Class: Brakeman::CheckCrossSiteScripting

Inherits:
BaseCheck show all
Defined in:
lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb

Overview

This check looks for unescaped output in templates which contains parameters or model attributes.

For example:

<%= User.find(:id).name %> <%= params %>

Constant Summary collapse

IGNORE_MODEL_METHODS =

Model methods which are known to be harmless

Set[:average, :count, :maximum, :minimum, :sum, :id]
MODEL_METHODS = 
Set[:all, :find, :first, :last, :new]
IGNORE_LIKE = 
/^link_to_|(_path|_tag|_url)$/
HAML_HELPERS = 
Sexp.new(:colon2, Sexp.new(:const, :Haml), :Helpers)
XML_HELPER = 
Sexp.new(:colon2, Sexp.new(:const, :Erubis), :XmlHelper)
URI = 
Sexp.new(:const, :URI)
CGI = 
Sexp.new(:const, :CGI)
FORM_BUILDER = 
Sexp.new(:call, Sexp.new(:const, :FormBuilder), :new)

Constants inherited from BaseCheck

BaseCheck::CONFIDENCE

Constants included from Util

Util::ALL_COOKIES, Util::ALL_PARAMETERS, Util::COOKIES, Util::COOKIES_SEXP, Util::DIR_CONST, Util::LITERALS, Util::PARAMETERS, Util::PARAMS_SEXP, Util::PATH_PARAMETERS, Util::QUERY_PARAMETERS, Util::REQUEST_COOKIES, Util::REQUEST_ENV, Util::REQUEST_PARAMETERS, Util::REQUEST_PARAMS, Util::REQUEST_REQUEST_PARAMETERS, Util::SAFE_LITERAL, Util::SESSION, Util::SESSION_SEXP, Util::SIMPLE_LITERALS

Constants inherited from SexpProcessor

SexpProcessor::VERSION

Instance Attribute Summary

Attributes inherited from BaseCheck

#tracker, #warnings

Attributes inherited from SexpProcessor

#context, #env, #expected

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods inherited from BaseCheck

#add_result, inherited, #process_array, #process_default

Methods included from Messages

#msg, #msg_code, #msg_cve, #msg_file, #msg_input, #msg_lit, #msg_plain, #msg_version

Methods included from Util

#all_literals?, #array?, #block?, #call?, #camelize, #class_name, #constant?, #contains_class?, #cookies?, #dir_glob?, #false?, #hash?, #hash_access, #hash_insert, #hash_iterate, #hash_values, #integer?, #kwsplat?, #literal?, #make_call, #node_type?, #number?, #params?, #pluralize, #rails_version, #recurse_check?, #regexp?, #remove_kwsplat, #request_headers?, #request_value?, #result?, #safe_literal, #safe_literal?, #safe_literal_target?, #set_env_defaults, #sexp?, #simple_literal?, #string?, #string_interp?, #symbol?, #template_path_to_name, #true?, #underscore

Methods included from ProcessorHelper

#current_file, #process_all, #process_all!, #process_call_args, #process_call_defn?, #process_class, #process_module

Methods inherited from SexpProcessor

#in_context, #process, processors, #scope

Constructor Details

#initialize(*args) ⇒ CheckCrossSiteScripting

Returns a new instance of CheckCrossSiteScripting.



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 36

def initialize *args
  super
  @matched = @mark = false
end

Instance Method Details

#actually_process_call(exp) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 216

def actually_process_call exp
  return if @matched
  target = exp.target
  if sexp? target
    target = process target
  end

  method = exp.method

  #Ignore safe items
  if ignore_call? target, method
    @matched = false
  elsif sexp? target and model_name? target[1] #TODO: use method call?
    @matched = Match.new(:model, exp)
  elsif cookies? exp
    @matched = Match.new(:cookies, exp)
  elsif @inspect_arguments and params? exp
    @matched = Match.new(:params, exp)
  elsif @inspect_arguments
    process_call_args exp
  end
end

#cgi_escaped?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 369

def cgi_escaped? target, method
  method == :escape and
  (target == URI or target == CGI)
end

#check_for_immediate_xss(exp) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 60

def check_for_immediate_xss exp
  return :duplicate if duplicate? exp

  if exp.node_type == :output
    out = exp.value
  end

  if raw_call? exp
    out = exp.value.first_arg
  elsif html_safe_call? exp
    out = exp.value.target
  end

  return if call? out and ignore_call? out.target, out.method

  if input = has_immediate_user_input?(out)
    add_result exp

    message = msg("Unescaped ", msg_input(input))

    warn :template => @current_template,
      :warning_type => "Cross-Site Scripting",
      :warning_code => :cross_site_scripting,
      :message => message,
      :code => input.match,
      :confidence => :high,
      :cwe_id => [79]

  elsif not tracker.options[:ignore_model_output] and match = has_immediate_model?(out)
    method = if call? match
               match.method
             else
               nil
             end

    unless IGNORE_MODEL_METHODS.include? method
      add_result exp

      if likely_model_attribute? match
        confidence = :high
      else
        confidence = :medium
      end

      message = "Unescaped model attribute"
      link_path = "cross_site_scripting"
      warning_code = :cross_site_scripting

      if node_type?(out, :call, :safe_call, :attrasgn, :safe_attrasgn) && out.method == :to_json
        message += " in JSON hash"
        link_path += "_to_json"
        warning_code = :xss_to_json
      end

      warn :template => @current_template,
        :warning_type => "Cross-Site Scripting",
        :warning_code => warning_code,
        :message => message,
        :code => match,
        :confidence => confidence,
        :link_path => link_path,
        :cwe_id => [79]
    end

  else
    false
  end
end

#form_builder_method?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 382

def form_builder_method? target, method
  target == FORM_BUILDER and @ignore_methods.include? method
end

#haml_escaped?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 374

def haml_escaped? target, method
  method == :html_escape and target == HAML_HELPERS
end

#html_safe_call?(exp) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 344

def html_safe_call? exp
  call? exp.value and exp.value.method == :html_safe
end

#ignore_call?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 348

def ignore_call? target, method
  ignored_method?(target, method) or
  safe_input_attribute?(target, method) or
  ignored_model_method?(target, method) or
  form_builder_method?(target, method) or
  haml_escaped?(target, method) or
  boolean_method?(method) or
  cgi_escaped?(target, method) or
  xml_escaped?(target, method)
end

#ignored_method?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 365

def ignored_method? target, method
  @ignore_methods.include? method or method.to_s =~ IGNORE_LIKE
end

#ignored_model_method?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 359

def ignored_model_method? target, method
  ((@matched and @matched.type == :model) or
     model_name? target) and
     IGNORE_MODEL_METHODS.include? method
end

#likely_model_attribute?(exp) ⇒ Boolean

Call already involves a model, but might not be acting on a record

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 130

def likely_model_attribute? exp
  return false unless call? exp

  method = exp.method

  if MODEL_METHODS.include? method or method.to_s.start_with? "find_by_"
    true
  else
    likely_model_attribute? exp.target
  end
end

#process_call(exp) ⇒ Object

Check a call for user input

Since we want to report an entire call and not just part of one, use @mark to mark when a call is started. Any dangerous values inside will then report the entire call chain.



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 168

def process_call exp
  if @mark
    actually_process_call exp
  else
    @mark = true
    actually_process_call exp
    message = nil

    if @matched
      unless @matched.type and tracker.options[:ignore_model_output]
        message = msg("Unescaped ", msg_input(@matched))
      end

      if message and not duplicate? exp
        add_result exp

        link_path = "cross_site_scripting"
        warning_code = :cross_site_scripting

        if @known_dangerous.include? exp.method
          confidence = :high
          if exp.method == :to_json
            message << msg_plain(" in JSON hash")
            link_path += "_to_json"
            warning_code = :xss_to_json
          end
        else
          confidence = :weak
        end

        warn :template => @current_template,
          :warning_type => "Cross-Site Scripting",
          :warning_code => warning_code,
          :message => message,
          :code => exp,
          :user_input => @matched,
          :confidence => confidence,
          :link_path => link_path,
          :cwe_id => [79]
      end
    end

    @mark = @matched = false
  end

  exp
end

#process_case(exp) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 278

def process_case exp
  #Ignore user input in case value
  #TODO: also ignore when values

  current = 2
  while current < exp.length
    process exp[current] if exp[current]
    current += 1
  end

  exp
end

#process_cookies(exp) ⇒ Object

Note that cookies have been found



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 246

def process_cookies exp
  @matched = Match.new(:cookies, exp)
  exp
end

#process_dstr(exp) ⇒ Object

Process as default



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 257

def process_dstr exp
  process_default exp
end

#process_escaped_output(exp) ⇒ Object

Look for calls to raw() Otherwise, ignore



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 149

def process_escaped_output exp
  unless check_for_immediate_xss exp
    if not duplicate? exp
      if raw_call? exp
        process exp.value.first_arg
      elsif html_safe_call? exp
        process exp.value.target
      end
    end
  end
  exp
end

#process_format(exp) ⇒ Object

Process as default



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 262

def process_format exp
  process_default exp
end

#process_format_escaped(exp) ⇒ Object

Ignore output HTML escaped via HAML



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 267

def process_format_escaped exp
  exp
end

#process_if(exp) ⇒ Object

Ignore condition in if Sexp



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 272

def process_if exp
  process exp.then_clause if sexp? exp.then_clause
  process exp.else_clause if sexp? exp.else_clause
  exp
end

#process_output(exp) ⇒ Object

Process an output Sexp



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 143

def process_output exp
  process exp.value.dup
end

#process_params(exp) ⇒ Object

Note that params have been found



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 240

def process_params exp
  @matched = Match.new(:params, exp)
  exp
end

#process_render(exp) ⇒ Object

Ignore calls to render



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 252

def process_render exp
  exp
end

#raw_call?(exp) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 340

def raw_call? exp
  exp.value.node_type == :call and exp.value.method == :raw
end

#run_check ⇒ Object

Run check



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 42

def run_check
  setup

  tracker.each_template do |name, template|
    Brakeman.debug "Checking #{name} for XSS"

    @current_template = template

    template.each_output do |out|
      unless check_for_immediate_xss out
        @matched = false
        @mark = false
        process out
      end
    end
  end
end

#safe_input_attribute?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 386

def safe_input_attribute? target, method
  target and always_safe_method? method
end

#setup ⇒ Object 



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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 291

def setup
  @ignore_methods = Set[:==, :!=, :button_to, :check_box, :content_tag, :escapeHTML, :escape_once,
                         :field_field, :fields_for, :form_for, :h, :hidden_field,
                         :hidden_field, :hidden_field_tag, :image_tag, :label,
                         :link_to, :mail_to, :radio_button, :select,
                         :submit_tag, :text_area, :text_field,
                         :text_field_tag, :url_encode, :u, :url_for,
                         :will_paginate].merge tracker.options[:safe_methods]

  @models = tracker.models.keys
  @inspect_arguments = tracker.options[:check_arguments]

  @known_dangerous = Set[:truncate, :concat]

  if version_between? "2.0.0", "3.0.5"
    @known_dangerous << :auto_link
  elsif version_between? "3.0.6", "3.0.99"
    @ignore_methods << :auto_link
  end

  if version_between? "2.0.0", "2.3.14" or tracker.config.gem_version(:'rails-html-sanitizer') == '1.0.2'
    @known_dangerous << :strip_tags
  end

  if tracker.config.has_gem? :'rails-html-sanitizer' and
     version_between? "1.0.0", "1.0.2", tracker.config.gem_version(:'rails-html-sanitizer')

    @known_dangerous << :sanitize
  end

  json_escape_on = false
  initializers = tracker.find_call(target: :ActiveSupport, method: :escape_html_entities_in_json=)
  initializers.each {|result| json_escape_on = true?(result[:call].first_arg) }

  if tracker.config.escape_html_entities_in_json?
    json_escape_on = true
  elsif version_between? "4.0.0", "9.9.9"
    json_escape_on = true
  end

  if !json_escape_on or version_between? "0.0.0", "2.0.99"
    @known_dangerous << :to_json
    Brakeman.debug("Automatic to_json escaping not enabled, consider to_json dangerous")
  else
    @safe_input_attributes << :to_json
    Brakeman.debug("Automatic to_json escaping is enabled.")
  end
end

#xml_escaped?(target, method) ⇒ Boolean

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 


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# File 'lib/brakeman/checks/check_cross_site_scripting.rb', line 378

def xml_escaped? target, method
  method == :escape_xml and target == XML_HELPER
end