm.text! "line"; xm.br          #   line<br/>
  xm.text! "another line"; xmbr   #    another line<br/>
}                                 # </div>

  • The special XML characters <, >, and & are converted to &lt;, &gt; and &amp; automatically. Use the << operation to insert text without modification.

  • Sometimes tags use special characters not allowed in ruby identifiers. Use the tag! method to handle these cases.

    Example:

    xml.tag!("SOAP:Envelope") { ... }

    will produce …

    <SOAP:Envelope> ... </SOAP:Envelope>"

    tag! will also take text and attribute arguments (after the tag name) like normal markup methods. (But see the next bullet item for a better way to handle XML namespaces).

  • Direct support for XML namespaces is now available. If the first argument to a tag call is a symbol, it will be joined to the tag to produce a namespace:tag combination. It is easier to show this than describe it.

    xml.SOAP :Envelope do ... end

    Just put a space before the colon in a namespace to produce the right form for builder (e.g. “SOAP:Envelope” => “xml.SOAP :Envelope”)

  • XmlMarkup builds the markup in any object (called a target) that accepts the << method. If no target is given, then XmlMarkup defaults to a string target.

    Examples:

    xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
result = xm.title("yada")
# result is a string containing the markup.

buffer = ""
xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(buffer)
# The markup is appended to buffer (using <<)

xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(STDOUT)
# The markup is written to STDOUT (using <<)

xm = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
x2 = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:target=>xm)
# Markup written to +x2+ will be send to +xm+.

  • Indentation is enabled by providing the number of spaces to indent for each level as a second argument to XmlBuilder.new. Initial indentation may be specified using a third parameter.

    Example:

    xm = Builder.new(:indent=>2)
# xm will produce nicely formatted and indented XML.

xm = Builder.new(:indent=>2, :margin=>4)
# xm will produce nicely formatted and indented XML with 2
# spaces per indent and an over all indentation level of 4.

builder = Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:target=>$stdout, :indent=>2)
builder.name { |b| b.first("Jim"); b.last("Weirich) }
# prints:
#     <name>
#       <first>Jim</first>
#       <last>Weirich</last>
#     </name>

  • The instance_eval implementation which forces self to refer to the message receiver as self is now obsolete. We now use normal block calls to execute the markup block. This means that all markup methods must now be explicitly send to the xml builder. For instance, instead of

    xml.div { strong("text") }

    you need to write:

    xml.div { xml.strong("text") }

    Although more verbose, the subtle change in semantics within the block was found to be prone to error. To make this change a little less cumbersome, the markup block now gets the markup object sent as an argument, allowing you to use a shorter alias within the block.

    For example:

    xml_builder = Builder::XmlMarkup.new
xml_builder.div { |xml|
  xml.stong("text")
}

Direct Known Subclasses

XmlEvents

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from XmlBase

#<<, #explicit_nil_handling?, #method_missing, #nil?, #tag!, #text!

Methods inherited from BlankSlate

find_hidden_method, hide, reveal

Constructor Details

#initialize(options = {}) ⇒ XmlMarkup

Create an XML markup builder. Parameters are specified by an option hash.

:target => target_object

Object receiving the markup. target_object must respond to the <<(a_string) operator and return itself. The default target is a plain string target.

:indent => indentation

Number of spaces used for indentation. The default is no indentation and no line breaks.

:margin => initial_indentation_level

Amount of initial indentation (specified in levels, not spaces).

:quote => :single

Use single quotes for attributes rather than double quotes.

:escape_attrs => OBSOLETE

The :escape_attrs option is no longer supported by builder (and will be quietly ignored). String attribute values are now automatically escaped. If you need unescaped attribute values (perhaps you are using entities in the attribute values), then give the value as a Symbol. This allows much finer control over escaping attribute values.



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 190

def initialize(options={})
  indent = options[:indent] || 0
  margin = options[:margin] || 0
  @quote = (options[:quote] == :single) ? "'" : '"'
  @explicit_nil_handling = options[:explicit_nil_handling]
  super(indent, margin)
  @target = options[:target] || "".dup
end

Dynamic Method Handling

This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method in the class Builder::XmlBase

Instance Method Details

#cdata!(text) ⇒ Object

Insert a CDATA section into the XML markup.

For example:

xml.cdata!("text to be included in cdata")
    #=> <![CDATA[text to be included in cdata]]>



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 270

def cdata!(text)
  _ensure_no_block ::Kernel::block_given?
  _special("<![CDATA[", "]]>", text.gsub(']]>', ']]]]><![CDATA[>'), nil)
end

#cdata_value!(open, text) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 275

def cdata_value!(open, text)
  _ensure_no_block ::Kernel::block_given?
  _special("<#{open}>", "</#{open}>", "<![CDATA[#{text.gsub(']]>', ']]]]><![CDATA[>')}]]>", nil)
end

#comment!(comment_text) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 204

def comment!(comment_text)
  _ensure_no_block ::Kernel::block_given?
  _special("<!-- ", " -->", comment_text, nil)
end

#declare!(inst, *args, &block) ⇒ Object

Insert an XML declaration into the XML markup.

For example:

xml.declare! :ELEMENT, :blah, "yada"
    # => <!ELEMENT blah "yada">



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 215

def declare!(inst, *args, &block)
  _indent
  @target << "<!#{inst}"
  args.each do |arg|
    case arg
    when ::String
      @target << %{ "#{arg}"} # " WART
    when ::Symbol
      @target << " #{arg}"
    end
  end
  if ::Kernel::block_given?
    @target << " ["
    _newline
    _nested_structures(block)
    @target << "]"
  end
  @target << ">"
  _newline
end

#instruct!(directive_tag = :xml, attrs = {}) ⇒ Object

Insert a processing instruction into the XML markup. E.g.

For example:

xml.instruct!
    #=> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xml.instruct! :aaa, :bbb=>"ccc"
    #=> <?aaa bbb="ccc"?>

Note: If the encoding is setup to “UTF-8” and the value of $KCODE is “UTF8”, then builder will emit UTF-8 encoded strings rather than the entity encoding normally used.



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 248

def instruct!(directive_tag=:xml, attrs={})
  _ensure_no_block ::Kernel::block_given?
  if directive_tag == :xml
    a = { :version=>"1.0", :encoding=>"UTF-8" }
    attrs = a.merge attrs
	@encoding = attrs[:encoding].downcase
  end
  _special(
    "<?#{directive_tag}",
    "?>",
    nil,
    attrs,
    [:version, :encoding, :standalone])
end

#target! ⇒ Object

Return the target of the builder.



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# File 'lib/builder/xmlmarkup.rb', line 200

def target!
  @target
end